letters - Cytomorpholab
... and molecular functions of the Arabidopsis formin AtFH5. Despite the low identity of AtFH5 to yeast and mammalian formins, the AtFH5 protein interacts with the barbed end of actin filaments and nucleates actin-filament polymerization in vitro, as is the case in yeast and mammals. In vivo, the AtFH5– ...
... and molecular functions of the Arabidopsis formin AtFH5. Despite the low identity of AtFH5 to yeast and mammalian formins, the AtFH5 protein interacts with the barbed end of actin filaments and nucleates actin-filament polymerization in vitro, as is the case in yeast and mammals. In vivo, the AtFH5– ...
observations on luminescence in noctiluca
... 22 to 95 msec (a bright flash possessing a longer duration). The flash of a single cell, lasting 95 msec, had the following temporal characteristics: time to maximum, 20 msec; time to half maximum, 10 msec; decay time from maximum, 70 msec; time of half decay, 20 msec. These figures for response cha ...
... 22 to 95 msec (a bright flash possessing a longer duration). The flash of a single cell, lasting 95 msec, had the following temporal characteristics: time to maximum, 20 msec; time to half maximum, 10 msec; decay time from maximum, 70 msec; time of half decay, 20 msec. These figures for response cha ...
ORDINARy DIFFERENTIAL EqUATIONS AND CELLULAR
... • global interaction (every agent interacts with every other agent); • local interaction (every agent only interacts with a local neighborhood of other agents); • local interaction with some degree of global reach (e.g., small-world networks). Agents' behaviors are determined by rules. These rules r ...
... • global interaction (every agent interacts with every other agent); • local interaction (every agent only interacts with a local neighborhood of other agents); • local interaction with some degree of global reach (e.g., small-world networks). Agents' behaviors are determined by rules. These rules r ...
Characterization of Chloroplast Division Using the Arabidopsis
... Leaf primordial cells from arc5 are shown in Figure 4b and cells from Landsberg erecta seedlings are shown in Figure 4d. The number of chloroplast profiles per cell is similar in wild-type and arc5 cells. There is also little difference in plastid morphology, internal thylakoid membrane structure, o ...
... Leaf primordial cells from arc5 are shown in Figure 4b and cells from Landsberg erecta seedlings are shown in Figure 4d. The number of chloroplast profiles per cell is similar in wild-type and arc5 cells. There is also little difference in plastid morphology, internal thylakoid membrane structure, o ...
Role of CD26-adenosine deaminase interaction in T cell
... ecto-ADA co-localize on the cell surface but not inside the cells. This indicates that CD26 does not transport ADA to the T cell plasma membrane. Also, when murine cells transfected with human CD26 are co-cultured with CD26 deficient human cells, murine cells are able to acquire human ADA on their s ...
... ecto-ADA co-localize on the cell surface but not inside the cells. This indicates that CD26 does not transport ADA to the T cell plasma membrane. Also, when murine cells transfected with human CD26 are co-cultured with CD26 deficient human cells, murine cells are able to acquire human ADA on their s ...
Did trypanosomatid parasites have photosynthetic
... phylogenetically widespread within the group and tend to have diverse feeding apparatuses, feeding strategies and prey preferences. For instance, some predatory species are limited to small prey, such as bacteria (e.g. Bodo and Entosiphon), whereas other species frequently consume larger prey, such ...
... phylogenetically widespread within the group and tend to have diverse feeding apparatuses, feeding strategies and prey preferences. For instance, some predatory species are limited to small prey, such as bacteria (e.g. Bodo and Entosiphon), whereas other species frequently consume larger prey, such ...
A mutant Escherichia coli that attaches peptidoglycan to
... can be reduced to leave more free D-Ala-D-Ala residues within the established cell wall structure (Sieradzki and Tomasz, 1997). It was not immediately apparent to us that any of these strategies could be employed in E. coli since virtually all of the terminal D-Ala residues of DPP are removed either ...
... can be reduced to leave more free D-Ala-D-Ala residues within the established cell wall structure (Sieradzki and Tomasz, 1997). It was not immediately apparent to us that any of these strategies could be employed in E. coli since virtually all of the terminal D-Ala residues of DPP are removed either ...
The Arabidopsis trichome is an active mechanosensory switch
... trichome viewed from the side shows more extreme features of buckling and bulging, with a trough clearly evident inside the bulge. See more details in Supporting Information Movie S2. (d) Three views of one trichome compressed moderately from above help visualize details of buckling, with good views ...
