Computational modelling of mitotic exit in budding yeast: the role of
... the ectopic induction of TEV and it is required for the downregulation of PP2ACdc55 phosphatase—an inhibitor of both FEAR and MEN [11]. A mathematical model with reduced number of components was developed previously for the budding yeast ME transition from metaphase (i.e. high Cdk1 activity) to G1 ( ...
... the ectopic induction of TEV and it is required for the downregulation of PP2ACdc55 phosphatase—an inhibitor of both FEAR and MEN [11]. A mathematical model with reduced number of components was developed previously for the budding yeast ME transition from metaphase (i.e. high Cdk1 activity) to G1 ( ...
The Development of Radial and Biradial Symmetry: The Evolution of
... FIG. 1. The normal body plan of the two phyla of the "Radiata," cnidarians (A, B) and ctenophores (C, D). Both phyla are "diploblastic" and possess an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis (darkly shaded) separated by a largely acellular mesoglea. The cnidarians generally have multiple planes of mi ...
... FIG. 1. The normal body plan of the two phyla of the "Radiata," cnidarians (A, B) and ctenophores (C, D). Both phyla are "diploblastic" and possess an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis (darkly shaded) separated by a largely acellular mesoglea. The cnidarians generally have multiple planes of mi ...
Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of
... Fibronectin was localized using peroxidase and biotin-avidin-ferritin techniques in developmental stages of the chick embryo from laying to primitive streak formation. The primary location of fibronectin at all stages examined was the basal lamina of the epiblast and its associated extracellular mat ...
... Fibronectin was localized using peroxidase and biotin-avidin-ferritin techniques in developmental stages of the chick embryo from laying to primitive streak formation. The primary location of fibronectin at all stages examined was the basal lamina of the epiblast and its associated extracellular mat ...
Pathogenesis of respiratory infections caused by Mycoplasma dispar
... substances present in the secretions that line the airways and alveolar walls (Sleigh et al., 1988). These secretions contain components such as surfactant, bacteriostatic iron-containing compounds, complement fractions, and gamma globulin (Roitt, 1988). Cellular factors involved in the defense of t ...
... substances present in the secretions that line the airways and alveolar walls (Sleigh et al., 1988). These secretions contain components such as surfactant, bacteriostatic iron-containing compounds, complement fractions, and gamma globulin (Roitt, 1988). Cellular factors involved in the defense of t ...
Spore Formation Bacillus subtilis during Compartmentalization of
... morphogenesis. The two major phases of compartmentalization are associated with two major morphological events, completion of septation and completion of engulfment. Consequently, we start with a brief description of the morphological changes during sporulation. We discuss in depth the events leadin ...
... morphogenesis. The two major phases of compartmentalization are associated with two major morphological events, completion of septation and completion of engulfment. Consequently, we start with a brief description of the morphological changes during sporulation. We discuss in depth the events leadin ...
Transcriptome Analysis of Proliferating
... a third phase of endosperm development, which is marked by a migration of nuclei to the chalazal region, leading to the formation of chalazal nodules and cysts. Toward the end of this phase, the endosperm consists of approximately 200 nucleocytoplasmic domains and the embryo reaches the globular sta ...
... a third phase of endosperm development, which is marked by a migration of nuclei to the chalazal region, leading to the formation of chalazal nodules and cysts. Toward the end of this phase, the endosperm consists of approximately 200 nucleocytoplasmic domains and the embryo reaches the globular sta ...
Short-Lived and Phosphorylated Proteins
... pharmacological agent to be tested or the organic solvents ethanol or DMSO (maximum 0.1% by volume), which were used to solubilize the agent (control experiments). At intervals, 2-mL samples were pipetted and added to 2 mL of uptake buffer containing labeled plus or minus unlabeled auxin, and then a ...
... pharmacological agent to be tested or the organic solvents ethanol or DMSO (maximum 0.1% by volume), which were used to solubilize the agent (control experiments). At intervals, 2-mL samples were pipetted and added to 2 mL of uptake buffer containing labeled plus or minus unlabeled auxin, and then a ...
Molecular - College of Biological Sciences
... For the analysis of centrosomal accumulation of Mps1, we correlated the localization of GFP-Mps1 with the position of centrosomes as follows. HeLa cells were sequentially transfected with control or Cdk2-specific siRNAs followed by various GFP-Mps1 constructs, arrested in S phase with a 24-h HU trea ...
... For the analysis of centrosomal accumulation of Mps1, we correlated the localization of GFP-Mps1 with the position of centrosomes as follows. HeLa cells were sequentially transfected with control or Cdk2-specific siRNAs followed by various GFP-Mps1 constructs, arrested in S phase with a 24-h HU trea ...
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... and observed autophagic puncta overlapping with peroxisomal markers. As seedlings mature, pexophagy may have a role in peroxisomal quality control. This suggestion is supported by the results from another forward genetic screen performed by Dr. Mikio Nishimura’s group (Shibata et al., 2013). These a ...
