MAPK-mediated Phosphorylation of GATA-1 Promotes Expression and Cell Survival* Bcl-X □
... species of GATA-1 (M-GATA-1) is evident (Fig. 1A, top panel). Accumulation of this modified form of GATA-1 was maximal after 10 –20 min of IL-3 induction (Fig. 1A, compare lanes 2 and 3 with lane 1) and declined thereafter to the basal level (Fig. 1A, lane 5). The phosphorylation status and total pr ...
... species of GATA-1 (M-GATA-1) is evident (Fig. 1A, top panel). Accumulation of this modified form of GATA-1 was maximal after 10 –20 min of IL-3 induction (Fig. 1A, compare lanes 2 and 3 with lane 1) and declined thereafter to the basal level (Fig. 1A, lane 5). The phosphorylation status and total pr ...
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... Klotz and Stein [26] redrew the nitrogen cycle with emphasis on the early incomplete denitrification and ammonification as the driving forces for emergence of anammox to form a basis for a complete nitrogen cycle. They also suggested that in the early anaerobic nitrogen metabolism, hydroxylamine (NH ...
... Klotz and Stein [26] redrew the nitrogen cycle with emphasis on the early incomplete denitrification and ammonification as the driving forces for emergence of anammox to form a basis for a complete nitrogen cycle. They also suggested that in the early anaerobic nitrogen metabolism, hydroxylamine (NH ...
Introduction Wnt signaling in development
... The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of metazoan development. Wnt signaling controls cell fate specification and proliferation by regulating the expression of specific target genes and also controls cell polarity and migration by directly modulating the cytoskeleton (Cadigan and Nu ...
... The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of metazoan development. Wnt signaling controls cell fate specification and proliferation by regulating the expression of specific target genes and also controls cell polarity and migration by directly modulating the cytoskeleton (Cadigan and Nu ...
Failsafe Mechanisms Coordinate Cell Division and the Initiation of
... DNA replication termination to division (the “D period,” analogous to mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotes) (Figure 2A) [3]. This view of the cell cycle is complicated when cells are grown in rich ...
... DNA replication termination to division (the “D period,” analogous to mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotes) (Figure 2A) [3]. This view of the cell cycle is complicated when cells are grown in rich ...
Construction of the yeast whole-cell Rhizopus oryzae lipase
... genetic manipulation and easy production procedure (by cultivation and centrifugation only); thus they are more favorable than immobilized enzymes (Shibasaki et al., 2009). Yeast cell surface display systems have been widely studied, and many heterologous enzymes have been displayed on yeast cell su ...
... genetic manipulation and easy production procedure (by cultivation and centrifugation only); thus they are more favorable than immobilized enzymes (Shibasaki et al., 2009). Yeast cell surface display systems have been widely studied, and many heterologous enzymes have been displayed on yeast cell su ...
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... against chordin (see Fig. S2E-G in the supplementary material) (Oelgeschläger et al., 2003), which is consistent with the idea that neural induction by Syn4 is BMP independent. Furthermore, this induction of Sox2 is cell-autonomous to the descendants of the injected cell, as revealed by co-injection ...
... against chordin (see Fig. S2E-G in the supplementary material) (Oelgeschläger et al., 2003), which is consistent with the idea that neural induction by Syn4 is BMP independent. Furthermore, this induction of Sox2 is cell-autonomous to the descendants of the injected cell, as revealed by co-injection ...
Pax3
... of the whole 674-bp NCE in e10.5 transgenic embryos (13). In addition, both NCE1 and NCE2 contain a binding site for Pou class III members, and mutation of these sites leads to reduced NT activity of the 1.6-kb promoter in e9.5 transgenic embryos (15). On the other hand, Pax3 expression is induced b ...
... of the whole 674-bp NCE in e10.5 transgenic embryos (13). In addition, both NCE1 and NCE2 contain a binding site for Pou class III members, and mutation of these sites leads to reduced NT activity of the 1.6-kb promoter in e9.5 transgenic embryos (15). On the other hand, Pax3 expression is induced b ...
Isoform 5 of PIPKIc regulates the endosomal trafficking and
... pathways, including epsin, AP180, dynamin, sorting nexins (SNXs), ARFs and clathrin adaptor protein complexes (Carlton et al., 2005; Carlton and Cullen, 2005; Martin, 2001; Schill and Anderson, 2009a; Seet and Hong, 2006). Collectively, PI(4,5)P2 is a potent regulatory molecule in diverse cellular s ...
