Prox1 and fibroblast growth factor receptors form a
... Tissue morphogenesis requires cell-cell communication, often mediated by growth factors, that reprograms cellular phenotypes. This response is fine-tuned by regulation of growth factor receptor expression, allowing cells to respond to, or ignore, specific stimuli (Cross and Dexter, 1991; Scata et al ...
... Tissue morphogenesis requires cell-cell communication, often mediated by growth factors, that reprograms cellular phenotypes. This response is fine-tuned by regulation of growth factor receptor expression, allowing cells to respond to, or ignore, specific stimuli (Cross and Dexter, 1991; Scata et al ...
DEFINING THE ROLE OF THE SHP2 PROTEIN TYROSINE
... histological staining properties and the proteases they contain within their secretory granules6. Mucosal mast cells are present in mucosal epithelial tissues of the intestine and lungs, while connective tissue mast cells are present in the peritoneal cavity and skin6. Mucosal mast cells do not stai ...
... histological staining properties and the proteases they contain within their secretory granules6. Mucosal mast cells are present in mucosal epithelial tissues of the intestine and lungs, while connective tissue mast cells are present in the peritoneal cavity and skin6. Mucosal mast cells do not stai ...
Development of the lymphatic system: new questions and paradigms
... might be required in order to resolve these discrepancies. An additional transcription factor required during lymphatic specification is COUP transcription factor 2 (Coup-TFII, also known as Nr2f2). Coup-TFII, which is first expressed in the CV of the mouse embryo at E8.5, was shown to promote venou ...
... might be required in order to resolve these discrepancies. An additional transcription factor required during lymphatic specification is COUP transcription factor 2 (Coup-TFII, also known as Nr2f2). Coup-TFII, which is first expressed in the CV of the mouse embryo at E8.5, was shown to promote venou ...
The OBO Foundry Project
... A molecular function is a propensity of a gene product instance to perform actions on the molecular level of granularity. Hypothesis 1: these actions must be reliably such as to contribute to biological processes. Hypothesis 2: these actions must be reliably such as to contribute to the organism’s r ...
... A molecular function is a propensity of a gene product instance to perform actions on the molecular level of granularity. Hypothesis 1: these actions must be reliably such as to contribute to biological processes. Hypothesis 2: these actions must be reliably such as to contribute to the organism’s r ...
Role of the OPG/RANK/RANKL triad in calcifications of - HAL
... involvement in revascularization of numerous tissues. Thus, OPG induces endothelial colonyforming cell activation and is a positive regulator of microvessel formation in vivo [11]. Similarly, Cross et al also reported a pro-angiogenic effect of OPG which was expressed by tumour endothelial cells [16 ...
... involvement in revascularization of numerous tissues. Thus, OPG induces endothelial colonyforming cell activation and is a positive regulator of microvessel formation in vivo [11]. Similarly, Cross et al also reported a pro-angiogenic effect of OPG which was expressed by tumour endothelial cells [16 ...
Datasheet Blank Template - Santa Cruz Biotechnology
... κ light chain enhancer. This same sequence is also present in a number of other cellular and viral enhancers. The DNA binding activity of NFκB is activated and NFκB is subsequently transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in cells exposed to mitogens or growth factors. cDNAs encoding precursors ...
... κ light chain enhancer. This same sequence is also present in a number of other cellular and viral enhancers. The DNA binding activity of NFκB is activated and NFκB is subsequently transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in cells exposed to mitogens or growth factors. cDNAs encoding precursors ...
Sister Chromatid Cohesion Control and Aneuploidy
... understand the role of this cohesin-cofactor. Two cohesin-regulators Rad61/WapL and Pds5 are also involved in the opening/closing of cohesin ring by interactions with different cohesin subunits [Rowland et al., 2009] (fig. 2). These cofactors are necessary for cohesin complex dynamics, but are not c ...
... understand the role of this cohesin-cofactor. Two cohesin-regulators Rad61/WapL and Pds5 are also involved in the opening/closing of cohesin ring by interactions with different cohesin subunits [Rowland et al., 2009] (fig. 2). These cofactors are necessary for cohesin complex dynamics, but are not c ...
Evidence for an Extracellular Reception Site for Abscisic
... extracellular Ca2+,for depolarization (Schroeder and Hagiwara, 1990). Concomitantly, ABA triggers a rapid transient of K+ efflux (MacRobbie, 19901, which m p i t F S depolarization. In Vite Of the rapid nature Of these early responses~ which occur within seconds, these data have not excluded the pos ...
... extracellular Ca2+,for depolarization (Schroeder and Hagiwara, 1990). Concomitantly, ABA triggers a rapid transient of K+ efflux (MacRobbie, 19901, which m p i t F S depolarization. In Vite Of the rapid nature Of these early responses~ which occur within seconds, these data have not excluded the pos ...
