Lack of correlation between trehalose accumulation, cell viability
... incubation at 40 "C, since activity was increased by sixfold in the pmal-1 mutant but by only fourfold in the control strain. In contrast, addition of 10% ethanol to exponential-phase cells of wild-type and pmal-1 mutant strains growing on glucose caused a twofold reduction in the activity of this e ...
... incubation at 40 "C, since activity was increased by sixfold in the pmal-1 mutant but by only fourfold in the control strain. In contrast, addition of 10% ethanol to exponential-phase cells of wild-type and pmal-1 mutant strains growing on glucose caused a twofold reduction in the activity of this e ...
Regulation of KNOLLE syntaxin - Journal of Cell Science
... Likewise, the Caenorhabditis syn-4 gene is involved in embryo cleavage divisions but also plays a role in nuclear membrane reformation (Jantsch-Plunger and Glotzer, 1999). In contrast to the other two syntaxins, KNOLLE is required only for de novo formation of the partitioning plasma membrane during ...
... Likewise, the Caenorhabditis syn-4 gene is involved in embryo cleavage divisions but also plays a role in nuclear membrane reformation (Jantsch-Plunger and Glotzer, 1999). In contrast to the other two syntaxins, KNOLLE is required only for de novo formation of the partitioning plasma membrane during ...
1 An amoeba phagocytosis model reveals a novel developmental
... At high amoeba densities, the bacteria change morphology into long filaments ...
... At high amoeba densities, the bacteria change morphology into long filaments ...
Intracellular trafficking of GO
... Figure 2. CD33 as myeloid differentiation antigen. Simplified hypothetical model of stem and progenitor cells in the human hematopoietic system, showing expression patterns of CD33 and CD34. This figure was initially published in Blood (58). Reproduced with permission from the American Society of He ...
... Figure 2. CD33 as myeloid differentiation antigen. Simplified hypothetical model of stem and progenitor cells in the human hematopoietic system, showing expression patterns of CD33 and CD34. This figure was initially published in Blood (58). Reproduced with permission from the American Society of He ...
The pharyngeal pouches and clefts
... elongates forming, in its distal part, the epithelium of the tympanic cavity, and in its proximal part, the eustachian tube. Indeed, the first cleft develops into the external auditory meatus, the lateral portion of which differentiates into the entrance of the external auditory canal. The proximal e ...
... elongates forming, in its distal part, the epithelium of the tympanic cavity, and in its proximal part, the eustachian tube. Indeed, the first cleft develops into the external auditory meatus, the lateral portion of which differentiates into the entrance of the external auditory canal. The proximal e ...
Cutting the nonsense: the degradation of PTC containing mRNAs
... C. elegans mutated for SMG5, SMG6 or SMG7 are deficient in NMD and accumulate hyperphosphorylated SMG2 (the UPF1 orthologue) because UPF1 dephosphorylation is induced by PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) which is recruited by SMG5, SMG6 and/or SMG7 [25]. PP2A is a heterotrimer composed of a catalytic su ...
... C. elegans mutated for SMG5, SMG6 or SMG7 are deficient in NMD and accumulate hyperphosphorylated SMG2 (the UPF1 orthologue) because UPF1 dephosphorylation is induced by PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) which is recruited by SMG5, SMG6 and/or SMG7 [25]. PP2A is a heterotrimer composed of a catalytic su ...
CYTOKINE-MEDIATED REGULATION OF BK VIRUS REPLICATION
... There are two known human polyomaviruses, BKV and JC virus (JCV), however recent reports of viral sequences isolated from respiratory samples and skin cancer cells suggest the existence of three additional human polyomaviruses, WU, KI, and Merkel cell polyomavirus (Allander et al., 2007; Feng et al. ...
... There are two known human polyomaviruses, BKV and JC virus (JCV), however recent reports of viral sequences isolated from respiratory samples and skin cancer cells suggest the existence of three additional human polyomaviruses, WU, KI, and Merkel cell polyomavirus (Allander et al., 2007; Feng et al. ...
The role of the NKG2D receptor for tumor immunity
... a primary activation receptor also in T cells. TCR-independent NKG2D-mediated responses can be elicited in long term cultured or cloned human CD8+ T cells [26,29]. In particular, CD8+ T lymphocytes from patients with celiac disease can be activated through NKG2D and mediate TCR-independent cytotoxic ...
