Robust mechanisms of ventral furrow invagination require the
... that it is only by comparing modelling with experiment that such biomechanical processes can be properly deciphered. In this, we have been inspired by previous pioneering works in the field (Odell et al 1981, Clausi and Brodland 1993, Brodland and Clausi 1994, Davidson et al 1995, Taber 2008). We ha ...
... that it is only by comparing modelling with experiment that such biomechanical processes can be properly deciphered. In this, we have been inspired by previous pioneering works in the field (Odell et al 1981, Clausi and Brodland 1993, Brodland and Clausi 1994, Davidson et al 1995, Taber 2008). We ha ...
Temporal control of neuronal diversity: common
... Cell identity. Sometimes called cell fate, this is defined by the gene expression profile of a cell, which, in turn, specifies its morphology and functions. The overall identity of a neuronal or glial cell results from a combination of its temporal identity, which is conferred by postmitotic TTFs, a ...
... Cell identity. Sometimes called cell fate, this is defined by the gene expression profile of a cell, which, in turn, specifies its morphology and functions. The overall identity of a neuronal or glial cell results from a combination of its temporal identity, which is conferred by postmitotic TTFs, a ...
The novel mouse mutant, chuzhoi, has disruption of Ptk7
... permits the formation of an allelic series of mutations at any locus, facilitating the determination of gene and protein function. The central nervous system develops from the neural tube, an embryonic precursor that is formed early in human gestation, at around 24-28 days following conception. The ...
... permits the formation of an allelic series of mutations at any locus, facilitating the determination of gene and protein function. The central nervous system develops from the neural tube, an embryonic precursor that is formed early in human gestation, at around 24-28 days following conception. The ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan: evidence for xenohormesis
... chromosomal circular forms of rDNA known as ERCs, which can replicate during S-phase but are inefficiently segregated to daughter cells. As a result, the abundance of ERCs increases exponentially in mother cells at a rate determined by cell division, until they reach more than 1000 copies. The mecha ...
... chromosomal circular forms of rDNA known as ERCs, which can replicate during S-phase but are inefficiently segregated to daughter cells. As a result, the abundance of ERCs increases exponentially in mother cells at a rate determined by cell division, until they reach more than 1000 copies. The mecha ...
Use of Phenylboronic Acids to Investigate Boron
... The only defined physiological role of boron in plants is as a cross-linking molecule involving reversible covalent bonds with cis-diols on either side of borate. Boronic acids, which form the same reversible bonds with cis-diols but cannot cross-link two molecules, were used to selectively disrupt ...
... The only defined physiological role of boron in plants is as a cross-linking molecule involving reversible covalent bonds with cis-diols on either side of borate. Boronic acids, which form the same reversible bonds with cis-diols but cannot cross-link two molecules, were used to selectively disrupt ...
Activation of hilA expression at low pH requires the signal sensor
... sonnei. The authors examined whether the cpxR–cpxA homologues have some function in the expression of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion genes via the regulation of hilA, an activator for these genes. In a Salmonella cpxA mutant, the hilA expression level was reduced to less than 10 % ...
... sonnei. The authors examined whether the cpxR–cpxA homologues have some function in the expression of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion genes via the regulation of hilA, an activator for these genes. In a Salmonella cpxA mutant, the hilA expression level was reduced to less than 10 % ...
The maize mutant narrow sheath fails to establish
... usually dependent upon cell position, rather than cell lineage (reviewed by Steeves and Sussex, 1989; Dawe and Freeling, 1992; van den Berg et al., 1995)). A keynote feature of animal development is the subdivision of organ primordia into developmental compartments (Garcia-Bellido et al., 1973). Fir ...
... usually dependent upon cell position, rather than cell lineage (reviewed by Steeves and Sussex, 1989; Dawe and Freeling, 1992; van den Berg et al., 1995)). A keynote feature of animal development is the subdivision of organ primordia into developmental compartments (Garcia-Bellido et al., 1973). Fir ...
Characterization of transport systems for cysteine, lysine, alanine
... expression of genes within the wool follicle (Powell et al., 1991). The proteins of the fiber are unusual in that they contain from 15 to 37% mol Cys residues (Powell and Rogers, 1994), in contrast to most tissues, which contain from 0.6 to 1.5% mol Cys residues (Beach et al., 1943). Not surprisingl ...
... expression of genes within the wool follicle (Powell et al., 1991). The proteins of the fiber are unusual in that they contain from 15 to 37% mol Cys residues (Powell and Rogers, 1994), in contrast to most tissues, which contain from 0.6 to 1.5% mol Cys residues (Beach et al., 1943). Not surprisingl ...
The Stem Cell Factor Receptor/c-Kit as a Drug Target in
... differences in cell differentiation status, variations in the expression of c-Kit splice forms and by which route Erk is activated downstream of c-Kit, e.g. direct or indirect binding of Grb2/Sos. In fact, SCF-induced Erk activation in hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells is dependent on PI3kinase [6 ...