... pathways, including epsin, AP180, dynamin, sorting nexins (SNXs), ARFs and clathrin adaptor protein complexes (Carlton et al., 2005; Carlton and Cullen, 2005; Martin, 2001; Schill and Anderson, 2009a; Seet and Hong, 2006). Collectively, PI(4,5)P2 is a potent regulatory molecule in diverse cellular s ...
CASK (LIN2) interacts with Cx43 in wounded skin and their
... tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify Cx43 interacting proteins (Singh and Lampe, 2003). Briefly, the Cterminal tail of Cx43 (amino acid residues 246–382) fused to GST was incubated with whole cell lysates from normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. After washing, elution and trypsinization, pepti ...
... tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify Cx43 interacting proteins (Singh and Lampe, 2003). Briefly, the Cterminal tail of Cx43 (amino acid residues 246–382) fused to GST was incubated with whole cell lysates from normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. After washing, elution and trypsinization, pepti ...
Exploiting the chick embryonic environment to reprogram
... gland; and others non-neural, such as the meninges and tail. Cells injected at E6 do not show such targeting, integrating into various tissues such as the liver, kidney and meninges. The cells respond to their respective microenvironments, and in sympathetic ganglia some cells differentiate, show re ...
... gland; and others non-neural, such as the meninges and tail. Cells injected at E6 do not show such targeting, integrating into various tissues such as the liver, kidney and meninges. The cells respond to their respective microenvironments, and in sympathetic ganglia some cells differentiate, show re ...
Syntaxin of Plant Proteins SYP123 and SYP132 Mediate Root Hair
... characteristically extend from root hair cells. This type of tipfocused growth, called ‘tip growth’, requires polarization of the cytoplasm and unidirectional membrane trafficking to the tip region. During root hair development, newly synthesized proteins, lipids and cell wall materials are delivere ...
... characteristically extend from root hair cells. This type of tipfocused growth, called ‘tip growth’, requires polarization of the cytoplasm and unidirectional membrane trafficking to the tip region. During root hair development, newly synthesized proteins, lipids and cell wall materials are delivere ...
Left–right asymmetry: cilia stir up new surprises in the node
... Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like organelles that project from the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play critical roles in cellular motility, fluid transport and a variety of signal transduction pathways. While we have a good appreciation of the mechanisms of ciliary biogenesis and the det ...
... Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like organelles that project from the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play critical roles in cellular motility, fluid transport and a variety of signal transduction pathways. While we have a good appreciation of the mechanisms of ciliary biogenesis and the det ...
AtMYB41 activates ectopic suberin synthesis and assembly in
... related to plant cuticle biosynthesis have been identified and characterized. These include members of the AP2/EREBP, the HD-ZIP IV, the WW domain-containing, and the R2-R3 MYB transcription factor or co-activator families (Yeats and Rose, 2013). Regulators of cuticle biosynthesis related to mRNA st ...
... related to plant cuticle biosynthesis have been identified and characterized. These include members of the AP2/EREBP, the HD-ZIP IV, the WW domain-containing, and the R2-R3 MYB transcription factor or co-activator families (Yeats and Rose, 2013). Regulators of cuticle biosynthesis related to mRNA st ...
Plasma Membrane Ghosts Form Differently When Produced from
... Fig. 1-5 Three types of tobacco BY-2 membrane ghosts were characterized by their cytoskeletal organization, based on the simultaneous immunolabeling of actin and microtubules. Type I ghosts (1,2) were typically round and retained both actin (A) and microtubules (B), showing that both elements of the ...
... Fig. 1-5 Three types of tobacco BY-2 membrane ghosts were characterized by their cytoskeletal organization, based on the simultaneous immunolabeling of actin and microtubules. Type I ghosts (1,2) were typically round and retained both actin (A) and microtubules (B), showing that both elements of the ...
Chicken Acidic Leucine-rich EGF-like Domain Containing Brain
... he differentiation of the nervous system is the result of a complex series of cell communications mediated by molecules shown to participate in different aspects of development such as mitogenic signaling, differentiation of precursor cells into neurons and glial cells, outgrowth and pathfinding of ...
... he differentiation of the nervous system is the result of a complex series of cell communications mediated by molecules shown to participate in different aspects of development such as mitogenic signaling, differentiation of precursor cells into neurons and glial cells, outgrowth and pathfinding of ...
Spatiotemporal distribution of different extracellular polymeric
... compare samples from wild-type and/or mutant cells, cultivated in different conditions, against each other. The observed differences are usually attributed to the altered environmental condition. However, sometimes only the biofilm evolution rate is altered, and not its intrinsic features or evoluti ...
... compare samples from wild-type and/or mutant cells, cultivated in different conditions, against each other. The observed differences are usually attributed to the altered environmental condition. However, sometimes only the biofilm evolution rate is altered, and not its intrinsic features or evoluti ...
