Glucose-dependent, CAMP-mediated ATP efflux from
... (Brunton & Heasley, 1988), we asked ,whether ATP release is also a feature of unicellular organisms. In this paper we describe experiments which demonstrated ATP efflux from S. cerevisiae. This efflux required glucose and was stimulated by proton ionophores and an inhibitor of the plasma membrane pr ...
... (Brunton & Heasley, 1988), we asked ,whether ATP release is also a feature of unicellular organisms. In this paper we describe experiments which demonstrated ATP efflux from S. cerevisiae. This efflux required glucose and was stimulated by proton ionophores and an inhibitor of the plasma membrane pr ...
Pattern Specification and Pattern Regulation in the Embryonic Chick
... Attempts to isolate the morphogen specifying a cell's antero-posterior positional value or the signal influencing the growth of limb bud cells have been unsuccessful thus far. MacCabe and Parker (1975) have shown that isolated ZPA mesenchyme can maintain an AER in vitro when either in contact or sep ...
... Attempts to isolate the morphogen specifying a cell's antero-posterior positional value or the signal influencing the growth of limb bud cells have been unsuccessful thus far. MacCabe and Parker (1975) have shown that isolated ZPA mesenchyme can maintain an AER in vitro when either in contact or sep ...
Assembling Neural Crest Regulatory Circuits into a Gene
... ing because information obtained from different vertebrate systems is sometimes contradictory. Fate map studies suggest that presumptive neural crest cells are in proximity to three different regions: presumptive epidermis, neural plate, and mesoderm. These tissues are thought to secrete signaling l ...
... ing because information obtained from different vertebrate systems is sometimes contradictory. Fate map studies suggest that presumptive neural crest cells are in proximity to three different regions: presumptive epidermis, neural plate, and mesoderm. These tissues are thought to secrete signaling l ...
Staphylococcus aureus , and Streptococcus pneumoniae , coli
... chamber. Interestingly, the effects of cycloheximide varied substantially according to the stimulus. Migration to intact S. pneumoniae did not require new protein synthesis with migration after cycloheximide at 98.9% of nontreated monolayers. Migration to E. coli was substantially inhibited (69.3% o ...
... chamber. Interestingly, the effects of cycloheximide varied substantially according to the stimulus. Migration to intact S. pneumoniae did not require new protein synthesis with migration after cycloheximide at 98.9% of nontreated monolayers. Migration to E. coli was substantially inhibited (69.3% o ...
Erythropoietin critically regulates the terminal
... mature over developmental time (Figure 5A and B). The persistence of some Epor-null primitive erythroblasts allowed us to analyze their maturational status, compared to wild-type littermate controls. After excluding cells with apoptotic morphology, we observed that Epor-null primitive erythroblasts ...
... mature over developmental time (Figure 5A and B). The persistence of some Epor-null primitive erythroblasts allowed us to analyze their maturational status, compared to wild-type littermate controls. After excluding cells with apoptotic morphology, we observed that Epor-null primitive erythroblasts ...
Profilin regulates the activity of p42 , a novel Myb
... environment, p42POP and profilin are found in the same protein complex. In luciferase assays, p42POP acts as repressor and this activity is substantially reduced by profilins, indicating that profilin can regulate p42POP activity and is therefore involved in gene regulation. ...
... environment, p42POP and profilin are found in the same protein complex. In luciferase assays, p42POP acts as repressor and this activity is substantially reduced by profilins, indicating that profilin can regulate p42POP activity and is therefore involved in gene regulation. ...
Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Targeting and Lack of Recycling of the
... ET1 (Chun et al., 1994). Because a significant portion of the internalized receptor/ligand complex remained undegraded within the cells for up to 2 h (Chun et al., 1995), it was suggested that the presence of this complex within the cell provided the basis for the prolonged action of ETA receptors. ...
... ET1 (Chun et al., 1994). Because a significant portion of the internalized receptor/ligand complex remained undegraded within the cells for up to 2 h (Chun et al., 1995), it was suggested that the presence of this complex within the cell provided the basis for the prolonged action of ETA receptors. ...
Helen D. Kollias and John C. McDermott
... TGF-1 and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle involve two strikingly similar pathways, which mediate some overlapping and also mutually exclusive effects. TGF-1 plays an important role in skeletal muscle development but also influences different tissues producing a plethora of outcomes. TGF-1 ...
