Archaea Topics in Biodiversity
... in geysers, black smokers, and oil wells. Other viable environments include very cold environments and highly saline, acidic, or alkaline media. For example, Picrophilus torridus, an extreme archaean acidophile, thrives at pH of essentially zero, equivalent to a 1.2-molar concentration of sulfuric a ...
... in geysers, black smokers, and oil wells. Other viable environments include very cold environments and highly saline, acidic, or alkaline media. For example, Picrophilus torridus, an extreme archaean acidophile, thrives at pH of essentially zero, equivalent to a 1.2-molar concentration of sulfuric a ...
Thesis-1972D-H792p
... It should be pointed out that compounds such as penicillin, vancomycin, or D-amino acids which inhibit division activity and cell wall synthesis do not impair DNA synthesis (Grula et al., 1968), Other investigators, (Weidel, Frank, and Martin, 1964) have equated inhibition of cell division, in the p ...
... It should be pointed out that compounds such as penicillin, vancomycin, or D-amino acids which inhibit division activity and cell wall synthesis do not impair DNA synthesis (Grula et al., 1968), Other investigators, (Weidel, Frank, and Martin, 1964) have equated inhibition of cell division, in the p ...
The physical basis of active mechanosensitivity by the hair
... currents show no sign of fast adaptation or Ca2þ sensitivity [42]. Alternatively, a protein associated with the channel may change conformation [31] or reduce its stiffness [43] to relax tip-link tension and in turn allow channel reclosure. The involvement of myosin 1c in fast adaptation points to t ...
... currents show no sign of fast adaptation or Ca2þ sensitivity [42]. Alternatively, a protein associated with the channel may change conformation [31] or reduce its stiffness [43] to relax tip-link tension and in turn allow channel reclosure. The involvement of myosin 1c in fast adaptation points to t ...
The identification of transcription factors expressed in the notochord
... Ciona intestinalis at various stages of embryonic development. Four of these transcription factors, Fos-a, NFAT5, AFF and Klf15, have not been directly associated with the notochord in previous studies, while the others, including Spalt-like-a, Lmx-like, and STAT5/6-b, display evolutionarily conserv ...
... Ciona intestinalis at various stages of embryonic development. Four of these transcription factors, Fos-a, NFAT5, AFF and Klf15, have not been directly associated with the notochord in previous studies, while the others, including Spalt-like-a, Lmx-like, and STAT5/6-b, display evolutionarily conserv ...
Mobiluncus gen. nov. Mobiluncus curtisii subsp. curtisii sp. nov
... and B . gracilis, by 0.3% arginine hydrochloride for growth of Eubacterium lentum, and by 1%glucose for growth of all other organisms. The pH of each medium was adjusted to 7.0 0.2. The bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation at 4,810 x g for 10 min at 4°C. The resulting cell pellets were f ...
... and B . gracilis, by 0.3% arginine hydrochloride for growth of Eubacterium lentum, and by 1%glucose for growth of all other organisms. The pH of each medium was adjusted to 7.0 0.2. The bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation at 4,810 x g for 10 min at 4°C. The resulting cell pellets were f ...
Chapter ONE - VU Research Portal
... phosphorylate pRb, thereby relieving the repression of E2F (Hinds et al., 1992). The synthesis of D-type cyclins is dependent on mitogenic signalling and during the early stages of G1 phase mitogens are needed in order to continue to cycle. Once enough cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes are active, pRb is ph ...
... phosphorylate pRb, thereby relieving the repression of E2F (Hinds et al., 1992). The synthesis of D-type cyclins is dependent on mitogenic signalling and during the early stages of G1 phase mitogens are needed in order to continue to cycle. Once enough cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes are active, pRb is ph ...
Regions of interest properties Nucleus properties Cell properties
... Definiens Tissue Studio 3 provides morphological fingerprints and biomarker expression profiles per slides, regions, vessels, cells or sub-cellular compartments. These detailed readouts can, for example, be correlated to patient outcome or therapy response to identify clinically relevant predictors. ...
... Definiens Tissue Studio 3 provides morphological fingerprints and biomarker expression profiles per slides, regions, vessels, cells or sub-cellular compartments. These detailed readouts can, for example, be correlated to patient outcome or therapy response to identify clinically relevant predictors. ...
Innate antiviral defense of zebrafish : from signalling to specialized
... subset of ISGs. In zebrafish there are two PLZF orthologues likely due to the wholegenome duplication event that occurred during the early evolution of teleosts. I found that zebrafish Plzf’s are involved in IFN induction in IRF3 signalling axis. This finding highlights transcription factor versatil ...
