The Iron-Sulfur Cluster Proteins Isa1 and Isa2 Are Required for the
... Published ahead of print on 26 January 2007. ...
... Published ahead of print on 26 January 2007. ...
A Monoclonal Antibody against a Laminin
... ECM deposited by a variety of different cultured cell lines, neurons respond rapidly with extensive neurite outgrowth (21). Laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are major components of the neurite outgrowth promoting factors produced by various nonneuronal cells (17). In addition, purified lami ...
... ECM deposited by a variety of different cultured cell lines, neurons respond rapidly with extensive neurite outgrowth (21). Laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are major components of the neurite outgrowth promoting factors produced by various nonneuronal cells (17). In addition, purified lami ...
Classes of programmed cell death in plants
... volume. Considerable numbers of cytoplasmic organelles, in particular, plastids, ribosomes, ER membranes, and peroxisomes, disappear during this process. These changes are very similar to autophagy in animal and yeast cells, although it is not yet clear how the plant process is regulated and what or ...
... volume. Considerable numbers of cytoplasmic organelles, in particular, plastids, ribosomes, ER membranes, and peroxisomes, disappear during this process. These changes are very similar to autophagy in animal and yeast cells, although it is not yet clear how the plant process is regulated and what or ...
Naive CD8 T cells differentiate into protective memory
... cells remaining after the contraction phase become memory T cells, which possess properties distinct from the naive population, such as rapid acquisition of effector function on reencounter with pathogen. Accumulating evidence suggests that naive CD8 T cells are programmed to become memory cells in ...
... cells remaining after the contraction phase become memory T cells, which possess properties distinct from the naive population, such as rapid acquisition of effector function on reencounter with pathogen. Accumulating evidence suggests that naive CD8 T cells are programmed to become memory cells in ...
Organelle size control – increasing vacuole
... conditions of a cell change (Marshall, 2012). However, we can expect that other processes also contribute to the adjustment, such as the net influx and efflux of membrane, or modifications of organelle shape. Changes in organellar size and/or organellar surface-tovolume ratio have been observed – e. ...
... conditions of a cell change (Marshall, 2012). However, we can expect that other processes also contribute to the adjustment, such as the net influx and efflux of membrane, or modifications of organelle shape. Changes in organellar size and/or organellar surface-tovolume ratio have been observed – e. ...
Temporal Firing Patterns of Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellar Ventral
... method using a generalized linear model of firing probability based on a binomial distribution of the spike count was developed for analysis of the ultra-low CS firing rate. The results of the present study showed that the spatial coordinates of CS were aligned with those of SS and the speed-tuning ...
... method using a generalized linear model of firing probability based on a binomial distribution of the spike count was developed for analysis of the ultra-low CS firing rate. The results of the present study showed that the spatial coordinates of CS were aligned with those of SS and the speed-tuning ...
A role for actin in regulating apoptosis/programmed cell death
... as there is also evidence for a similar effect in some animal cells when actin is actively depolymerized (see Figure 1). In T-cells, for example, CytD treatment resulted in elevated caspase-3 activity, suggesting that actin depolymerization can regulate apoptosis [85]. More recently, it has been sho ...
... as there is also evidence for a similar effect in some animal cells when actin is actively depolymerized (see Figure 1). In T-cells, for example, CytD treatment resulted in elevated caspase-3 activity, suggesting that actin depolymerization can regulate apoptosis [85]. More recently, it has been sho ...
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... homology with the product of D. melanogaster dve (defective proventriculus, Nakagoshi et al., 1998) and mammalian SatB2 (Dobreva et al., 2003) and will be referred to henceforth as dve-1. Knockout of dve-1 is lethal (see below), but partial inactivation by dve-1(RNAi) inhibited hsp-60pr::gfp express ...
... homology with the product of D. melanogaster dve (defective proventriculus, Nakagoshi et al., 1998) and mammalian SatB2 (Dobreva et al., 2003) and will be referred to henceforth as dve-1. Knockout of dve-1 is lethal (see below), but partial inactivation by dve-1(RNAi) inhibited hsp-60pr::gfp express ...