... TGF-1 and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle involve two strikingly similar pathways, which mediate some overlapping and also mutually exclusive effects. TGF-1 plays an important role in skeletal muscle development but also influences different tissues producing a plethora of outcomes. TGF-1 ...
Evidence That Ternary Complex (eIF2-GTP-tRNAi
... suggest that small, but not large, ribosomal subunits are components of mammalian SGs. To address the issue of whether TIA-1 associates with small ribosomal subunits using biochemical means, we fractionated lysates from DU145 cells cultured in the absence or presence of arsenite (0.5 mM, 30 min) on ...
... suggest that small, but not large, ribosomal subunits are components of mammalian SGs. To address the issue of whether TIA-1 associates with small ribosomal subunits using biochemical means, we fractionated lysates from DU145 cells cultured in the absence or presence of arsenite (0.5 mM, 30 min) on ...
The Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting Pathway: A Historical
... had essentially no prApe1; all of the protein was in the mature form. We also determined (using a pep4Δ mutant as the control) that we could easily detect the precursor that accumulated when one out of ten colonies was defective for prApe1 maturation. Accordingly, even though it was laborious, Tanya ...
... had essentially no prApe1; all of the protein was in the mature form. We also determined (using a pep4Δ mutant as the control) that we could easily detect the precursor that accumulated when one out of ten colonies was defective for prApe1 maturation. Accordingly, even though it was laborious, Tanya ...
Malva verticillata seed extracts upregulate the Wnt pathway in
... Malva verticillata seed extracts stimulate the Wnt/b-catenin signalling pathway in cultured human DPCs The effects of the ethanol extract of M. verticillata seeds on the Wnt/b-catenin signalling pathway in cultured human DPCs were tested. Because the reporter plasmid contained the firefly luciferase ...
... Malva verticillata seed extracts stimulate the Wnt/b-catenin signalling pathway in cultured human DPCs The effects of the ethanol extract of M. verticillata seeds on the Wnt/b-catenin signalling pathway in cultured human DPCs were tested. Because the reporter plasmid contained the firefly luciferase ...
Identification of a Novel Gene, CIA6, Required for
... with hybrid Rubisco, in which a higher plant small subunit gene (RbcS) was transformed into a C. reinhardtii RbcS mutant background. The resultant C. reinhardtii strain contained hybrid Rubisco with native RbcS and higher plant Rubisco large subunit (RbcL). However, strains containing the hybrid Rub ...
... with hybrid Rubisco, in which a higher plant small subunit gene (RbcS) was transformed into a C. reinhardtii RbcS mutant background. The resultant C. reinhardtii strain contained hybrid Rubisco with native RbcS and higher plant Rubisco large subunit (RbcL). However, strains containing the hybrid Rub ...
Aubé et al., J Immunol, 2014
... that neutrophils are among the first inflammatory cells recruited into the CNS, which is corroborated by studies showing the presence of PMNs in the meninges before the onset of clinical symptoms (13, 17, 18). PMNs are also increasingly recognized as having pivotal functions in driving inflammatory ...
... that neutrophils are among the first inflammatory cells recruited into the CNS, which is corroborated by studies showing the presence of PMNs in the meninges before the onset of clinical symptoms (13, 17, 18). PMNs are also increasingly recognized as having pivotal functions in driving inflammatory ...
Morphine: CYP2D6 Modulation Human White Blood Cells Synthesize
... he immune-regulatory effects of opioid chemical messengers are well established (1, 2). Exogenously administered opiates are immunosuppressive, inhibiting both cellular and humoral responses via their cytokine-like effects in both the CNS and the periphery (2). In vitro exposure of human monocytes a ...
... he immune-regulatory effects of opioid chemical messengers are well established (1, 2). Exogenously administered opiates are immunosuppressive, inhibiting both cellular and humoral responses via their cytokine-like effects in both the CNS and the periphery (2). In vitro exposure of human monocytes a ...
New insights into root gravitropic signalling
... Much research and speculations have focused on how a physical signal (statolith sedimentation) can be translated into a moving physiological signal. It has been proposed that an interaction between the sedimenting amyloplasts and proteins belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum or the plasma membrane ...
... Much research and speculations have focused on how a physical signal (statolith sedimentation) can be translated into a moving physiological signal. It has been proposed that an interaction between the sedimenting amyloplasts and proteins belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum or the plasma membrane ...
Characterization of the effects of antiepileptic drugs on bone
... Bone is constantly being molded and shaped by the action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. A proper equilibrium between both cell types metabolic activities is required to ensure an adequate skeletal tissue structure, and it involves resorption of old bone and formation of new bone tissue. It is repor ...