... trichome viewed from the side shows more extreme features of buckling and bulging, with a trough clearly evident inside the bulge. See more details in Supporting Information Movie S2. (d) Three views of one trichome compressed moderately from above help visualize details of buckling, with good views ...
Enhanced intracellular Ca concentrations in and after addition
... elicitation (Radman et al. 2004). Elicitors also effect the transcription of genes for antibiotic biosynthesis (Murphy et al. 2007 b; Nair et al. 2009). However, a possible mechanism by which elicitors cause these changes has yet to be defined. Ca2+ is widely recognised as a secondary messenger that ...
... elicitation (Radman et al. 2004). Elicitors also effect the transcription of genes for antibiotic biosynthesis (Murphy et al. 2007 b; Nair et al. 2009). However, a possible mechanism by which elicitors cause these changes has yet to be defined. Ca2+ is widely recognised as a secondary messenger that ...
Novel Insights into Vacuole-mediated Control of Plant Growth and
... and degradation of cellular content delivered by endosomal trafficking and autophagy pathways. Intriguingly, vacuolar and autophagic processes have been implicated in hormone signaling during growth and immune responses, and in the regulation of programmed cell death (PCD). However, the molecular pl ...
... and degradation of cellular content delivered by endosomal trafficking and autophagy pathways. Intriguingly, vacuolar and autophagic processes have been implicated in hormone signaling during growth and immune responses, and in the regulation of programmed cell death (PCD). However, the molecular pl ...
Regeneration in the aging peripheral nervous system The Harvard
... reduced lifespan) (Kenyon, 2005). Furthering the significance of the insulin pathway in aging, other components of the insulin signaling pathway have been perturbed across a variety of species, all with the result that "turning down" insulin signaling has a beneficial effect on longevity (Figure 1.1 ...
... reduced lifespan) (Kenyon, 2005). Furthering the significance of the insulin pathway in aging, other components of the insulin signaling pathway have been perturbed across a variety of species, all with the result that "turning down" insulin signaling has a beneficial effect on longevity (Figure 1.1 ...
Bacterial cheating drives the population dynamics of
... map (Figure 1B) relating the fraction of resistant cells at the end and beginning of each day. As expected, the difference equation is non-monotonic as a result of the ‘overshoot’ discussed previously, and the equilibrium fraction can be obtained by finding where the difference equation map crosses ...
... map (Figure 1B) relating the fraction of resistant cells at the end and beginning of each day. As expected, the difference equation is non-monotonic as a result of the ‘overshoot’ discussed previously, and the equilibrium fraction can be obtained by finding where the difference equation map crosses ...
Place cell references - The University of Texas at Dallas
... function consisting of two normal functions by means of the EM algorithm. The results show that the two components hypothesis is well applicable in each data set. The C1 at DG is advanced to CA1 in phase by 0.2 theta cycle (as shown in the figure), which strongly suggests that C1 is generated at an ...
... function consisting of two normal functions by means of the EM algorithm. The results show that the two components hypothesis is well applicable in each data set. The C1 at DG is advanced to CA1 in phase by 0.2 theta cycle (as shown in the figure), which strongly suggests that C1 is generated at an ...
insight on the molecular mechanisms that control the expression of
... The correct perception of nociceptive inputs relies on the proper neuronal connection between specialized receptors in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and neurons in the superficial laminas of the dorsal spinal cord. One gene intimately related with the establishment of this circuit is Prrxl1, which e ...
... The correct perception of nociceptive inputs relies on the proper neuronal connection between specialized receptors in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and neurons in the superficial laminas of the dorsal spinal cord. One gene intimately related with the establishment of this circuit is Prrxl1, which e ...
Plant development, auxin, and the subsystem
... Three decades ago, the genotype-phenotype relationship was described as follows: “Concerning our understanding of morphological evolution, the consensus view emerged that present knowledge about genome function is not sufficient to make a large direct contribution. We do not know the mechanisms by wh ...
... Three decades ago, the genotype-phenotype relationship was described as follows: “Concerning our understanding of morphological evolution, the consensus view emerged that present knowledge about genome function is not sufficient to make a large direct contribution. We do not know the mechanisms by wh ...
Exploring glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes
... primary walls are the fundamental textural component of plant-derived foods, especially abundant in plant-derived beverages [8]. ...
... primary walls are the fundamental textural component of plant-derived foods, especially abundant in plant-derived beverages [8]. ...
