Expression of biologically active mouse ciliary neutrophic factor
... between mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, and human primary sequences. The CNTF receptor (CNTFR) comprises three subunits: CNTFRa, leukemia inhibitory factor b receptor (LIFRb) and gp130 [40, 41]. CNTFRa is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) - anchored protein, which can also be found in a soluble form (sC ...
... between mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, and human primary sequences. The CNTF receptor (CNTFR) comprises three subunits: CNTFRa, leukemia inhibitory factor b receptor (LIFRb) and gp130 [40, 41]. CNTFRa is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) - anchored protein, which can also be found in a soluble form (sC ...
A leucine aminopeptidase is involved in kinetoplast DNA
... assembled with a region of non-corrugated inner mt membrane between them [2]. Unlike the mt DNA of most eukaryotes, kDNA divides once per cell cycle. Whilst this occurs immediately prior to nuclear DNA synthesis, replication of kDNA is in synchrony with nuclear division [3]. In T. brucei, kDNA is es ...
... assembled with a region of non-corrugated inner mt membrane between them [2]. Unlike the mt DNA of most eukaryotes, kDNA divides once per cell cycle. Whilst this occurs immediately prior to nuclear DNA synthesis, replication of kDNA is in synchrony with nuclear division [3]. In T. brucei, kDNA is es ...
Separation of Sister Chromatids in Mitosis
... both the early replicating euchromatin as well as in the late replicating heterochromatin, and no differences were observed between pim and wild-type embryos. Moreover, BrdU incorporation occurred also during S phase 16 and during later stages in pim mutants. These observations suggested that DNA re ...
... both the early replicating euchromatin as well as in the late replicating heterochromatin, and no differences were observed between pim and wild-type embryos. Moreover, BrdU incorporation occurred also during S phase 16 and during later stages in pim mutants. These observations suggested that DNA re ...
Gram-positive bacteria enhance HIV-1 susceptibility
... whereas TLR3-5, TLR7-9, and NOD1,2 agonists did not significantly affect HIV infection. The same infection-enhancing effects were observed when LCs were incubated with other related bacterial components as well as with whole Gramⴙ bacteria. In resident LCs in human skin, TLR2 agonists also significa ...
... whereas TLR3-5, TLR7-9, and NOD1,2 agonists did not significantly affect HIV infection. The same infection-enhancing effects were observed when LCs were incubated with other related bacterial components as well as with whole Gramⴙ bacteria. In resident LCs in human skin, TLR2 agonists also significa ...
Rat Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Show Specificity of
... After particle feeding and rinsing, cells on glass coverslips were fixed in 2 ml of 3.7% formaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4, for 30 min at 37°C (9). To reduce breakage of attached ROS, the formaldehyde concentration was gradually decreased by serial dilution with PBS, before a final 30-min rinse in P ...
... After particle feeding and rinsing, cells on glass coverslips were fixed in 2 ml of 3.7% formaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4, for 30 min at 37°C (9). To reduce breakage of attached ROS, the formaldehyde concentration was gradually decreased by serial dilution with PBS, before a final 30-min rinse in P ...
FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein associates
... Elements that influence cell physiology include growth factors, nutrients, and stress signals. An intracellular signaling network integrates multiple and occasionally conflicting signals to coordinate the response. FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein (FRAP) plays an important role in this network an ...
... Elements that influence cell physiology include growth factors, nutrients, and stress signals. An intracellular signaling network integrates multiple and occasionally conflicting signals to coordinate the response. FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein (FRAP) plays an important role in this network an ...
Is ATP a Signaling Agent in Plants?
... eATP effects on plants were largely being interpreted in terms of supplementation of cellular energy or chelation of divalent cations rather than signaling activity. Plant mechanical movements (e.g. Jaffe, 1973), K⫹ uptake (e.g. Lüttge et al., 1974), and endonuclease activity (Udvardy and Farkas, 1 ...
... eATP effects on plants were largely being interpreted in terms of supplementation of cellular energy or chelation of divalent cations rather than signaling activity. Plant mechanical movements (e.g. Jaffe, 1973), K⫹ uptake (e.g. Lüttge et al., 1974), and endonuclease activity (Udvardy and Farkas, 1 ...
Antisense-mediated FLC transcriptional repression requires the P
... genetic pathways have been defined that regulate FLC expression; some function in parallel whereas others function antagonistically. FRIGIDA (FRI) up-regulates FLC expression, causing plants to overwinter vegetatively (3). FRI function is antagonized by vernalization, a process through which prolong ...
