Subcellular localization of peroxidase in tomato fruit skin and the
... However, the presence of these isozymes in the ionically eluted `wall-bound' fraction may be an artefact of either non-speci®c binding of symplastic peroxidase to the cell wall, or isozymes bound to membranes included in the `wall-bound' fraction. Therefore, subcellular localization of peroxidase in ...
... However, the presence of these isozymes in the ionically eluted `wall-bound' fraction may be an artefact of either non-speci®c binding of symplastic peroxidase to the cell wall, or isozymes bound to membranes included in the `wall-bound' fraction. Therefore, subcellular localization of peroxidase in ...
FOXO1 Plays an Essential Role in Apoptosis of Retinal
... loss of microvascular cells [9]. While AGE and inflammatory signals may play an important role in the process of pericyte apoptosis, it is important to consider that these events are initiating signals, and therefore it is necessary to investigate their downstream targets. We recently demonstrated t ...
... loss of microvascular cells [9]. While AGE and inflammatory signals may play an important role in the process of pericyte apoptosis, it is important to consider that these events are initiating signals, and therefore it is necessary to investigate their downstream targets. We recently demonstrated t ...
Pax Terminologica - Buffalo Ontology Site
... UPDATE: The developers of each ontology commit to its maintenance in light of scientific advance, and to soliciting community feedback for its improvement. ORTHOGONALITY: They commit to working with other Foundry members to ensure that, for any particular domain, there is community convergence o ...
... UPDATE: The developers of each ontology commit to its maintenance in light of scientific advance, and to soliciting community feedback for its improvement. ORTHOGONALITY: They commit to working with other Foundry members to ensure that, for any particular domain, there is community convergence o ...
Platelet Adhesion to Exposed Endothelial Cell Extracellular Matrixes
... indicating that this preparation rendered a less adhesive surface. A similar pattern of interaction was generally observed in those coverslips in which ECs had been removed by mechanical methods (nitrogen drying and cellulose stripping). In contrast, the majority of the platelets associated with the ...
... indicating that this preparation rendered a less adhesive surface. A similar pattern of interaction was generally observed in those coverslips in which ECs had been removed by mechanical methods (nitrogen drying and cellulose stripping). In contrast, the majority of the platelets associated with the ...
A novel meiosisspecific protein of fission yeast, Meu13p, promotes
... physically connected along their entire lengths by a proteinaceous structure called the synaptonemal complex (SC) (reviewed in von Wettstein et al., 1984). However, observations of presynaptic alignment and the presence of a signi®cant level of homologous pairing in asynaptic organisms suggest that ...
... physically connected along their entire lengths by a proteinaceous structure called the synaptonemal complex (SC) (reviewed in von Wettstein et al., 1984). However, observations of presynaptic alignment and the presence of a signi®cant level of homologous pairing in asynaptic organisms suggest that ...
Specific Innervation of Neurons in the Paravertebral
... Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 ...
... Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 ...
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... Keynes, 1989). The gene regulatory network underlying hindbrain segmentation includes several transcription factor genes that show spatially restricted patterns of expression along the AP axis, with limits corresponding to prospective or established boundaries between adjacent rhombomeres (Lumsden a ...
... Keynes, 1989). The gene regulatory network underlying hindbrain segmentation includes several transcription factor genes that show spatially restricted patterns of expression along the AP axis, with limits corresponding to prospective or established boundaries between adjacent rhombomeres (Lumsden a ...
Identification of Myosin XI Receptors in Arabidopsis Defines a
... 77 kD, respectively. Given the high representation of the three paralogous genes in the screen and the presence of a predicted membrane-anchoring domain and the DUF593 domain that is highly conserved in plants (Holding et al., 2007) and is predicted to adopt a coiled-coil structure (a signature of d ...
... 77 kD, respectively. Given the high representation of the three paralogous genes in the screen and the presence of a predicted membrane-anchoring domain and the DUF593 domain that is highly conserved in plants (Holding et al., 2007) and is predicted to adopt a coiled-coil structure (a signature of d ...
Axis-inducing activities and cell fates of the zebrafish organizer.
... patterning defects are a consequence of the early loss of shield tissue or an independent event associated with the establishment of organizer activity is a question raised by the boz mutation. In order to draw a distinction between organizer activity and the cell fates of organizer-derived tissue i ...
