05_Microb_biofilm_I_2014
... by means of fimbriae (type IV pilli of Pseudomonas aeruginosa) divergent – continuous layer of cells forms convergent – aggregates develop, even of different species (e.g. coaggregation of Streptococcus gordonii + Fusobacterium nucleatum in dental plaque) ...
... by means of fimbriae (type IV pilli of Pseudomonas aeruginosa) divergent – continuous layer of cells forms convergent – aggregates develop, even of different species (e.g. coaggregation of Streptococcus gordonii + Fusobacterium nucleatum in dental plaque) ...
Electron Microscopy of Intermediate Filaments: Teaming up with
... method was employed to visualize the fine details of neurofilaments being crossbridged to microtubules (Hirokawa, 1982) as well as those of keratin IFs and microfilaments in the terminal web from mouse intestinal epithelial cells (Hirokawa et al., 1982). The involvement of plectin in the interaction ...
... method was employed to visualize the fine details of neurofilaments being crossbridged to microtubules (Hirokawa, 1982) as well as those of keratin IFs and microfilaments in the terminal web from mouse intestinal epithelial cells (Hirokawa et al., 1982). The involvement of plectin in the interaction ...
Genetic modification of wood quality for second
... source of cellulose.39 There are two distinct types of native crystalline cellulose: Iα and Iβ.40,41 They differ from each other in the manner of chain packing. Type Iα has a one-chain triclinic unit cell, whereas type Iβ has a two-chain monoclinic unit cell.42 Type Iβ is more stable and more diffic ...
... source of cellulose.39 There are two distinct types of native crystalline cellulose: Iα and Iβ.40,41 They differ from each other in the manner of chain packing. Type Iα has a one-chain triclinic unit cell, whereas type Iβ has a two-chain monoclinic unit cell.42 Type Iβ is more stable and more diffic ...
galls on Prionitis lanceolata (Rhodophyta)
... bacterium was only partially characterized, and there was no indication as to the purity of the isolate. This same bacterium was also considered by Cantacuzene (1930) to cause abnormal growths on Chondrus crispus and certain other red algae. In this study bacteria were observed only in the intercell ...
... bacterium was only partially characterized, and there was no indication as to the purity of the isolate. This same bacterium was also considered by Cantacuzene (1930) to cause abnormal growths on Chondrus crispus and certain other red algae. In this study bacteria were observed only in the intercell ...
Exosome Biogenesis, Regulation, and Function in Viral Infection
... in viral infection far beyond assisting with the assembly of enveloped viruses. In this review we explain how exosomes are part of the endocytic pathway and how their biogenesis is regulated. We also discuss the different strategies used by viruses to subvert these regulatory mechanisms for their ow ...
... in viral infection far beyond assisting with the assembly of enveloped viruses. In this review we explain how exosomes are part of the endocytic pathway and how their biogenesis is regulated. We also discuss the different strategies used by viruses to subvert these regulatory mechanisms for their ow ...
VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES ELICIT ENHANCED IMMUNITY TO
... both alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells of VLP-exposed mice processed both a model antigen, and influenza virus in the lungs and TBLNs significantly earlier than controls. Additionally, VLP-primed CD11c+ cells that trafficked in a CCR2-dependent manner, and upregulated T cell co-stimulatory mo ...
... both alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells of VLP-exposed mice processed both a model antigen, and influenza virus in the lungs and TBLNs significantly earlier than controls. Additionally, VLP-primed CD11c+ cells that trafficked in a CCR2-dependent manner, and upregulated T cell co-stimulatory mo ...
Expression of and Cytokine Activation by Eschevichia coli Curi
... Curli are a novel class of bacterial surface structures, expressed in both Escherichia coli and Salmonella, that are characterized by their ability to bind serum protein fibronectin [10, 11]. Colonies of curli-expressing strains typically stain positive for Congo red, allowing for an initial rapid s ...
... Curli are a novel class of bacterial surface structures, expressed in both Escherichia coli and Salmonella, that are characterized by their ability to bind serum protein fibronectin [10, 11]. Colonies of curli-expressing strains typically stain positive for Congo red, allowing for an initial rapid s ...
Drosophila center divider Gene Is Expressed in CNS Midline Cells
... during embryonic development is tightly regulated by post-translational modification. Often, cell±cell interactions or extracellular morphogens trigger signal transduction cascades that lead to those alterations. Most prominent in post-translational modification during cellular signaling is protein ...
... during embryonic development is tightly regulated by post-translational modification. Often, cell±cell interactions or extracellular morphogens trigger signal transduction cascades that lead to those alterations. Most prominent in post-translational modification during cellular signaling is protein ...