Insights into the Role of Specific Lipids in the
... Sperling and Heinz, 2003), suggests that plant DRMs might exhibit some specific structural features. In particular, plant DRMs have been shown to contain several sterol molecules, as represented by 24-methylcholesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol, instead of one major sterol (cholesterol or ergost ...
... Sperling and Heinz, 2003), suggests that plant DRMs might exhibit some specific structural features. In particular, plant DRMs have been shown to contain several sterol molecules, as represented by 24-methylcholesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol, instead of one major sterol (cholesterol or ergost ...
Vaccinia Protein F12 Has Structural Similarity to Kinesin
... viruses (EEVs). CEVs are important for cell-to-cell spread, whereas EEVs mediate long-range dissemination of virus. Defects in either microtubule-based transport of IEV or actin tail formation beneath CEV, cause a small plaque phenotype and severe attenuation [2,3]. This paper concerns the transport ...
... viruses (EEVs). CEVs are important for cell-to-cell spread, whereas EEVs mediate long-range dissemination of virus. Defects in either microtubule-based transport of IEV or actin tail formation beneath CEV, cause a small plaque phenotype and severe attenuation [2,3]. This paper concerns the transport ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants
... phototropism)2–4. Plant hormones, which are small signaling molecules, play a crucial role in regulating and coordinating plant growth and are involved in all developmental processes, including directional growth responses (tropisms)4, control of plant architecture5–7, abiotic and biotic stress resp ...
... phototropism)2–4. Plant hormones, which are small signaling molecules, play a crucial role in regulating and coordinating plant growth and are involved in all developmental processes, including directional growth responses (tropisms)4, control of plant architecture5–7, abiotic and biotic stress resp ...
Sequential depolarization of root cortical and stelar cells induced by
... Na+ was administered) turned out to be a trait that correlated strongly with the ability to thrive at high salt concentrations among a collection of barley cultivars, and K+ flux measurements could be employed to screen for salt tolerance of a particular cultivar (Chen et al. 2005). Na+-induced effl ...
... Na+ was administered) turned out to be a trait that correlated strongly with the ability to thrive at high salt concentrations among a collection of barley cultivars, and K+ flux measurements could be employed to screen for salt tolerance of a particular cultivar (Chen et al. 2005). Na+-induced effl ...
The tale beyond the tail: histone core domain
... chromatin as sensitive in vivo assays have been developed for monitoring the formation and maintenance of silent chromatin structure. These systems are based on the ability to place reporter genes in regions of silent chromatin. The most frequently used reporter gene is URA3 for which both positive ...
... chromatin as sensitive in vivo assays have been developed for monitoring the formation and maintenance of silent chromatin structure. These systems are based on the ability to place reporter genes in regions of silent chromatin. The most frequently used reporter gene is URA3 for which both positive ...
Responses to Cell Loss Become Restricted as the Supporting Cells
... Correspondence should be addressed to Jeffrey T. Corwin, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia Medical School, 409 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E-mail: jtc2k@virginia.edu. ...
... Correspondence should be addressed to Jeffrey T. Corwin, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia Medical School, 409 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E-mail: jtc2k@virginia.edu. ...
Chato, a KRAB zinc-finger protein, regulates
... defects in axis elongation were accompanied by a failure of cells to properly localize with respect to the midline. Analysis of Twist1 expression, which marks somites and lateral plate mesoderm (Quertermous et al., 1994), showed that these mesodermal tissues were located further away from the midlin ...
... defects in axis elongation were accompanied by a failure of cells to properly localize with respect to the midline. Analysis of Twist1 expression, which marks somites and lateral plate mesoderm (Quertermous et al., 1994), showed that these mesodermal tissues were located further away from the midlin ...
A novel genetic strategy reveals unexpected roles of the Swi
... The execution of transcriptional programs during development relies on precise temporaland spatial-specific regulation of gene expression, which in turn requires the modulation of chromatin structure of target genes. An important class of enzymes capable of manipulating chromatin structure is the “c ...
... The execution of transcriptional programs during development relies on precise temporaland spatial-specific regulation of gene expression, which in turn requires the modulation of chromatin structure of target genes. An important class of enzymes capable of manipulating chromatin structure is the “c ...