NF-kB as a primary regulator of the stress response
... levels of the IkBs in a given cell type will in¯uence the characteristics of NF-kB activation. The IkBs provide yet another tier of regulatory complexity to modulate NF-kB-mediated gene expression. NF-kB activation pathway Selective, regulated, protein degradation, like protein synthesis and protein ...
... levels of the IkBs in a given cell type will in¯uence the characteristics of NF-kB activation. The IkBs provide yet another tier of regulatory complexity to modulate NF-kB-mediated gene expression. NF-kB activation pathway Selective, regulated, protein degradation, like protein synthesis and protein ...
Monopolar spindle attachment of sister chromatids is ensured by two
... because monopolar attachment relies on the complex chromosomal organization also involving homologous chromosomes. To further understand the mechanism of monopolar attachment, it is important to assess the contribution of homologous chromosomes to monopolar attachment. Fission yeast is a good model ...
... because monopolar attachment relies on the complex chromosomal organization also involving homologous chromosomes. To further understand the mechanism of monopolar attachment, it is important to assess the contribution of homologous chromosomes to monopolar attachment. Fission yeast is a good model ...
Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein Isoforms as Markers for Vacuolar Functions
... Distribution of Different TIPs in Root Tip Cells We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its ...
... Distribution of Different TIPs in Root Tip Cells We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its ...
as a PDF
... Distribution of Different TIPs in Root Tip Cells We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its ...
... Distribution of Different TIPs in Root Tip Cells We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its ...
Cotto J. Fox S. Morimoto R . HSF1 granules
... a general diffuse nuclear staining pattern under control conditions (Fig. 3C). Upon heat shock, mHSF1-Flag (Fig. 3E) localizes to the same granules detected with the monoclonal antibodies which recognize human HSF1 (Fig. 3D and F). Similar results of co-localization were observed using HSF1GFP (Fig. ...
... a general diffuse nuclear staining pattern under control conditions (Fig. 3C). Upon heat shock, mHSF1-Flag (Fig. 3E) localizes to the same granules detected with the monoclonal antibodies which recognize human HSF1 (Fig. 3D and F). Similar results of co-localization were observed using HSF1GFP (Fig. ...
cellular respiration webquest
... paragraphs last week on the test: introductory sentence, lots of details in the body of the paragraph, and a concluding sentence. Use additional paper if you need to. In your response: State the function of cellular respiration Identify the site of cellular respiration Compare aerobic and anae ...
... paragraphs last week on the test: introductory sentence, lots of details in the body of the paragraph, and a concluding sentence. Use additional paper if you need to. In your response: State the function of cellular respiration Identify the site of cellular respiration Compare aerobic and anae ...
1 Introduction of autophagy
... • Bcl-2: It is well known that Bcl-2 is a protein that inhibits apoptosis. A recent study found that Bcl-2 can inhibit the expression of Beclin-1 after coupling with Beclin-1, resulting in weaken level of autophagy. Separating Bcl-2 from Beclin-1 promotes autophagy and inhibits apoptosis. ...
... • Bcl-2: It is well known that Bcl-2 is a protein that inhibits apoptosis. A recent study found that Bcl-2 can inhibit the expression of Beclin-1 after coupling with Beclin-1, resulting in weaken level of autophagy. Separating Bcl-2 from Beclin-1 promotes autophagy and inhibits apoptosis. ...
The bacterial divisome: ready for its close-up
... would be very hard to identify by genetic or biochemical methods because of transient interactions and/or modest phenotypes when inactivated. To understand more about divisome structure, several avenues have been taken. One successful approach identified which divisome proteins could still properly ...
... would be very hard to identify by genetic or biochemical methods because of transient interactions and/or modest phenotypes when inactivated. To understand more about divisome structure, several avenues have been taken. One successful approach identified which divisome proteins could still properly ...
Liposome
... The lipid film obtained was dispersed in PBS containing hLf and incubated for 5 hours at room temperature to facilitate the annealing process. Five freeze - thaw cycles were performed to obtain a suitable size (about 200 nm) and a high efficiency of hLf incorporation in multivesicular liposomes (mul ...
... The lipid film obtained was dispersed in PBS containing hLf and incubated for 5 hours at room temperature to facilitate the annealing process. Five freeze - thaw cycles were performed to obtain a suitable size (about 200 nm) and a high efficiency of hLf incorporation in multivesicular liposomes (mul ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.