Exocytosis acts as a modulator of the ILT4
... were found colocalized into neutrophil lipid rafts. Moreover, neutrophil degranulation induced through inflammatory stimuli increased ILT4 expression as a result of the rapid translocation of an intracellular pool to the cell surface. Consequently to this ILT4 upregulation, the human leukocyte antige ...
... were found colocalized into neutrophil lipid rafts. Moreover, neutrophil degranulation induced through inflammatory stimuli increased ILT4 expression as a result of the rapid translocation of an intracellular pool to the cell surface. Consequently to this ILT4 upregulation, the human leukocyte antige ...
Functions of mammalian microRNA in innate immunity to microbial
... plasma membrane associated lipopolysaccharide receptor TLR4, thereby preventing a premature macrophage inflammatory response, miR-155 stayed strictly coupled to ...
... plasma membrane associated lipopolysaccharide receptor TLR4, thereby preventing a premature macrophage inflammatory response, miR-155 stayed strictly coupled to ...
Collagen accumulation in osteosarcoma cells lacking GLT25D1
... GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 genes in osteosarcoma cells delineated the role of glycosylation in collagen expression and intracellular trafficking. Defective glycosylation had no impact on the rate of collagen secretion and triple helix thermal stability. By contrast, the loss of the main collagen galactosyl ...
... GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 genes in osteosarcoma cells delineated the role of glycosylation in collagen expression and intracellular trafficking. Defective glycosylation had no impact on the rate of collagen secretion and triple helix thermal stability. By contrast, the loss of the main collagen galactosyl ...
alters cell wall construction
... Along with worldwide industrial development, the production of heavy metals has increased rapidly. Heavy metals affect numerous metabolic and/or developmental processes in all living organisms. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic non-essential heavy metals and has become a major environmental poll ...
... Along with worldwide industrial development, the production of heavy metals has increased rapidly. Heavy metals affect numerous metabolic and/or developmental processes in all living organisms. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic non-essential heavy metals and has become a major environmental poll ...
Intraflagellar transport molecules in ciliary and nonciliary cells of the
... retinal extracts, which was not observed in analyses of testis samples (Fig. S1, A and C). This band might be caused by a splice variant of IFT52, which is expressed in the retina but is absent in testis. The retina is composed of well-defined layers consisting of specific cell types or even at subc ...
... retinal extracts, which was not observed in analyses of testis samples (Fig. S1, A and C). This band might be caused by a splice variant of IFT52, which is expressed in the retina but is absent in testis. The retina is composed of well-defined layers consisting of specific cell types or even at subc ...
Mechanisms of Host Plant Infection by the Parasitic Angiosperm
... themselves by photosynthesis. Therefore, in order to survive and reproduce, these highly adapted parasites infect other plants to steal their water and nutrients. They do so by developing specialized infection organs called haustoria that, in a successful infection, grow into the tissue of the host ...
... themselves by photosynthesis. Therefore, in order to survive and reproduce, these highly adapted parasites infect other plants to steal their water and nutrients. They do so by developing specialized infection organs called haustoria that, in a successful infection, grow into the tissue of the host ...
The ultrastructure of chilling stress
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
Kratsch, H.A . and R.R. Wise. 2000. The ultrastructure of chilling stress. Plant, Cell Environment 23: 337-350.
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
Mechanosensitive Channels:
... techniques, two distinct mechanosensitive channels have been identified from Escherichia Coli (1,2). These two channels were given the names Mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) and Mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) because they had conductance of 1nS and 3nS respe ...
... techniques, two distinct mechanosensitive channels have been identified from Escherichia Coli (1,2). These two channels were given the names Mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) and Mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) because they had conductance of 1nS and 3nS respe ...
The Crabtree Effect: A Review
... T H E P R E S E N C E OF A C R A B T R E E EFFECT IN TISSUE OTHER THAN E H R L I C H ASCITES Table 1 summarizes some of the essential factors concerning the characteristics of the Crabtree effect in a variety of tissues. The tissues listed in the table are divided into three groups. Group A includes ...