... a primary activation receptor also in T cells. TCR-independent NKG2D-mediated responses can be elicited in long term cultured or cloned human CD8+ T cells [26,29]. In particular, CD8+ T lymphocytes from patients with celiac disease can be activated through NKG2D and mediate TCR-independent cytotoxic ...
Cytokinins regulate vascular morphogenesis in the Arabidopsis
... expression patterns ........................................................ 41 1.8 Vascular phenotypes of the CRE-family mutants correlate with their cytokinin responses ................................................. 41 1.8.1 CRE-family triple mutant is completely resistant to cytokinins ..... 4 ...
... expression patterns ........................................................ 41 1.8 Vascular phenotypes of the CRE-family mutants correlate with their cytokinin responses ................................................. 41 1.8.1 CRE-family triple mutant is completely resistant to cytokinins ..... 4 ...
The consequences of Rad51 overexpression for normal and tumor
... the base excision repair pathway and as this pathway is not enhanced by BCR/ABL expression, cells remain sensitive to MNNG. Another level of regulation of Rad51 activity occurs through protein modification. Rad51 is a target of the BCR/ABL kinase and is phosphorylated on tyrosine 315. Mutation of thi ...
... the base excision repair pathway and as this pathway is not enhanced by BCR/ABL expression, cells remain sensitive to MNNG. Another level of regulation of Rad51 activity occurs through protein modification. Rad51 is a target of the BCR/ABL kinase and is phosphorylated on tyrosine 315. Mutation of thi ...
Atlantic Salmon Interferon Genes: Cloning, Sequence Analysis
... salmon in Norway and other countries. More knowledge about innate antiviral mechanisms of Atlantic salmon is important for a better understanding of its ability to resist viral infections. It is well established that type I interferons (IFN) mediate a major first line of defense against viral infect ...
... salmon in Norway and other countries. More knowledge about innate antiviral mechanisms of Atlantic salmon is important for a better understanding of its ability to resist viral infections. It is well established that type I interferons (IFN) mediate a major first line of defense against viral infect ...
1 - Utrecht University Repository
... intermediate-affinity state, or a high-affinity state for ligand. The different states are in a dynamic equilibrium, and the conformational change that mediates the transition from the low-affinity state to the intermediate-/high-affinity state is called ‘integrin activation’. Integrin activation ca ...
... intermediate-affinity state, or a high-affinity state for ligand. The different states are in a dynamic equilibrium, and the conformational change that mediates the transition from the low-affinity state to the intermediate-/high-affinity state is called ‘integrin activation’. Integrin activation ca ...
The Drosophila ribbon gene encodes a nuclear BTB domain protein that promotes epithelial migration and morphogenesis. Development 128, 4923-4933. pdf
... tracheal branching (Manning and Krasnow, 1993; Metzger and Krasnow, 1999; Affolter and Shilo, 2000). These have begun to separate the morphogenetic process into genetically distinct steps. Several genes are required for the initial specification of tracheal cell fate and invagination to form trachea ...
... tracheal branching (Manning and Krasnow, 1993; Metzger and Krasnow, 1999; Affolter and Shilo, 2000). These have begun to separate the morphogenetic process into genetically distinct steps. Several genes are required for the initial specification of tracheal cell fate and invagination to form trachea ...
Temporal Regulation of RNA Polymerase II by Srb10 and Kin28
... whose pol II molecules have shortened CTDs. In contrast, the loss of Srb2 or Srb4, both positive acting transcription factors, decreases the viability of these cells (Figure 1B). These results provide strong evidence that Srb10 is a negative regulator of transcription in vivo. An artificial holoenzy ...
... whose pol II molecules have shortened CTDs. In contrast, the loss of Srb2 or Srb4, both positive acting transcription factors, decreases the viability of these cells (Figure 1B). These results provide strong evidence that Srb10 is a negative regulator of transcription in vivo. An artificial holoenzy ...
... extracellular matrices. Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins, each composed of an α subunit noncovalently associated with a β chain to form a heterodimer. The integrin α chain subunits form two groups based upon structural differences. One group is cleaved during synthesis to form one heavy and ...
Wnts and PKA control Nodal expression
... by implanting beads soaked in PBS, and no phenotypic consequence or changes in gene expression were observed. As previously described, and based on its effects on Nodal and patched expression (Pagán-Westphal and Tabin, 1998), this antibody is a powerful blocker of Shh signaling in vivo. Implantation ...
... by implanting beads soaked in PBS, and no phenotypic consequence or changes in gene expression were observed. As previously described, and based on its effects on Nodal and patched expression (Pagán-Westphal and Tabin, 1998), this antibody is a powerful blocker of Shh signaling in vivo. Implantation ...