... subset of ISGs. In zebrafish there are two PLZF orthologues likely due to the wholegenome duplication event that occurred during the early evolution of teleosts. I found that zebrafish Plzf’s are involved in IFN induction in IRF3 signalling axis. This finding highlights transcription factor versatil ...
Epstein-Barr virus exploits intrinsic B-lymphocyte
... more frequently at promoter sites, 29% and 18%, than other TF complexes, which were 7% to 13% at promoter sites. Moreover, these complexes at promoters were associated not only with higher H3K4me3 and lower H3K27me3 signals, but were also associated with higher P300 and highest PolII signals. These ...
... more frequently at promoter sites, 29% and 18%, than other TF complexes, which were 7% to 13% at promoter sites. Moreover, these complexes at promoters were associated not only with higher H3K4me3 and lower H3K27me3 signals, but were also associated with higher P300 and highest PolII signals. These ...
The tumor suppressor Scrib interacts with the zyxin
... At the heart of structural and functional integrity of multicellular entities is the ability of each and every cell of it to successfully integrate signals arising from soluble factors, cell-substratum adhesion and cell-cell adhesion [1]. Correct processing of these signals allows appropriate cellul ...
... At the heart of structural and functional integrity of multicellular entities is the ability of each and every cell of it to successfully integrate signals arising from soluble factors, cell-substratum adhesion and cell-cell adhesion [1]. Correct processing of these signals allows appropriate cellul ...
Flamingo controls the planar polarity of sensory
... Bingwei Lu*, Tadao Usui†, Tadashi Uemura‡, Lily Jan* and Yuh-Nung Jan* The sensory bristles of the fruit fly Drosophila are organized in a polarized fashion such that bristles on the thorax point posteriorly. These bristles are derived from asymmetric division of sensory organ precursors (SOPs). The ...
... Bingwei Lu*, Tadao Usui†, Tadashi Uemura‡, Lily Jan* and Yuh-Nung Jan* The sensory bristles of the fruit fly Drosophila are organized in a polarized fashion such that bristles on the thorax point posteriorly. These bristles are derived from asymmetric division of sensory organ precursors (SOPs). The ...
Ann Rev of Physiol, v 63, pp. 847-869
... and refinement of neural circuits that occur during postembryonic development. Homeostatic mechanisms may also ensure that neurons in all areas of the brain continue to function appropriately throughout life. Most neural circuits remain robust throughout life. During this time, most cellular compone ...
... and refinement of neural circuits that occur during postembryonic development. Homeostatic mechanisms may also ensure that neurons in all areas of the brain continue to function appropriately throughout life. Most neural circuits remain robust throughout life. During this time, most cellular compone ...
Head muscle development - The Company of Biologists
... suggests that the mechanisms that underlie somitic and nonsomitic muscle development may be fundamentally different. Unfortunately, the regulation of muscle development from pre-otic mesoderm is largely enigmatic. Cranial neural crest cells, which provide all the connective tissue and tendons in the ...
... suggests that the mechanisms that underlie somitic and nonsomitic muscle development may be fundamentally different. Unfortunately, the regulation of muscle development from pre-otic mesoderm is largely enigmatic. Cranial neural crest cells, which provide all the connective tissue and tendons in the ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 Contributes to N-Methyl-D-aspartate
... (COX; for a review, see Smith et al., 1991). There are two known COX isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which are 90% similar in amino acid sequence and 60% homologous (Smith and DeWitt 1995). Although the isoforms catalyze the same reaction, the genes encoding the different isoforms differ in their regulat ...
... (COX; for a review, see Smith et al., 1991). There are two known COX isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which are 90% similar in amino acid sequence and 60% homologous (Smith and DeWitt 1995). Although the isoforms catalyze the same reaction, the genes encoding the different isoforms differ in their regulat ...
pdf, 1.1 MB - The Nebenführ Lab
... disappears. This event not only marks the separation of the two daughter cells, but also initiates a range of biochemical modifications that transform the calloserich, flexible cell plate into a cellulose-rich, stiff primary cell wall. In highly vacuolated cells these common mechanisms of cytokinesi ...
... disappears. This event not only marks the separation of the two daughter cells, but also initiates a range of biochemical modifications that transform the calloserich, flexible cell plate into a cellulose-rich, stiff primary cell wall. In highly vacuolated cells these common mechanisms of cytokinesi ...
Cytokinesis defines a spatial landmark for hepatocyte polarization
... midbody and a bile canaliculus, the midbody was closely associated with the bile canaliculus membrane (Fig. 3C,D; cf. Fig. 4E). Moreover, the bile canaliculus membrane was constricted at the midbody position (Fig. 3C), suggesting that the pre-existing (the ‘mother’) bile canaliculus is incompletely ...