Leaf development - The Virtual Plant
... The vascular cambium is unlike the primary meristems of the plant (root and shoot apex) in that it produces new cells and tissues which add to the axial system (i.e. the conducting system) as well as to the radial system (i.e. the lateral transport pathway). The apical meristems of the shoot and roo ...
... The vascular cambium is unlike the primary meristems of the plant (root and shoot apex) in that it produces new cells and tissues which add to the axial system (i.e. the conducting system) as well as to the radial system (i.e. the lateral transport pathway). The apical meristems of the shoot and roo ...
Molecular mapping of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in focal
... cells is about ten-fold longer (unpublished observation) than that of focal complexes found in the lamellipodia of untreated cells. Interestingly, FRET values obtained in these cells were similar for focal adhesions and focal complexes (Fig. 6). The higher FRET values in focal complexes of cells exp ...
... cells is about ten-fold longer (unpublished observation) than that of focal complexes found in the lamellipodia of untreated cells. Interestingly, FRET values obtained in these cells were similar for focal adhesions and focal complexes (Fig. 6). The higher FRET values in focal complexes of cells exp ...
Plant autophagy—more than a starvation response
... formation (Table 1). The best studied proteins involved in plant autophagy are those of the ubiquitin-like conjugation systems [19]. The first involves the formation of a covalently linked conjugate of ATG5 and ATG12. The reaction is reminiscent of the attachment of ubiquitin to proteins to tag them ...
... formation (Table 1). The best studied proteins involved in plant autophagy are those of the ubiquitin-like conjugation systems [19]. The first involves the formation of a covalently linked conjugate of ATG5 and ATG12. The reaction is reminiscent of the attachment of ubiquitin to proteins to tag them ...
Plant mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades
... components that link sensors/receptors to target genes and other cellular responses. In the past few years, it has become apparent that mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play some of the most essential roles in plant signal transduction pathways from cell division to cell death (Figure ...
... components that link sensors/receptors to target genes and other cellular responses. In the past few years, it has become apparent that mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play some of the most essential roles in plant signal transduction pathways from cell division to cell death (Figure ...
Full Paper - Calcutta Research Group
... facilitated a closer access to government machineries and functionaries by these groups. What needs to be noted is that this reciprocal relationship has not remained confined to a local topography, but has acquired a transnational character. It is this transnationally spawning symbiotic relationshi ...
... facilitated a closer access to government machineries and functionaries by these groups. What needs to be noted is that this reciprocal relationship has not remained confined to a local topography, but has acquired a transnational character. It is this transnationally spawning symbiotic relationshi ...
Enhancement of Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis and Bone Formation by
... integrins are involved in the signal transduction of translating the strain in the organic matrix to the biochemical signals in the bone cells (Juliano and Haskill, 1993). However, the role of cytokines in the cell-matrix interactions in osteoblasts has not been extensively studied. Fibroblast growt ...
... integrins are involved in the signal transduction of translating the strain in the organic matrix to the biochemical signals in the bone cells (Juliano and Haskill, 1993). However, the role of cytokines in the cell-matrix interactions in osteoblasts has not been extensively studied. Fibroblast growt ...
A proximal conserved repeat in the Xist gene is
... that there was no significant difference in stability between wildtype and mutant Xist RNA (Fig. 2B), indicating that the deletion of the A-repeat did not impair the stability of the RNA. Intriguingly, the expression level of Tsix was increased in the mutant male ES cells. The stability of Tsix RNA ...
... that there was no significant difference in stability between wildtype and mutant Xist RNA (Fig. 2B), indicating that the deletion of the A-repeat did not impair the stability of the RNA. Intriguingly, the expression level of Tsix was increased in the mutant male ES cells. The stability of Tsix RNA ...
the 5 kingdmcard 5 - Henrico County Public Schools
... Photosynthesis is the process in which plants make food from water and carbon dioxide while in the presence of sunlight. SOL 5.5 ...
... Photosynthesis is the process in which plants make food from water and carbon dioxide while in the presence of sunlight. SOL 5.5 ...
The Populus homeobox gene ARBORKNOX2 regulates
... cause leaf lobing, meristem formation on the adaxial leaf surface and increased cytokinin levels in several species (Lincoln et al., 1994; Chuck et al., 1996; Ori et al., 2000; Frugis et al., 2001). In Arabidopsis, BP overexpression plants have impaired lignin deposition in inflorescence stems durin ...
... cause leaf lobing, meristem formation on the adaxial leaf surface and increased cytokinin levels in several species (Lincoln et al., 1994; Chuck et al., 1996; Ori et al., 2000; Frugis et al., 2001). In Arabidopsis, BP overexpression plants have impaired lignin deposition in inflorescence stems durin ...