... and observed autophagic puncta overlapping with peroxisomal markers. As seedlings mature, pexophagy may have a role in peroxisomal quality control. This suggestion is supported by the results from another forward genetic screen performed by Dr. Mikio Nishimura’s group (Shibata et al., 2013). These a ...
Spt4 modulates Rad26 requirement in transcription
... which suggests that the Rad26 requirement in TCR is dependent on the type of transcription, which differs from site to site within a single gene. These conditions may be generated by the mode of transcription taking place at that particular position. Transcription is a tightly regulated process that ...
... which suggests that the Rad26 requirement in TCR is dependent on the type of transcription, which differs from site to site within a single gene. These conditions may be generated by the mode of transcription taking place at that particular position. Transcription is a tightly regulated process that ...
Fibroblast growth factor during mesoderm induction
... dose-dependent manner (Table 1 and Fig. 4). Pregastrula blastoderms when grown in the presence of heparin at a dose of 50/.igm\~l were incapable of forming a primitive streak in 42 % of cases and when treated with heparin at 100/UgmF1 in 72% of cases ...
... dose-dependent manner (Table 1 and Fig. 4). Pregastrula blastoderms when grown in the presence of heparin at a dose of 50/.igm\~l were incapable of forming a primitive streak in 42 % of cases and when treated with heparin at 100/UgmF1 in 72% of cases ...
MsEnod12A Expression Is Linked to Meristematic Activity
... major types of nodule differentiation, the indeterminate and determinate nodule types. For development of indeterminate nodules, such as observed on alfalfa and pea, cortical cell divisions are initiated in the inner cortex. A persistent meristem develops at the distal nodule end, generating a gradi ...
... major types of nodule differentiation, the indeterminate and determinate nodule types. For development of indeterminate nodules, such as observed on alfalfa and pea, cortical cell divisions are initiated in the inner cortex. A persistent meristem develops at the distal nodule end, generating a gradi ...
Reciprocal myocardial-endocardial interactions
... 14 h of incubation the locations and the fates of the implanted cells were examined. Importantly, the overall function and morphology of these hearts was preserved following manipulation. Implanted cells were contracting in the cardiac jelly of host embryos (supplementary material Movie 5), suggesti ...
... 14 h of incubation the locations and the fates of the implanted cells were examined. Importantly, the overall function and morphology of these hearts was preserved following manipulation. Implanted cells were contracting in the cardiac jelly of host embryos (supplementary material Movie 5), suggesti ...
Characterization and Biological Activities of Ocellatin Peptides from
... favors α-helix formation at the N-terminal region, together with Gly8 (ocellatins-PT4, -PT6, -PT7, and -PT-8), while the presence of Ile3 (ocellatin-PT3) or Asp8 (ocellatins-PT1 and -PT2) decreases the α-helix content (Figures S4 and S5A). This could be related to antimicrobial activity against E. c ...
... favors α-helix formation at the N-terminal region, together with Gly8 (ocellatins-PT4, -PT6, -PT7, and -PT-8), while the presence of Ile3 (ocellatin-PT3) or Asp8 (ocellatins-PT1 and -PT2) decreases the α-helix content (Figures S4 and S5A). This could be related to antimicrobial activity against E. c ...
CXCR4 and CXCR7 Have Distinct Functions in Regulating
... genes are critical for interneuron migration and differentiation. For example, mice lacking Dlx1/2 show a block in the migration of most cortical and hippocampal interneurons (Anderson et al., 1997a; Pleasure et al., 2000). Mice lacking Dlx1 show defects in dendrite-innervating interneurons (Cobos e ...
... genes are critical for interneuron migration and differentiation. For example, mice lacking Dlx1/2 show a block in the migration of most cortical and hippocampal interneurons (Anderson et al., 1997a; Pleasure et al., 2000). Mice lacking Dlx1 show defects in dendrite-innervating interneurons (Cobos e ...
Direct binding of Nur77/NAK-1 to the plasminogen activator inhibitor
... the specific bands were retarded in the gel, identifying the presence of Nur77 in the complex(es) bound to the labeled oligonucleotide (Figure 2A, lane 5). The human T-cell leukemia cell line JURKAT is known to express significant levels of Nur77 only after stimulation,41 and indeed nuclear extracts ...
... the specific bands were retarded in the gel, identifying the presence of Nur77 in the complex(es) bound to the labeled oligonucleotide (Figure 2A, lane 5). The human T-cell leukemia cell line JURKAT is known to express significant levels of Nur77 only after stimulation,41 and indeed nuclear extracts ...
The Arf and Rab11 effector FIP3 acts synergistically with ASAP1 to
... containing Rab11a, the Arf GTPase-activating protein (GAP) ASAP1 and the Arf-Rab11 effector FIP3 (also known as RAB11FIP3) (Mazelova et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2012). The rhodopsin sequence encodes at least two ciliary targeting motifs, the VxPx and the FR, and they are conserved among other ciliary ...