... genetic pathways have been defined that regulate FLC expression; some function in parallel whereas others function antagonistically. FRIGIDA (FRI) up-regulates FLC expression, causing plants to overwinter vegetatively (3). FRI function is antagonized by vernalization, a process through which prolong ...
Molecular approaches to vertebrate limb
... hormones, thyroid hormones and vitamin D 3 . It is well established that these receptors are transcription factors that upon ligand binding are targeted to specific regulatory sequences in the 5' region of ligand-controlled genes (e.g. Evans, 1988; Beato, 1989). As a consequence of receptor binding, ...
... hormones, thyroid hormones and vitamin D 3 . It is well established that these receptors are transcription factors that upon ligand binding are targeted to specific regulatory sequences in the 5' region of ligand-controlled genes (e.g. Evans, 1988; Beato, 1989). As a consequence of receptor binding, ...
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: GENETIC REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGIC CELL... Sudeshna Dutta, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008
... differentiation, morphogenesis and death. E93 is necessary and sufficient for larval tissue cell death during metamorphosis, including autophagic cell death of salivary glands. Here we characterize new mutant alleles of a dominant wing vein mutation Vein-off (Vno), and provide evidence that E93 and ...
... differentiation, morphogenesis and death. E93 is necessary and sufficient for larval tissue cell death during metamorphosis, including autophagic cell death of salivary glands. Here we characterize new mutant alleles of a dominant wing vein mutation Vein-off (Vno), and provide evidence that E93 and ...
Quantification of Type VI secretion system activity in macrophages
... migration (Flannagan et al., 2012; Rosales-Reyes et al., 2012) (Fig. 1b). This phenotype ...
... migration (Flannagan et al., 2012; Rosales-Reyes et al., 2012) (Fig. 1b). This phenotype ...
Role of glutamate on T-cell mediated immunity
... The pivotal role that glutamate plays in the functioning of the central nervous system is well established. Several glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters have been extensively described in the central nervous system where they, respectively mediate glutamate effects and regulates extracellu ...
... The pivotal role that glutamate plays in the functioning of the central nervous system is well established. Several glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters have been extensively described in the central nervous system where they, respectively mediate glutamate effects and regulates extracellu ...
Full Text
... and its expression in relation to the development of multicellular organisms is a very important target for current study. Proteoglycans Although proteoglycans should also be considered as glycoproteins, in that their sugar chains (glycosaminoglycans) are commonly linked to protein cores, the chains ...
... and its expression in relation to the development of multicellular organisms is a very important target for current study. Proteoglycans Although proteoglycans should also be considered as glycoproteins, in that their sugar chains (glycosaminoglycans) are commonly linked to protein cores, the chains ...
Induction of MicroRNA-1 by Myocardin in Smooth Muscle Cells
... myocardin-inducible SMCs, but not in control cells with empty vectors (Figure 1B and data not shown). Of note, after 3 days of Dox induction, the miR-1 level in cultured SMCs became comparable to that in intact carotid artery (Figure 1B). Subsequently, we used Northern blot assay to confirm the expr ...
... myocardin-inducible SMCs, but not in control cells with empty vectors (Figure 1B and data not shown). Of note, after 3 days of Dox induction, the miR-1 level in cultured SMCs became comparable to that in intact carotid artery (Figure 1B). Subsequently, we used Northern blot assay to confirm the expr ...
The Brd gene family and the N pathway
... transcripts (Lai and Posakony, 1998). Moreover, all possess at least one high-affinity binding site for Su(H) in their proximal upstream regions, and thus may be subject to direct transcriptional regulation by this key component of the N pathway. Consistent with this, we show that Brd family genes a ...
... transcripts (Lai and Posakony, 1998). Moreover, all possess at least one high-affinity binding site for Su(H) in their proximal upstream regions, and thus may be subject to direct transcriptional regulation by this key component of the N pathway. Consistent with this, we show that Brd family genes a ...
The transplantation of nuclei from single cultured cells into
... transfers could contain, or sometimes consist of, cells with incomplete chromosome sets. In this case, the developmental variation within and between clones may be due to the variable chromosome content of donor cell nuclei in the firsttransfer embryos. The most normal development promoted by cultur ...
... transfers could contain, or sometimes consist of, cells with incomplete chromosome sets. In this case, the developmental variation within and between clones may be due to the variable chromosome content of donor cell nuclei in the firsttransfer embryos. The most normal development promoted by cultur ...
PDF
... transfers could contain, or sometimes consist of, cells with incomplete chromosome sets. In this case, the developmental variation within and between clones may be due to the variable chromosome content of donor cell nuclei in the firsttransfer embryos. The most normal development promoted by cultur ...