- Wiley Online Library
... maintenance and the development of different cell files in Arabidopsis have been well studied (reviewed by IyerPascuzzi and Benfey, 2009), while knowledge of these processes in rice, the monocot model plant, remains limited. Auxin is crucial to many aspects of plant development, including lateral an ...
... maintenance and the development of different cell files in Arabidopsis have been well studied (reviewed by IyerPascuzzi and Benfey, 2009), while knowledge of these processes in rice, the monocot model plant, remains limited. Auxin is crucial to many aspects of plant development, including lateral an ...
the signaling role of the accessory receptors cd2 and cd6 in t cell
... identified and cloned, including isoforms lacking domain 1 or domain 3. Ensuing studies showed that the differential expression of the SRCR domain 3 resulted in a remarkable functional difference: whereas full-length CD6 targeted to the immunological synapse, CD6∆d3 was unable to localize at the T c ...
... identified and cloned, including isoforms lacking domain 1 or domain 3. Ensuing studies showed that the differential expression of the SRCR domain 3 resulted in a remarkable functional difference: whereas full-length CD6 targeted to the immunological synapse, CD6∆d3 was unable to localize at the T c ...
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis
... located in the OMM). The VDAC is normally permeable to solutes of up to 5 kDa, thereby allowing the free exchange of respiratory-chain substrates such as NADH, FADH and ATP/ADP between the mitochondrial intermembrane space and the cytosol. In contrast, the IMM is almost impermeable — a feature that ...
... located in the OMM). The VDAC is normally permeable to solutes of up to 5 kDa, thereby allowing the free exchange of respiratory-chain substrates such as NADH, FADH and ATP/ADP between the mitochondrial intermembrane space and the cytosol. In contrast, the IMM is almost impermeable — a feature that ...
Sharing In The Swap Shop - Memes, Groups and Altruism
... information when cells die, this means that barriers to resource sharing, which are created by the C meme, persist and reduce the optimality of the population. Figure 2 shows a typical simulation run. 4.3 Experiment C – The Majority Benefits At Minorities Expense Through Strong Altruism When resourc ...
... information when cells die, this means that barriers to resource sharing, which are created by the C meme, persist and reduce the optimality of the population. Figure 2 shows a typical simulation run. 4.3 Experiment C – The Majority Benefits At Minorities Expense Through Strong Altruism When resourc ...
Nociceptor and Hair Cell Transducer Properties of TRPA1, a
... a cooling sensation, and by temperatures ⱕ17°C, and thus is proposed to be the painful cold receptor (Story et al., 2003). A more general role in pain is also consistent with reports that TRPA1 is expressed by a larger percentage of neonatal rat trigeminal ganglia neurons (Jordt et al., 2004) and th ...
... a cooling sensation, and by temperatures ⱕ17°C, and thus is proposed to be the painful cold receptor (Story et al., 2003). A more general role in pain is also consistent with reports that TRPA1 is expressed by a larger percentage of neonatal rat trigeminal ganglia neurons (Jordt et al., 2004) and th ...
Chloroplast anchoring: its implications for the
... There have been a couple of reports examining a possible causal relationship between actin organization and the motility and/or positioning of chloroplasts (Takagi, 2000). In protonemal cells of a fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris, circular arrays of actin filaments associated with each chloroplast ap ...
... There have been a couple of reports examining a possible causal relationship between actin organization and the motility and/or positioning of chloroplasts (Takagi, 2000). In protonemal cells of a fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris, circular arrays of actin filaments associated with each chloroplast ap ...
DNA REPLICATION CHECKPOINT CONTROL 7. Acknowledgments
... Chk1 was first described to bind and phosphorylate Cdc25 in both fission yeast and human cells, following DNA damage (36, 45, 46). Recently, Cds1 has also been shown to phosphorylate Cdc25 on the same sites as Chk1 (33, 34, 47). This phosphorylation regulates the activity of Cdc25 in at least two wa ...
... Chk1 was first described to bind and phosphorylate Cdc25 in both fission yeast and human cells, following DNA damage (36, 45, 46). Recently, Cds1 has also been shown to phosphorylate Cdc25 on the same sites as Chk1 (33, 34, 47). This phosphorylation regulates the activity of Cdc25 in at least two wa ...
İpekböceği, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)`nin
... and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), are existed by almost all organisms 1-4. However, small amounts of sialic acid have been reported in a few insect species 5-14. Sialic acids are involved in numerous biological properties of glycoconjugates, some of which are modulated by sialic acid modificat ...
... and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), are existed by almost all organisms 1-4. However, small amounts of sialic acid have been reported in a few insect species 5-14. Sialic acids are involved in numerous biological properties of glycoconjugates, some of which are modulated by sialic acid modificat ...