A Cellular Hypothesis for the Induction of Blossom
... for fruit expansion. The induction of BER occurs within 2 weeks of fruit set (Spurr, 1959; Adams and El-Gizawy, 1988), when the Ca concentration in the fruit is at its lowest (Fig. 1). The external symptoms of BER are the collapse of cells in the epidermis and subepidermal parenchyma (Spurr, 1959; S ...
... for fruit expansion. The induction of BER occurs within 2 weeks of fruit set (Spurr, 1959; Adams and El-Gizawy, 1988), when the Ca concentration in the fruit is at its lowest (Fig. 1). The external symptoms of BER are the collapse of cells in the epidermis and subepidermal parenchyma (Spurr, 1959; S ...
ERK Nuclear Translocation Is Dimerization
... the synthesis of short lived nuclear anchors (14). Clearly, regulation of ERK nuclear translocation is an essential feature of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade. The precise mechanism of ERK transport across the nuclear pore is not fully understood. ERK lacks a nuclear localization sequence, leading ...
... the synthesis of short lived nuclear anchors (14). Clearly, regulation of ERK nuclear translocation is an essential feature of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade. The precise mechanism of ERK transport across the nuclear pore is not fully understood. ERK lacks a nuclear localization sequence, leading ...
12 October 2000
... Because they bring about most of the visible changes that characterize apoptotic cell death, caspases can be thought of as the central executioners of the apoptotic pathway. Indeed, eliminating caspase activity, either through mutation or the use small pharmacological inhibitors, will slow down or e ...
... Because they bring about most of the visible changes that characterize apoptotic cell death, caspases can be thought of as the central executioners of the apoptotic pathway. Indeed, eliminating caspase activity, either through mutation or the use small pharmacological inhibitors, will slow down or e ...
TGF-β/BMP superfamily members, Gbb-60A and Dpp
... 2724 O. Khalsa and others furthermore, that multiple ligands bind to receptors on the same cell in some way eliciting a different response in that cell. Here we present evidence indicating that Gbb-60A and Dpp, two Drosophila BMP members, are both required for proper wing morphogenesis and that the ...
... 2724 O. Khalsa and others furthermore, that multiple ligands bind to receptors on the same cell in some way eliciting a different response in that cell. Here we present evidence indicating that Gbb-60A and Dpp, two Drosophila BMP members, are both required for proper wing morphogenesis and that the ...
Low and High Nucleic Acid Content Bacteria: Reality or
... incorporation and cell sorting experiment it was found that HDNA cells are active and live while LDNA cells are inactive and dead. They argued, “if the LDNA particles include active bacteria, why should there be a clear separation between both (high and low fluorescence, HDNA and LDNA) bacterial gro ...
... incorporation and cell sorting experiment it was found that HDNA cells are active and live while LDNA cells are inactive and dead. They argued, “if the LDNA particles include active bacteria, why should there be a clear separation between both (high and low fluorescence, HDNA and LDNA) bacterial gro ...
13. Traffic & Congestion Control in ATM
... Network gives feedback to ABR sources – ABR flow limited to available capacity – Buffers absorb excess traffic prior to arrival of ...
... Network gives feedback to ABR sources – ABR flow limited to available capacity – Buffers absorb excess traffic prior to arrival of ...
Golgi-targeting sequence of p230 - Journal of Cell Science
... cytoplasmic side of TGN membranes, as well as a subpopulation of non-clathrin-coated vesicles budding from the TGN (Gleeson et al., 1996). As p230 recycles between the cytosol and the membranes of the TGN, there must be a mechanism to target this peripheral membane protein specifically to TGN membra ...
... cytoplasmic side of TGN membranes, as well as a subpopulation of non-clathrin-coated vesicles budding from the TGN (Gleeson et al., 1996). As p230 recycles between the cytosol and the membranes of the TGN, there must be a mechanism to target this peripheral membane protein specifically to TGN membra ...
reproduction and bacterial symbiosis in
... and ultrastructural analysis of morphological characteristics occurring in the sequence of events during sexual reproductive processes. ...
... and ultrastructural analysis of morphological characteristics occurring in the sequence of events during sexual reproductive processes. ...
Effects of melatonin on the nitric oxide treated retina
... *p,0.05 versus all conditions; **p,0.05 versus all controls. ...
... *p,0.05 versus all conditions; **p,0.05 versus all controls. ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.