... differences in cell differentiation status, variations in the expression of c-Kit splice forms and by which route Erk is activated downstream of c-Kit, e.g. direct or indirect binding of Grb2/Sos. In fact, SCF-induced Erk activation in hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells is dependent on PI3kinase [6 ...
Slide 1
... profileration of MSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation Supports direct correlation between activation of Smad3/B-cateninmediated TGF-B1 signaling pathway and its unique biological responses in MSCs ...
... profileration of MSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation Supports direct correlation between activation of Smad3/B-cateninmediated TGF-B1 signaling pathway and its unique biological responses in MSCs ...
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... basic building block of every organism), (2) the cell is the smallest unit with properties of life, and (3) cells can arise only from pre-existing cells. PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 52 TOP: 3.2 THE CHEMICAL ORIGINS OF LIFE ...
... basic building block of every organism), (2) the cell is the smallest unit with properties of life, and (3) cells can arise only from pre-existing cells. PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 52 TOP: 3.2 THE CHEMICAL ORIGINS OF LIFE ...
Morphologic and functional characterization of granulocytes and
... Unlike erythropoiesis, which generates one mature cell type, myelopoiesis is a complex process that generates several cell types: monocytes–macrophages and several types of granulocytes. Teleosts, including cyprinids such as Danio, also have a process of multilineage myelopoiesis for host defense.11 ...
... Unlike erythropoiesis, which generates one mature cell type, myelopoiesis is a complex process that generates several cell types: monocytes–macrophages and several types of granulocytes. Teleosts, including cyprinids such as Danio, also have a process of multilineage myelopoiesis for host defense.11 ...
Antibody Binding to Cryptococcus neoformans Impairs Budding by
... encapsulated microbes, when binding occurs at a certain distance away from the cell. Examples of such direct antimicrobial effects include alterations of microbial metabolic activity, gene expression, quorum sensing, and susceptibility to drugs (2, 3). The physical mechanism(s) of such direct Ab-med ...
... encapsulated microbes, when binding occurs at a certain distance away from the cell. Examples of such direct antimicrobial effects include alterations of microbial metabolic activity, gene expression, quorum sensing, and susceptibility to drugs (2, 3). The physical mechanism(s) of such direct Ab-med ...
An Empirical Study of End-User Behaviour in Spreadsheet Error
... The ubiquity of spreadsheet programs within all levels of management in the business world indicates that important decisions are likely to be made based on the results of these, mainly end-user developed, programs. The financial sector is particularly dependent on spreadsheets [Croll, 2005]. Unfort ...
... The ubiquity of spreadsheet programs within all levels of management in the business world indicates that important decisions are likely to be made based on the results of these, mainly end-user developed, programs. The financial sector is particularly dependent on spreadsheets [Croll, 2005]. Unfort ...
Production and Characterization of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Using
... The role of amylin is not completely comprehended. Part of the problem is understanding the contrast between physiological (normal) and pathological (high) amounts of amylin in the body [6]. At physiological amount, amylin behaves like a growth factor which contributes to bone calcification [6], the ...
... The role of amylin is not completely comprehended. Part of the problem is understanding the contrast between physiological (normal) and pathological (high) amounts of amylin in the body [6]. At physiological amount, amylin behaves like a growth factor which contributes to bone calcification [6], the ...
NADPH oxidases as electrochemical generators to produce ion
... six transmembrane a-helices. EF—Ca2þ-binding EF-hand motif. PRR—proline-rich region, Src homology-3 domain. DUOX1 and DUOX2 were called dual oxidases because they have an additional ‘peroxidase’-like motif at their N-terminus on the outer surface of the membrane [27]. The product of the DUOXs is H2O ...
... six transmembrane a-helices. EF—Ca2þ-binding EF-hand motif. PRR—proline-rich region, Src homology-3 domain. DUOX1 and DUOX2 were called dual oxidases because they have an additional ‘peroxidase’-like motif at their N-terminus on the outer surface of the membrane [27]. The product of the DUOXs is H2O ...
Different Doses of the Enhanced UV
... has relationship with the mitosis of wheat root tip cell. Then, we found that compared with the control group (CK), the low doses of enhanced UV-B group (B1) treatment group mitosis frequency was obviously higher, and produce fewer aberration types, while the high dose of enhanced UV-B treatment gro ...
... has relationship with the mitosis of wheat root tip cell. Then, we found that compared with the control group (CK), the low doses of enhanced UV-B group (B1) treatment group mitosis frequency was obviously higher, and produce fewer aberration types, while the high dose of enhanced UV-B treatment gro ...