... patterning defects are a consequence of the early loss of shield tissue or an independent event associated with the establishment of organizer activity is a question raised by the boz mutation. In order to draw a distinction between organizer activity and the cell fates of organizer-derived tissue i ...
Redistribution of membrane proteins between the Golgi apparatus
... started to revolutionise plant cell biology and the study of the secretory pathway is no exception. It is now possible to observe in vivo the dynamic events of secretion and endomembrane organisation (Boevink et al., 1996, 1998, 1999; NebenfuÈhr et al., 1999). Delivering GFP to the Golgi apparatus b ...
... started to revolutionise plant cell biology and the study of the secretory pathway is no exception. It is now possible to observe in vivo the dynamic events of secretion and endomembrane organisation (Boevink et al., 1996, 1998, 1999; NebenfuÈhr et al., 1999). Delivering GFP to the Golgi apparatus b ...
PROMOTER-ASSOCIATED PAUSING IN PROMOTER
... protein density on specific DNA sequence in vivo, we were surprised to find a high density of Pol II on the 5' end of the uninduced Drosophila Hsp70 gene, because it had been assumed that all transcription was regulated at the level of Pol II recruitment or "initiation". We had expected that a low l ...
... protein density on specific DNA sequence in vivo, we were surprised to find a high density of Pol II on the 5' end of the uninduced Drosophila Hsp70 gene, because it had been assumed that all transcription was regulated at the level of Pol II recruitment or "initiation". We had expected that a low l ...
Eucalyptus grandis cellulose synthase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana MARJA M. O’NEILL
... genes. Although Arabidopsis does not form large quantities of secondary xylem, it has been shown to undergo secondary growth under certain conditions. Availability of the full genome sequence, ease of transformation and access to mutant plant lines, makes Arabidopsis an attractive model plant in whi ...
... genes. Although Arabidopsis does not form large quantities of secondary xylem, it has been shown to undergo secondary growth under certain conditions. Availability of the full genome sequence, ease of transformation and access to mutant plant lines, makes Arabidopsis an attractive model plant in whi ...
Title Determination of Cathepsins D and E in Various Tissues and
... The levels of cathepsins D and E in various tissues were calculated based on the differences in their specific activities against β-endorphin and substance P (Table 1). The level of cathepsin D was highest in adrenal followed by spleen and lung. The levels of cathepsin E were high in stomach, urinar ...
... The levels of cathepsins D and E in various tissues were calculated based on the differences in their specific activities against β-endorphin and substance P (Table 1). The level of cathepsin D was highest in adrenal followed by spleen and lung. The levels of cathepsin E were high in stomach, urinar ...
Slow muscle regulates the pattern of trunk neural crest migration in
... of the medial surface of each somite (Fig. 2). Slow muscle fibers are initially located on the medial surface of the somite. They then migrate through the somite and, by the stage shown in Fig. 2, they form a monolayer of slow muscle fibers on the lateral surface of each somite (Devoto et al., 1996) ...
... of the medial surface of each somite (Fig. 2). Slow muscle fibers are initially located on the medial surface of the somite. They then migrate through the somite and, by the stage shown in Fig. 2, they form a monolayer of slow muscle fibers on the lateral surface of each somite (Devoto et al., 1996) ...
Plasma membrane HATPase regulation is required for auxin
... in a situation where light comes from a different side (rotated by 90 degrees) than in the original simulations. As our hypocotyl cross section and others that we found in the literature (Gendreau et al, 1997; Crowell et al, 2011) are not perfectly symmetric under (discrete) rotations, different dir ...
... in a situation where light comes from a different side (rotated by 90 degrees) than in the original simulations. As our hypocotyl cross section and others that we found in the literature (Gendreau et al, 1997; Crowell et al, 2011) are not perfectly symmetric under (discrete) rotations, different dir ...
Evidence that FGF8 signalling from the midbrain
... Martinez et al., 1991; Marin and Puelles, 1994). Together, these data implicate isthmic derived signals in the establishment of mesencephalic rostrocaudal polarity and imply that such signals may act via the regulation of En expression. Recent experiments have demonstrated the importance of FGF8 in ...
... Martinez et al., 1991; Marin and Puelles, 1994). Together, these data implicate isthmic derived signals in the establishment of mesencephalic rostrocaudal polarity and imply that such signals may act via the regulation of En expression. Recent experiments have demonstrated the importance of FGF8 in ...