... Bone is constantly being molded and shaped by the action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. A proper equilibrium between both cell types metabolic activities is required to ensure an adequate skeletal tissue structure, and it involves resorption of old bone and formation of new bone tissue. It is repor ...
Recent developments in the cell and molecular biology of root hairs
... physiologically important mechanisms for low affinity potassium uptake as well as regulators of membrane potential. Grabov and Bottger (1994) showed that Redox reactions are involved in the regulation of potassium channels in Limnobium stoloniferum root hairs. Many compounds can be used to de-polari ...
... physiologically important mechanisms for low affinity potassium uptake as well as regulators of membrane potential. Grabov and Bottger (1994) showed that Redox reactions are involved in the regulation of potassium channels in Limnobium stoloniferum root hairs. Many compounds can be used to de-polari ...
An autocrine Wnt5a-Ror signaling loop mediates sympathetic target
... A major challenge to understanding nervous system development has been to determine how a limited number of signaling pathways can establish a complex nervous system. In the last decade, a remarkable finding in developmental neurobiology is that many classical morphogens that direct cell fate specific ...
... A major challenge to understanding nervous system development has been to determine how a limited number of signaling pathways can establish a complex nervous system. In the last decade, a remarkable finding in developmental neurobiology is that many classical morphogens that direct cell fate specific ...
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Transforming growth factor-β and myostatin signaling in skeletal
... TGF-1 and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle involve two strikingly similar pathways, which mediate some overlapping and also mutually exclusive effects. TGF-1 plays an important role in skeletal muscle development but also influences different tissues producing a plethora of outcomes. TGF-1 ...
... TGF-1 and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle involve two strikingly similar pathways, which mediate some overlapping and also mutually exclusive effects. TGF-1 plays an important role in skeletal muscle development but also influences different tissues producing a plethora of outcomes. TGF-1 ...
Sirtuins at a Glance - Journal of Cell Science
... enzymatic activity (Imai et al., 2000). NAD is an important co-factor for the electron transport chain and is also involved in many enzymatic reactions (Houtkooper et al., 2010). Owing to the characteristic NAD requirement for their enzymatic reaction, the activity of sirtuins is directly linked to ...
... enzymatic activity (Imai et al., 2000). NAD is an important co-factor for the electron transport chain and is also involved in many enzymatic reactions (Houtkooper et al., 2010). Owing to the characteristic NAD requirement for their enzymatic reaction, the activity of sirtuins is directly linked to ...
The pharyngeal pouches and clefts: Development, evolution
... elongates forming, in its distal part, the epithelium of the tympanic cavity, and in its proximal part, the eustachian tube. Indeed, the first cleft develops into the external auditory meatus, the lateral portion of which differentiates into the entrance of the external auditory canal. The proximal e ...
... elongates forming, in its distal part, the epithelium of the tympanic cavity, and in its proximal part, the eustachian tube. Indeed, the first cleft develops into the external auditory meatus, the lateral portion of which differentiates into the entrance of the external auditory canal. The proximal e ...
Lack of correlation between trehalose accumulation, cell viability
... incubation at 40 "C, since activity was increased by sixfold in the pmal-1 mutant but by only fourfold in the control strain. In contrast, addition of 10% ethanol to exponential-phase cells of wild-type and pmal-1 mutant strains growing on glucose caused a twofold reduction in the activity of this e ...
... incubation at 40 "C, since activity was increased by sixfold in the pmal-1 mutant but by only fourfold in the control strain. In contrast, addition of 10% ethanol to exponential-phase cells of wild-type and pmal-1 mutant strains growing on glucose caused a twofold reduction in the activity of this e ...
Regulation of KNOLLE syntaxin - Journal of Cell Science
... Likewise, the Caenorhabditis syn-4 gene is involved in embryo cleavage divisions but also plays a role in nuclear membrane reformation (Jantsch-Plunger and Glotzer, 1999). In contrast to the other two syntaxins, KNOLLE is required only for de novo formation of the partitioning plasma membrane during ...
... Likewise, the Caenorhabditis syn-4 gene is involved in embryo cleavage divisions but also plays a role in nuclear membrane reformation (Jantsch-Plunger and Glotzer, 1999). In contrast to the other two syntaxins, KNOLLE is required only for de novo formation of the partitioning plasma membrane during ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.