... containing Rab11a, the Arf GTPase-activating protein (GAP) ASAP1 and the Arf-Rab11 effector FIP3 (also known as RAB11FIP3) (Mazelova et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2012). The rhodopsin sequence encodes at least two ciliary targeting motifs, the VxPx and the FR, and they are conserved among other ciliary ...
HIC-5 Is a Novel Repressor of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor/T
... been identified. They all contain a conserved -catenin-binding motif at the N terminus and a highly conserved high mobility group box for DNA binding. The core sequence between these motifs is less conserved and contributes to the specific properties of the individual family members. To identify in ...
... been identified. They all contain a conserved -catenin-binding motif at the N terminus and a highly conserved high mobility group box for DNA binding. The core sequence between these motifs is less conserved and contributes to the specific properties of the individual family members. To identify in ...
Notochord vacuoles are lysosome-related organelles that function in
... a thick extracellular perinotochordal basement membrane, whereas the inner cells form large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles. The vacuoles occupy the majority of the volume of the inner cells with diameters of up to 40 µm. Notochord vacuoles have been described in nearly every embryonic vertebrat ...
... a thick extracellular perinotochordal basement membrane, whereas the inner cells form large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles. The vacuoles occupy the majority of the volume of the inner cells with diameters of up to 40 µm. Notochord vacuoles have been described in nearly every embryonic vertebrat ...
Notochord vacuoles are lysosome-related organelles that function in
... a thick extracellular perinotochordal basement membrane, whereas the inner cells form large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles. The vacuoles occupy the majority of the volume of the inner cells with diameters of up to 40 µm. Notochord vacuoles have been described in nearly every embryonic vertebrat ...
... a thick extracellular perinotochordal basement membrane, whereas the inner cells form large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles. The vacuoles occupy the majority of the volume of the inner cells with diameters of up to 40 µm. Notochord vacuoles have been described in nearly every embryonic vertebrat ...
Core Transcriptional Regulatory Circuit Controlled by the
... To identify the regulatory network controlled by the TAL1 transcriptional complex in human T-ALL cells, we performed ChIPseq analysis for TAL1 and its regulatory partners HEB, E2A, GATA3, RUNX1, and LMO1/2 in Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells, which express high levels of LMO1 and LMO2, respectively (Figure ...
... To identify the regulatory network controlled by the TAL1 transcriptional complex in human T-ALL cells, we performed ChIPseq analysis for TAL1 and its regulatory partners HEB, E2A, GATA3, RUNX1, and LMO1/2 in Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells, which express high levels of LMO1 and LMO2, respectively (Figure ...
Title Molecular Pathways: The Role of Primary Cilia in Cancer
... The details of the dynamic regulation of entry and exit of Hh pathway proteins into and out of the cilia are just now being unraveled. There are three Gli proteins (Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3) encoded by distinct genes. These Gli proteins are post-translationally processed into repressor (with the exceptio ...
... The details of the dynamic regulation of entry and exit of Hh pathway proteins into and out of the cilia are just now being unraveled. There are three Gli proteins (Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3) encoded by distinct genes. These Gli proteins are post-translationally processed into repressor (with the exceptio ...
Extracellular ATP Functions as an
... ATP is a vital molecule used by living organisms as a universal source of energy required to drive the cogwheels of intracellular biochemical reactions necessary for growth and development. Animal cells release ATP to the extracellular milieu, where it functions as the primary signaling cue at the e ...
... ATP is a vital molecule used by living organisms as a universal source of energy required to drive the cogwheels of intracellular biochemical reactions necessary for growth and development. Animal cells release ATP to the extracellular milieu, where it functions as the primary signaling cue at the e ...
Differential expression and regulation of two distinct
... to both aFGF and bFGF in the 45Ca2+ efflux assays. Interestingly, FGFR-4 binds aFGF with high affinity but it does not bind bFGF (Partanen et al., 1991). The development of the amphibian embryo involves a series of inductive events. The first of these is thought to be mesoderm induction, which is be ...
... to both aFGF and bFGF in the 45Ca2+ efflux assays. Interestingly, FGFR-4 binds aFGF with high affinity but it does not bind bFGF (Partanen et al., 1991). The development of the amphibian embryo involves a series of inductive events. The first of these is thought to be mesoderm induction, which is be ...
Dissection of Cell Division Processes in the One Cell Stage
... We attempted to analyze each single-allele locus of the collection, two independent alleles for loci represented by two or three alleles, and three independent alleles for loci represented by four or more alleles. However, 13 strains representing mutations in 10 loci could not be analyzed for the fo ...
... We attempted to analyze each single-allele locus of the collection, two independent alleles for loci represented by two or three alleles, and three independent alleles for loci represented by four or more alleles. However, 13 strains representing mutations in 10 loci could not be analyzed for the fo ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.