Mobile Factories: Golgi dynamics in plant cells
... The discussion about models of Golgi movement has unexpected connections to another debate that is currently occupying Golgi researchers. This debate concerns the mode of intra-Golgi transport which in principle can occur either by vesicular shuttles between stable cisternae, or by cisternal progres ...
... The discussion about models of Golgi movement has unexpected connections to another debate that is currently occupying Golgi researchers. This debate concerns the mode of intra-Golgi transport which in principle can occur either by vesicular shuttles between stable cisternae, or by cisternal progres ...
The Ovule and the Embryo Sac
... of the ovule primordium and functions as the megasporangium. That is, the nucellus produces the megasporocyte, which will undergo meiosis to form the megaspores. Shortly after ovule initiation, a single subdermal nucellar cell enlarges and displays a prominent nucleus (Figure 1A). This cell represen ...
... of the ovule primordium and functions as the megasporangium. That is, the nucellus produces the megasporocyte, which will undergo meiosis to form the megaspores. Shortly after ovule initiation, a single subdermal nucellar cell enlarges and displays a prominent nucleus (Figure 1A). This cell represen ...
spleen-facilitated vesiculation Hemoglobin loss
... half of the RBC life span.2 In accordance, RBC cohort studies using isotope-labeled glycine demonstrated a continuous presence of the label in hemoglobin degradation products with an increase during the second half of the RBC life span. Concomitantly, the label concentration in the RBC decreased,3,4 ...
... half of the RBC life span.2 In accordance, RBC cohort studies using isotope-labeled glycine demonstrated a continuous presence of the label in hemoglobin degradation products with an increase during the second half of the RBC life span. Concomitantly, the label concentration in the RBC decreased,3,4 ...
Infusion of a biotinylated bis-glucose photolabel
... GLUT1 is also expressed in the heart, both in cardiac myocytes, where it has a role in basal glucose uptake (14, 41, 51), and in endothelial cells (9). GLUT1 undergoes modest translocation to the sarcolemma with insulin and ischemia (14, 51), as it does in adipocytes (50). GLUT1 is also regulated at ...
... GLUT1 is also expressed in the heart, both in cardiac myocytes, where it has a role in basal glucose uptake (14, 41, 51), and in endothelial cells (9). GLUT1 undergoes modest translocation to the sarcolemma with insulin and ischemia (14, 51), as it does in adipocytes (50). GLUT1 is also regulated at ...
Pepsin-Mediated Processing of the Cytoplasmic Histone H2A to
... healing (9) and chemotaxis of dendritic and memory T cells (10). Although peptide antimicrobials have been purified and characterized extensively, their biological functions and the nature of their post-translational processing are not yet well understood. The most studied antimicrobial peptides are ...
... healing (9) and chemotaxis of dendritic and memory T cells (10). Although peptide antimicrobials have been purified and characterized extensively, their biological functions and the nature of their post-translational processing are not yet well understood. The most studied antimicrobial peptides are ...
A Phosphorylation State-specific Antibody Recognizes Hsp27, a
... PKD,1 originally cloned and termed PKC! and identified as a PKC (protein kinase C) family member, comprises a family of three closely related isoforms, PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3/PKC". Based on sequence similarities, PKDs are now grouped into the CAMK (calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinases) family of k ...
... PKD,1 originally cloned and termed PKC! and identified as a PKC (protein kinase C) family member, comprises a family of three closely related isoforms, PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3/PKC". Based on sequence similarities, PKDs are now grouped into the CAMK (calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinases) family of k ...
Photoactivation of GFP reveals protein dynamics within the
... membrane was found to move away from the site of laser activation at various speeds (Fig. 1c–j). t1/2 values of intensity decay ranged from 5.12 to 18.57 s (mean t1/2=9.2865.39 s, n=15) (Table 1). Visual inspection of the ER morphology in the activated region indicated a strong correlation between E ...
... membrane was found to move away from the site of laser activation at various speeds (Fig. 1c–j). t1/2 values of intensity decay ranged from 5.12 to 18.57 s (mean t1/2=9.2865.39 s, n=15) (Table 1). Visual inspection of the ER morphology in the activated region indicated a strong correlation between E ...
Regulation of gene expression by Pax6 in ocular cells: a case of
... 5'-half recognized by the PAI subdomain and its 3'-half recognegatively regulate transactivation of both Pax6 and Pax6(5a) denized by the RED subdomain (Czerny et al., 1993; Epstein et al., pending on the DNA-binding site used, P6CON or 5aCON (Yamaguchi 1994a). P6CON was derived as an “optimal” bind ...
... 5'-half recognized by the PAI subdomain and its 3'-half recognegatively regulate transactivation of both Pax6 and Pax6(5a) denized by the RED subdomain (Czerny et al., 1993; Epstein et al., pending on the DNA-binding site used, P6CON or 5aCON (Yamaguchi 1994a). P6CON was derived as an “optimal” bind ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.