... midbody and a bile canaliculus, the midbody was closely associated with the bile canaliculus membrane (Fig. 3C,D; cf. Fig. 4E). Moreover, the bile canaliculus membrane was constricted at the midbody position (Fig. 3C), suggesting that the pre-existing (the ‘mother’) bile canaliculus is incompletely ...
PDF
... et al., 2003; Schwend and Ahlgren, 2009). Although clearly crucial for vertebrate head development, how pouches achieve their stereotyped positions and morphologies remains poorly understood. Given the importance of pouches in craniofacial development, it is not surprising that mutations in genes th ...
... et al., 2003; Schwend and Ahlgren, 2009). Although clearly crucial for vertebrate head development, how pouches achieve their stereotyped positions and morphologies remains poorly understood. Given the importance of pouches in craniofacial development, it is not surprising that mutations in genes th ...
The EMBO Journal (2002) 21, 1704–1712
... noticed that, in the presence of Mdm2, the amount of overexpressed Tip60 was reduced. We thus intended to study whether this effect was specific for Tip60 and was not due to any effect on transcription or translation from the Tip60 expression vector. We transfected U2OS cells with CMV-driven express ...
... noticed that, in the presence of Mdm2, the amount of overexpressed Tip60 was reduced. We thus intended to study whether this effect was specific for Tip60 and was not due to any effect on transcription or translation from the Tip60 expression vector. We transfected U2OS cells with CMV-driven express ...
Regulation of leg size and shape by the Dachsous
... Regeneration depends on the recognition of tissue loss and the subsequent restoration of the relevant structure. Many insights into the mechanisms underlying such regeneration processes have been obtained from studies on limb regeneration in urodeles (for reviews, see Nye et al., 2003; Brockes and K ...
... Regeneration depends on the recognition of tissue loss and the subsequent restoration of the relevant structure. Many insights into the mechanisms underlying such regeneration processes have been obtained from studies on limb regeneration in urodeles (for reviews, see Nye et al., 2003; Brockes and K ...
PDF
... Regeneration depends on the recognition of tissue loss and the subsequent restoration of the relevant structure. Many insights into the mechanisms underlying such regeneration processes have been obtained from studies on limb regeneration in urodeles (for reviews, see Nye et al., 2003; Brockes and K ...
... Regeneration depends on the recognition of tissue loss and the subsequent restoration of the relevant structure. Many insights into the mechanisms underlying such regeneration processes have been obtained from studies on limb regeneration in urodeles (for reviews, see Nye et al., 2003; Brockes and K ...
Shape and position of the node and notochord along
... development of the left–right axis of asymmetry (Pulina et al., 2011). In order to determine the function of integrin a5 during left–right axis formation, we examined formation of the mouse node in integrin a5-null mutants using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found that the node is formed ab ...
... development of the left–right axis of asymmetry (Pulina et al., 2011). In order to determine the function of integrin a5 during left–right axis formation, we examined formation of the mouse node in integrin a5-null mutants using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found that the node is formed ab ...
Possible Involvement of Phosphoinositide-Ca
... widely accepted that the expression of a-amylase is regulated by phytohormones, such as gibberellin and ABA and by metabolic sugars at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional steps (Mitsui and Itoh 1997, Ritchie and Gilroy 1998a). Accumulated evidence has suggested that Ca 2+ and calmodulin ...
... widely accepted that the expression of a-amylase is regulated by phytohormones, such as gibberellin and ABA and by metabolic sugars at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional steps (Mitsui and Itoh 1997, Ritchie and Gilroy 1998a). Accumulated evidence has suggested that Ca 2+ and calmodulin ...
NIH Public Access
... While replay continued into the final rest, we observed minimal replay activity for either environment during the first rest session of the day. The pair-wise regression yielded a significantly lower R2 value than for all subsequent behavioral sessions (regression R2 = 0.025; compared to quiescence ...
... While replay continued into the final rest, we observed minimal replay activity for either environment during the first rest session of the day. The pair-wise regression yielded a significantly lower R2 value than for all subsequent behavioral sessions (regression R2 = 0.025; compared to quiescence ...
Effects of Organic Cations on the Gram-negative Cell
... Ga.), S. typhi ggg2v and 12839 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Escherichia coli was obtained as ATCC 10536 and used in the earlier part of this work; after the observation that this culture produced acid but no gas from glucose or lactose, it was replaced with a fresh, gas-f ...
... Ga.), S. typhi ggg2v and 12839 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Escherichia coli was obtained as ATCC 10536 and used in the earlier part of this work; after the observation that this culture produced acid but no gas from glucose or lactose, it was replaced with a fresh, gas-f ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.