... transfers could contain, or sometimes consist of, cells with incomplete chromosome sets. In this case, the developmental variation within and between clones may be due to the variable chromosome content of donor cell nuclei in the firsttransfer embryos. The most normal development promoted by cultur ...
The PDZ-GEF Dizzy regulates cell shape of migrating macrophages
... the transcription start site. The difference between dizzyEP and dizzyP phenotypes is probably due to the distinct properties of the Pelements. In contrast to dizzyP, dizzyEP has an hsp70 promoter at its 3⬘ end that could allow a sufficient level of dizzy transcription controlled by endogenous enhan ...
... the transcription start site. The difference between dizzyEP and dizzyP phenotypes is probably due to the distinct properties of the Pelements. In contrast to dizzyP, dizzyEP has an hsp70 promoter at its 3⬘ end that could allow a sufficient level of dizzy transcription controlled by endogenous enhan ...
Full Text
... of hepatic carcinogenesis are thought to initiate by continued viral replication and persistent attempt through a less-than-optimal immune response to eliminate HCVinfected cells (3). The genetically altered cells that have undergone malignant transformation can be cleared efficiently by the immune ...
... of hepatic carcinogenesis are thought to initiate by continued viral replication and persistent attempt through a less-than-optimal immune response to eliminate HCVinfected cells (3). The genetically altered cells that have undergone malignant transformation can be cleared efficiently by the immune ...
Transforming Growth Factor- Signaling Strength Determines Target
... complete loss of all TGF responsiveness in cancer is rare, significant reductions in TR-II expression are commonly found human cancers, including HNSCC and small cell lung cancer [16-20]. On the other hand, advanced cancers are frequently associated with constitutively high levels of biologically ...
... complete loss of all TGF responsiveness in cancer is rare, significant reductions in TR-II expression are commonly found human cancers, including HNSCC and small cell lung cancer [16-20]. On the other hand, advanced cancers are frequently associated with constitutively high levels of biologically ...
abscisic acid signal transduction
... The present review focuses on our current knowledge concerning how the ABA signal could be faithfully transduced to mediate these well-characterized physiological and developmental processes. Physicochemical and molecular genetic approaches have already provided fundamental insights into the diversi ...
... The present review focuses on our current knowledge concerning how the ABA signal could be faithfully transduced to mediate these well-characterized physiological and developmental processes. Physicochemical and molecular genetic approaches have already provided fundamental insights into the diversi ...
The Cellular and Humoral Immune Response against Primary
... inactive. The SCV is able to survive well outside of host cells, and is resistant to a variety of environmental and chemical conditions such as desiccation and disinfectants (17). In this form, C. burnetii can survive in the environment for a long period of time. The metabolically active, replicati ...
... inactive. The SCV is able to survive well outside of host cells, and is resistant to a variety of environmental and chemical conditions such as desiccation and disinfectants (17). In this form, C. burnetii can survive in the environment for a long period of time. The metabolically active, replicati ...
05 October 2000
... chacoense Bitt. lines were obtained from the Potato Introduction Station (Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin). The self-incompatibility alleles in the parental line PI458314 were identified by genetic crosses and gene sequence as S11 and S12 (ref. 20 ) and the alleles in the parental line PI230582 identified a ...
... chacoense Bitt. lines were obtained from the Potato Introduction Station (Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin). The self-incompatibility alleles in the parental line PI458314 were identified by genetic crosses and gene sequence as S11 and S12 (ref. 20 ) and the alleles in the parental line PI230582 identified a ...
b-1,3 Glucan Sulfate, but Not b-1,3 Glucan, Induces
... tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. In tobacco cell suspensions, the oxidative burst induced by the laminarin sulfate PS3 was Ca2þ dependent but partially kinase independent, whereas laminarin triggered a strickly kinase-dependent oxidative burst. Cells treated with PS3 or laminarin remained fully res ...
... tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. In tobacco cell suspensions, the oxidative burst induced by the laminarin sulfate PS3 was Ca2þ dependent but partially kinase independent, whereas laminarin triggered a strickly kinase-dependent oxidative burst. Cells treated with PS3 or laminarin remained fully res ...
galls on Prionitis lanceolata (Rhodophyta)
... bacterium was only partially characterized, and there was no indication as to the purity of the isolate. This same bacterium was also considered by Cantacuzene (1930) to cause abnormal growths on Chondrus crispus and certain other red algae. In this study bacteria were observed only in the intercell ...
... bacterium was only partially characterized, and there was no indication as to the purity of the isolate. This same bacterium was also considered by Cantacuzene (1930) to cause abnormal growths on Chondrus crispus and certain other red algae. In this study bacteria were observed only in the intercell ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.