Impact of invertase overexpression on cell size
... epidermis and mesophyll cells. In contrast, turgor and osmotic pressure remained largely constant during rapid stem elongation in darkness ( Kutschera, 1991a, b). Since stem elongation is accompanied by a corresponding accumulation of soluble sugars, it was proposed that uptake of hexoses into expan ...
... epidermis and mesophyll cells. In contrast, turgor and osmotic pressure remained largely constant during rapid stem elongation in darkness ( Kutschera, 1991a, b). Since stem elongation is accompanied by a corresponding accumulation of soluble sugars, it was proposed that uptake of hexoses into expan ...
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... the posterior aspect of the ganglion to establish the PP nerve. The appearance of these processes coincided approximately in time and location with the formation of two transient, ventrolateral stripes of N lineage-derived cells near the posterior ganglionic boundary; cells in the anterior stripe ex ...
... the posterior aspect of the ganglion to establish the PP nerve. The appearance of these processes coincided approximately in time and location with the formation of two transient, ventrolateral stripes of N lineage-derived cells near the posterior ganglionic boundary; cells in the anterior stripe ex ...
Proteins that contain a functional Z-DNA
... in their localization to stress granules. We additionally show that the Za domain from other Z-DNAbinding proteins (ZBP1, E3L) is likewise sufficient for localization to stress granules. Finally, we show that Z-RNA or Z-DNA binding is important for stress granule localization. We have thus identifie ...
... in their localization to stress granules. We additionally show that the Za domain from other Z-DNAbinding proteins (ZBP1, E3L) is likewise sufficient for localization to stress granules. Finally, we show that Z-RNA or Z-DNA binding is important for stress granule localization. We have thus identifie ...
Gap Junctional Communication in the Extraembryonic Tissues of the
... has been detected in many types of embryonic and adult cells from a large number of multicellular organisms (1, 3). It has been suggested that the ubiquitous presence of gap junctions from early stages of embryogenesis is consistent with a role in growth regulation, development, and/or pattern forma ...
... has been detected in many types of embryonic and adult cells from a large number of multicellular organisms (1, 3). It has been suggested that the ubiquitous presence of gap junctions from early stages of embryogenesis is consistent with a role in growth regulation, development, and/or pattern forma ...
Mitochondrial behaviour throughout the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma
... eukaryotic single-cell parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The lytic cycle, driven by the tachyzoite life stage, is responsible for acute toxoplasmosis. It is known that whilst inside a host cell the tachyzoite maintains its single mitochondrion at its periphery. We found that upon parasite transition from ...
... eukaryotic single-cell parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The lytic cycle, driven by the tachyzoite life stage, is responsible for acute toxoplasmosis. It is known that whilst inside a host cell the tachyzoite maintains its single mitochondrion at its periphery. We found that upon parasite transition from ...
lecture43.pps
... The same mutations typically have major phenotypic consequences in an intact multicellular organism This implies that many of the major roles of cell surface/secreted glycans involve cellcell or extracellular interactions Nuclear/cytosolic glycans may play more cell-intrinsic roles e.g., in signa ...
... The same mutations typically have major phenotypic consequences in an intact multicellular organism This implies that many of the major roles of cell surface/secreted glycans involve cellcell or extracellular interactions Nuclear/cytosolic glycans may play more cell-intrinsic roles e.g., in signa ...
Comparison of Methods for Estimating Unbound Intracellular
... Animal Bridging Research Organization. Three lots of liver samples were pooled and homogenized in 66.7 mM isotonic phosphate buffer at 1:3 (w/v) producing 25% homogenates. By diluting these homogenates, 12.5% and 6.25% homogenates were also prepared. Diazepam, pitavastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvast ...
... Animal Bridging Research Organization. Three lots of liver samples were pooled and homogenized in 66.7 mM isotonic phosphate buffer at 1:3 (w/v) producing 25% homogenates. By diluting these homogenates, 12.5% and 6.25% homogenates were also prepared. Diazepam, pitavastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvast ...
Association between border cell responses and localized root
... reported that zoospores are attracted to specific sites on the pea root surface immediately behind the root cap (Cunningham and Hagedorn, 1962). The 5,4’-dihydroxy7-methoxy-isoflavone compound, also called prunetin, present in pea root and exudates was found to be strongly involved in attracting zoo ...
... reported that zoospores are attracted to specific sites on the pea root surface immediately behind the root cap (Cunningham and Hagedorn, 1962). The 5,4’-dihydroxy7-methoxy-isoflavone compound, also called prunetin, present in pea root and exudates was found to be strongly involved in attracting zoo ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.