Debeer S et al, 2013
... and the anti-filaggrin antibody AKH1, indentifying keratohyalin granules of the granular cell layer, were unreactive on porcine skin. Langerhans cells (LC) ...
... and the anti-filaggrin antibody AKH1, indentifying keratohyalin granules of the granular cell layer, were unreactive on porcine skin. Langerhans cells (LC) ...
The Role of Lysosomes in Molluscan Inflammation1
... This conclusion, however, was later Having ascertained that there are two emended by Cheng and Foley (1975) who general categories of circulating molluscan studied the fine structure of these cells. hemocytes, the next question that needed The basis of their drawing the conclusion to be answered was ...
... This conclusion, however, was later Having ascertained that there are two emended by Cheng and Foley (1975) who general categories of circulating molluscan studied the fine structure of these cells. hemocytes, the next question that needed The basis of their drawing the conclusion to be answered was ...
A Pd8 Tetrafacial Molecular Barrel as Carrier for Water Insoluble
... evolved as a powerful approach to achieve discrete nanometer-sized molecular architectures.1 After the successful synthesis of the famous “molecular square” in 1990 via this approach, the next two decades have seen a tremendous growth in this field with the introduction of numerous fascinating twodim ...
... evolved as a powerful approach to achieve discrete nanometer-sized molecular architectures.1 After the successful synthesis of the famous “molecular square” in 1990 via this approach, the next two decades have seen a tremendous growth in this field with the introduction of numerous fascinating twodim ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... The RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) acts as a governor of the mature neuronal phenotype by repressing a large consortium of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells. In the developing nervous system, REST is present in progenitors and downregulated at terminal differentiation to promote acquis ...
... The RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) acts as a governor of the mature neuronal phenotype by repressing a large consortium of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells. In the developing nervous system, REST is present in progenitors and downregulated at terminal differentiation to promote acquis ...
S7.Cell Signaling-β-catenin pathway homework
... 1. What are the components of the receptor complex? What is the ligand? The receptor complex is composed of LRP and Fzd. The ligand for Fzd is Wnt. 2. What is the molecular function of β-catenin itself? Apart from its role in adherens junctions, β-catenin is a transcriptional coactivator. β-catenin ...
... 1. What are the components of the receptor complex? What is the ligand? The receptor complex is composed of LRP and Fzd. The ligand for Fzd is Wnt. 2. What is the molecular function of β-catenin itself? Apart from its role in adherens junctions, β-catenin is a transcriptional coactivator. β-catenin ...
IDETIFYIG GEES THAT REGULATE SECODARY GROWTH I POPLAR
... the plant body called meristems. The well characterized shoot and root apical meristems are responsible for vertical growth, in which many key players have been well studied. Lateral (secondary) growth is controlled by the vascular and cork cambiums, which are much less understood. A rapid growth of ...
... the plant body called meristems. The well characterized shoot and root apical meristems are responsible for vertical growth, in which many key players have been well studied. Lateral (secondary) growth is controlled by the vascular and cork cambiums, which are much less understood. A rapid growth of ...
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... in water such as Escherichia coli. Some strains of this bacterium are the commensally of the digestive tract of man and most warm-blooded animals that they colonizes as from the first hours of the birth (Le Minor and Véron, 1989). Frequently isolated from the digestive tract and stools of mammals, E ...
... in water such as Escherichia coli. Some strains of this bacterium are the commensally of the digestive tract of man and most warm-blooded animals that they colonizes as from the first hours of the birth (Le Minor and Véron, 1989). Frequently isolated from the digestive tract and stools of mammals, E ...
Proper Folding and Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi
... The abbreviations used are: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; TYR, tyrosinase; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate; IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine; PBS, phosphatebuffered saline; CHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1propanesulfonate; Endo H, endoglycosidase H; ...
... The abbreviations used are: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; TYR, tyrosinase; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate; IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine; PBS, phosphatebuffered saline; CHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1propanesulfonate; Endo H, endoglycosidase H; ...
Microsporidia: Why Make Nucleotides if You Can Steal Them?
... involves some energy-expensive steps, it still represents a more economical source of nucleotides compared to de novo nucleotide synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, RNA degradation occurs by two main pathways [28] (S2 Fig), both of which are initiated by the deadenylation of RNA by enzymes including the ...
... involves some energy-expensive steps, it still represents a more economical source of nucleotides compared to de novo nucleotide synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, RNA degradation occurs by two main pathways [28] (S2 Fig), both of which are initiated by the deadenylation of RNA by enzymes including the ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.