Calcium regulates ricin transport to the Golgi apparatus
... apparatus using a mechanism that differs from that of the M6PR. We have recently found that ricin transport to the Golgi apparatus is independent of the small GTPase Rab9 (Iversen et al., 2001). Interestingly, this transport is also independent of functional clathrin and Rab11, suggesting that it di ...
... apparatus using a mechanism that differs from that of the M6PR. We have recently found that ricin transport to the Golgi apparatus is independent of the small GTPase Rab9 (Iversen et al., 2001). Interestingly, this transport is also independent of functional clathrin and Rab11, suggesting that it di ...
The Role of Target of Rapamycin Signaling
... insulin, and growth factors to control proliferation and temporal cell growth by promoting anabolic processes (e.g. translation, transcription, and ribosome biogenesis) but negatively regulating autophagy (Fig. 1C). Although mTOR has been shown to enter the nucleus to directly regulate transcription ...
... insulin, and growth factors to control proliferation and temporal cell growth by promoting anabolic processes (e.g. translation, transcription, and ribosome biogenesis) but negatively regulating autophagy (Fig. 1C). Although mTOR has been shown to enter the nucleus to directly regulate transcription ...
here - The Nebenführ Lab
... Brefeldin A (BFA) causes a block in the secretory system of eukaryotic cells by inhibiting vesicle formation at the Golgi apparatus. Although this toxin has been used in many studies, its effects on plant cells are still shrouded in controversy. We have reinvestigated the early responses of plant ce ...
... Brefeldin A (BFA) causes a block in the secretory system of eukaryotic cells by inhibiting vesicle formation at the Golgi apparatus. Although this toxin has been used in many studies, its effects on plant cells are still shrouded in controversy. We have reinvestigated the early responses of plant ce ...
Shaping mitotic chromosomes: From classical concepts to molecular
... remarkable degree of chromosome condensation, even though H3S10 phosphorylation can no longer be detected in the mutant [40]. These observations imply that H3 phosphorylation cannot be the universal determinant of mitotic chromosome condensation. This conclusion is furthermore supported by the findi ...
... remarkable degree of chromosome condensation, even though H3S10 phosphorylation can no longer be detected in the mutant [40]. These observations imply that H3 phosphorylation cannot be the universal determinant of mitotic chromosome condensation. This conclusion is furthermore supported by the findi ...
SKIP controls lysosome positioning using a composite kinesin
... these data show that essentially all of Cit-KHC and HA-KLC2 are in complex. Next, GST-tagged SKIP(1-310) was purified from E.coli and bound to glutathione beads. GST-SKIP(1-310) beads (or control GST beads) were incubated with 293T cell extracts expressing N-terminally citrulline (Cit, a GFP derivat ...
... these data show that essentially all of Cit-KHC and HA-KLC2 are in complex. Next, GST-tagged SKIP(1-310) was purified from E.coli and bound to glutathione beads. GST-SKIP(1-310) beads (or control GST beads) were incubated with 293T cell extracts expressing N-terminally citrulline (Cit, a GFP derivat ...
Anterior neurectoderm is progressively induced
... signalling are unknown. However, two candidates have been identified which have neural-inducing activity in vitro and are expressed in prechordal and notochordal mesoderm in vivo during gastrulation. One of these, follistatin, is an inhibitor of activin signalling and is thought to block activin-med ...
... signalling are unknown. However, two candidates have been identified which have neural-inducing activity in vitro and are expressed in prechordal and notochordal mesoderm in vivo during gastrulation. One of these, follistatin, is an inhibitor of activin signalling and is thought to block activin-med ...
Gram-positive bacteria enhance HIV-1 susceptibility
... whereas TLR3-5, TLR7-9, and NOD1,2 agonists did not significantly affect HIV infection. The same infection-enhancing effects were observed when LCs were incubated with other related bacterial components as well as with whole Gramⴙ bacteria. In resident LCs in human skin, TLR2 agonists also significa ...
... whereas TLR3-5, TLR7-9, and NOD1,2 agonists did not significantly affect HIV infection. The same infection-enhancing effects were observed when LCs were incubated with other related bacterial components as well as with whole Gramⴙ bacteria. In resident LCs in human skin, TLR2 agonists also significa ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.