... T H E P R E S E N C E OF A C R A B T R E E EFFECT IN TISSUE OTHER THAN E H R L I C H ASCITES Table 1 summarizes some of the essential factors concerning the characteristics of the Crabtree effect in a variety of tissues. The tissues listed in the table are divided into three groups. Group A includes ...
Tissue Engineered Human Skin Equivalents
... damage of diameter larger than 4 cm is difficult to heal [34]. Skin autografts are harvested from uninjured areas and then applied to the excised or debrided areas of the wounded skin of the same individual. Upon application of the skin graft, the capillary network of the wound will merge with the s ...
... damage of diameter larger than 4 cm is difficult to heal [34]. Skin autografts are harvested from uninjured areas and then applied to the excised or debrided areas of the wounded skin of the same individual. Upon application of the skin graft, the capillary network of the wound will merge with the s ...
Dispersal of Golgi matrix proteins during mitotic Golgi
... 15 for interphase and 40 for metaphase cells, were taken at a step size of 0.3 µm. Images were deconvolved using SoftWorx (Applied Precision). Deconvolved manually cropped sections were assembled into a 3D image using Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA). The background value subtracted from each vox ...
... 15 for interphase and 40 for metaphase cells, were taken at a step size of 0.3 µm. Images were deconvolved using SoftWorx (Applied Precision). Deconvolved manually cropped sections were assembled into a 3D image using Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA). The background value subtracted from each vox ...
Spatial organization of the epithelium and the role of neural crest
... dentine-secreting odontoblasts. Experimental analysis of odontogenic tissue interactions in mammalian embryos has focused on the late developmental stages of morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation; little is known about initial pattern-forming events, during which presumptive tooth-forming cells are ...
... dentine-secreting odontoblasts. Experimental analysis of odontogenic tissue interactions in mammalian embryos has focused on the late developmental stages of morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation; little is known about initial pattern-forming events, during which presumptive tooth-forming cells are ...
Emergent Synchronous Bursting of Oxytocin Neuronal Network
... cells and (in virgin rats) about 3.2 ng of oxytocin, about 95% of which is in the dendrites [11]. Oxytocin cells have 2–5 dendrites, several hundred micrometres long, which are filled with neurosecretory vesicles that can also be released by exocytosis [12]. In a virgin rat, each cell has .10,000 ve ...
... cells and (in virgin rats) about 3.2 ng of oxytocin, about 95% of which is in the dendrites [11]. Oxytocin cells have 2–5 dendrites, several hundred micrometres long, which are filled with neurosecretory vesicles that can also be released by exocytosis [12]. In a virgin rat, each cell has .10,000 ve ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... cardiomyocytes during the first weeks after birth are characterized by downregulation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) related to G1/S and G2/M transition and upregulation of G1 phase–related cyclins and CDKs.5 Cyclins belong to a family of proteins, which control the progression of ce ...
... cardiomyocytes during the first weeks after birth are characterized by downregulation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) related to G1/S and G2/M transition and upregulation of G1 phase–related cyclins and CDKs.5 Cyclins belong to a family of proteins, which control the progression of ce ...
Cell adhesion and cell mechanics during zebrafish
... The movie is processed and originally provided by [1] ...
... The movie is processed and originally provided by [1] ...
The Development of Radial and Biradial Symmetry: The Evolution of
... that display rudimentarily discrete cleavage programs. Experiments by Freeman (1983) have also shown that some trachyline hydrozoans and the bilaterally symmetrical siphonophores also segregate developmental potential via the early cleavage divisions. In one, but not all species of siphonophore, fir ...
... that display rudimentarily discrete cleavage programs. Experiments by Freeman (1983) have also shown that some trachyline hydrozoans and the bilaterally symmetrical siphonophores also segregate developmental potential via the early cleavage divisions. In one, but not all species of siphonophore, fir ...
β-catenin: a key mediator of Wnt signaling Karl
... A model for Wnt/wg signaling. β-catenin is represented by the black dumb-bell shape. (a) In the absence of a Wnt signal, Dishevelled is inactive (Dshi) and Drosophila Zeste-white 3 or its mammalian homolog glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Zw3/GSK3) is active. Phosphorylation of β-catenin, possibly by Zw3 ...