Isolated cell behavior drives the evolution of
... refers to the ability of a strain to spread in the presence of an antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance in microbes is typically quantified by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (Andrews, 2001; Wiegand et al, 2008; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2012), which is defined as the lowes ...
... refers to the ability of a strain to spread in the presence of an antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance in microbes is typically quantified by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (Andrews, 2001; Wiegand et al, 2008; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2012), which is defined as the lowes ...
Involvement of CD14 and Complement Receptors CR3 and CR4 in
... UTILIZATION OF CD14, CR3, AND CR4 BY LPS AND GBS ...
... UTILIZATION OF CD14, CR3, AND CR4 BY LPS AND GBS ...
Looking at Kaposi`s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus–host
... (KSHV), also called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), is the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), the most common malignance in AIDS patients, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and some types of multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD; Chang et al., 1994; Cesarman et al., 1995; Soulier et al., 1995). ...
... (KSHV), also called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), is the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), the most common malignance in AIDS patients, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and some types of multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD; Chang et al., 1994; Cesarman et al., 1995; Soulier et al., 1995). ...
- Wiley Online Library
... domains of these genes, distinct subdomains can be found within the prechordal mesoderm. For instance, Xhairy2b is expressed in the anterior portion of the prechordal mesoderm, whereas chordin is expressed in the posterior region, and the expression domains of these two genes never overlap (this iss ...
... domains of these genes, distinct subdomains can be found within the prechordal mesoderm. For instance, Xhairy2b is expressed in the anterior portion of the prechordal mesoderm, whereas chordin is expressed in the posterior region, and the expression domains of these two genes never overlap (this iss ...
Retinoic acid and chick limb bud development
... The nuclear receptors provide the molecular mechanism by which retinoic acid can control gene expression. Possible candidates for genes regulated by retinoic acid are homeobox genes. In teratocarcinoma cells, changes in expression of such genes can occur rapidly following retinoid treatment (La Rosa ...
... The nuclear receptors provide the molecular mechanism by which retinoic acid can control gene expression. Possible candidates for genes regulated by retinoic acid are homeobox genes. In teratocarcinoma cells, changes in expression of such genes can occur rapidly following retinoid treatment (La Rosa ...
Glycosylation of closely spaced acceptor sites in
... (Guth et al., 2004; Kelleher et al., 1992). When tested using in vitro translation systems supplemented with microsomal membranes, glycosylation of adjacent NxT sites was unfavorable compared with sequons that are separated by one or more intervening residues (Karamyshev et al., 2005), indicating th ...
... (Guth et al., 2004; Kelleher et al., 1992). When tested using in vitro translation systems supplemented with microsomal membranes, glycosylation of adjacent NxT sites was unfavorable compared with sequons that are separated by one or more intervening residues (Karamyshev et al., 2005), indicating th ...
Cyanobacteria–bryophyte symbioses
... prokaryotes of enormous environmental importance, being responsible for a large proportion of global CO2 and N2 fixation. They form symbiotic associations with a wide range of eukaryotic hosts including plants, fungi, sponges, and protists. The cyanobacterial symbionts are often filamentous and fix N2 ...
... prokaryotes of enormous environmental importance, being responsible for a large proportion of global CO2 and N2 fixation. They form symbiotic associations with a wide range of eukaryotic hosts including plants, fungi, sponges, and protists. The cyanobacterial symbionts are often filamentous and fix N2 ...
Cytochrome c Release and Apoptosis Induced by Mitochondrial
... stimuli, TR3 translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria to induce cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Mitochondrial targeting of TR3, but not its DNA binding and transactivation, is essential for its proapoptotic effect. Our results reveal a mechanism by which a nuclear transcription factor trans ...
... stimuli, TR3 translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria to induce cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Mitochondrial targeting of TR3, but not its DNA binding and transactivation, is essential for its proapoptotic effect. Our results reveal a mechanism by which a nuclear transcription factor trans ...
Direct detection of ligand–protein interaction using AFM
... information about such properties as the presence of binding sites and the presence of other cells, elasticity of substrates, and strength of forces acting on cells. Cell adhesion plays crucial role in many events governing the maintenance of various tissue structures and integrity where the interac ...
... information about such properties as the presence of binding sites and the presence of other cells, elasticity of substrates, and strength of forces acting on cells. Cell adhesion plays crucial role in many events governing the maintenance of various tissue structures and integrity where the interac ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.