Transport functions and physiological significance of 76 kDa Ral
... DNP-SG, GS-HNE, DOX, and colchicine were similar to those of DNP-SG-ATPase. When reconstituted in proteoliposomes, RLIP76 catalyzed ATP dependent, uphill transport of DNP-SG, DOX, colchicines, and daunomycin (Awasthi et al., 2000; 2001c; Singhal et al., 2001). These results indicated that the substr ...
... DNP-SG, GS-HNE, DOX, and colchicine were similar to those of DNP-SG-ATPase. When reconstituted in proteoliposomes, RLIP76 catalyzed ATP dependent, uphill transport of DNP-SG, DOX, colchicines, and daunomycin (Awasthi et al., 2000; 2001c; Singhal et al., 2001). These results indicated that the substr ...
Article Satb2 Regulates Callosal Projection Neuron Identity in the Developing Cerebral Cortex Neuron
... et al., 2005b; Molyneaux et al., 2005; B. Chen and S.K.M., unpublished data). These data suggest that Fezf2 and Ctip2 function in a common pathway that is necessary and sufficient for the specification of subcortical projection neurons in cortical layer 5. Despite the progress above, little is under ...
... et al., 2005b; Molyneaux et al., 2005; B. Chen and S.K.M., unpublished data). These data suggest that Fezf2 and Ctip2 function in a common pathway that is necessary and sufficient for the specification of subcortical projection neurons in cortical layer 5. Despite the progress above, little is under ...
Spemann`s organizer and the self-regulation of
... saline solution) can be blocked by addition of UO126, a chemical inhibitor of the MAPK/Erk pathway. (A) Ectoderm cultured attached to glass can develop extensive neural differentiations. After the initial induction of CNS tissue, differentiations of secondary fields also take place, giving rise to o ...
... saline solution) can be blocked by addition of UO126, a chemical inhibitor of the MAPK/Erk pathway. (A) Ectoderm cultured attached to glass can develop extensive neural differentiations. After the initial induction of CNS tissue, differentiations of secondary fields also take place, giving rise to o ...
Hydrogen peroxide modulates the dynamic microtubule
... Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne pathogen that causes Verticillium wilt in a variety of important plant species worldwide (Bhat & Subbarao 1999). Although the physiology of plant defence against Verticillium infection is well established, comprising the production of the PR proteins, phytoalexin ...
... Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne pathogen that causes Verticillium wilt in a variety of important plant species worldwide (Bhat & Subbarao 1999). Although the physiology of plant defence against Verticillium infection is well established, comprising the production of the PR proteins, phytoalexin ...
Role of Phospholipase D in the cAMP Signal Transduction Pathway
... chain gene and downregulate the endothelin 1 gene (Resnick et al., 1993; Malek et al., 1993). On the other hand, induction of c-los by cardiac myocytes subjected to mechanical stretch was reported to occur primarily through the serum response element (Sadoshima and Izumo, 1993). Most experiments on ...
... chain gene and downregulate the endothelin 1 gene (Resnick et al., 1993; Malek et al., 1993). On the other hand, induction of c-los by cardiac myocytes subjected to mechanical stretch was reported to occur primarily through the serum response element (Sadoshima and Izumo, 1993). Most experiments on ...
Direct Evidence of Active and Rapid Nuclear
... Next we examined whether the rapid nuclear digestion after vacuole rupture is TE-specific or if it occurs even in non-TE when the vacuole of non-TE is forced to rupture. Probenecid, which is known to inhibit organic anion transport (Cole et al., 1990; Oparka et al., 1991; Wright and Oparka, 1994), n ...
... Next we examined whether the rapid nuclear digestion after vacuole rupture is TE-specific or if it occurs even in non-TE when the vacuole of non-TE is forced to rupture. Probenecid, which is known to inhibit organic anion transport (Cole et al., 1990; Oparka et al., 1991; Wright and Oparka, 1994), n ...
The Role of PME-1 in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications
... by conveying cell proliferation, survival, and death signals across the cellular machinery. Protein kinases and phosphatases regulate the phosphorylation status of thousands of proteins in a cell, and thereby maintain a state of homeostasis necessary for normal cell function (Brautigan, 2013; Shi, 2 ...
... by conveying cell proliferation, survival, and death signals across the cellular machinery. Protein kinases and phosphatases regulate the phosphorylation status of thousands of proteins in a cell, and thereby maintain a state of homeostasis necessary for normal cell function (Brautigan, 2013; Shi, 2 ...
Nucleolus-like body of mouse oocytes contains lamin A and B and
... suggested as one of the most universal and evolutionarilyconserved nuclear domains [24, 25]. They primarily represent nuclear storage sites for pre-mRNA splicing factors [3, 26, 27], though extensive studies conducted during the past two decades have introduced the notion that IGC functions are broa ...
... suggested as one of the most universal and evolutionarilyconserved nuclear domains [24, 25]. They primarily represent nuclear storage sites for pre-mRNA splicing factors [3, 26, 27], though extensive studies conducted during the past two decades have introduced the notion that IGC functions are broa ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.