... A model for Wnt/wg signaling. β-catenin is represented by the black dumb-bell shape. (a) In the absence of a Wnt signal, Dishevelled is inactive (Dshi) and Drosophila Zeste-white 3 or its mammalian homolog glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Zw3/GSK3) is active. Phosphorylation of β-catenin, possibly by Zw3 ...
FERRITIN: A POTENT INHIBITOR OF VASCULAR CALCIFICATION
... The H-chain has ferroxidase activity that is essential to prevent cellular damage provoked by reactive oxygen species. This site catalyzes the oxidation of Fe(II) with the production of H2O2, which is used as an oxidant for further oxidation of Fe(II). Thus, the ferroxidase activity can consume bot ...
... The H-chain has ferroxidase activity that is essential to prevent cellular damage provoked by reactive oxygen species. This site catalyzes the oxidation of Fe(II) with the production of H2O2, which is used as an oxidant for further oxidation of Fe(II). Thus, the ferroxidase activity can consume bot ...
PDF
... mammalian cells, the ricin A chain modifies the 28 S rRNA, inactivating the ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis (Endo and Tsurugi, 1988). In leech embryos, the ricin-injected cells cease cleaving but do not lyse, which minimizes the effect of the perturbation on the geometry of the embryos (N ...
... mammalian cells, the ricin A chain modifies the 28 S rRNA, inactivating the ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis (Endo and Tsurugi, 1988). In leech embryos, the ricin-injected cells cease cleaving but do not lyse, which minimizes the effect of the perturbation on the geometry of the embryos (N ...
The Development of Radial and Biradial Symmetry: The Evolution of
... that display rudimentarily discrete cleavage programs. Experiments by Freeman (1983) have also shown that some trachyline hydrozoans and the bilaterally symmetrical siphonophores also segregate developmental potential via the early cleavage divisions. In one, but not all species of siphonophore, fir ...
... that display rudimentarily discrete cleavage programs. Experiments by Freeman (1983) have also shown that some trachyline hydrozoans and the bilaterally symmetrical siphonophores also segregate developmental potential via the early cleavage divisions. In one, but not all species of siphonophore, fir ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... redox-sensitive tracers2, including Mo isotopes7, have been interpreted as evidence for oxygenic photosynthesis as early as 2.9 Ga, and N isotopes support denitrification by 2.7 Ga8. These data collectively introduce a conundrum: if oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria) were present long b ...
... redox-sensitive tracers2, including Mo isotopes7, have been interpreted as evidence for oxygenic photosynthesis as early as 2.9 Ga, and N isotopes support denitrification by 2.7 Ga8. These data collectively introduce a conundrum: if oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria) were present long b ...
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll)
... • Increase in anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. • In most cases, the cells are monoclonal B lymphocytes that are CD5+ • Intermediate stage between pre-B and mature B-cell. • T cell CLL can occur rarely ...
... • Increase in anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. • In most cases, the cells are monoclonal B lymphocytes that are CD5+ • Intermediate stage between pre-B and mature B-cell. • T cell CLL can occur rarely ...
Endosomes/Lysosomes in Macrophages Fusion between
... responsible for phagocyte binding to apoptotic cells have been proposed (reviewed in Refs. 4, 12, and 13). Immunity is central to the self-defense mechanism, which can be divided into the innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate immunity is defined as a mechanism by which self and non-self are d ...
... responsible for phagocyte binding to apoptotic cells have been proposed (reviewed in Refs. 4, 12, and 13). Immunity is central to the self-defense mechanism, which can be divided into the innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate immunity is defined as a mechanism by which self and non-self are d ...
Thesis-1972D-H792p
... It should be pointed out that compounds such as penicillin, vancomycin, or D-amino acids which inhibit division activity and cell wall synthesis do not impair DNA synthesis (Grula et al., 1968), Other investigators, (Weidel, Frank, and Martin, 1964) have equated inhibition of cell division, in the p ...
... It should be pointed out that compounds such as penicillin, vancomycin, or D-amino acids which inhibit division activity and cell wall synthesis do not impair DNA synthesis (Grula et al., 1968), Other investigators, (Weidel, Frank, and Martin, 1964) have equated inhibition of cell division, in the p ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.