A motif of eleven amino acids is a structural adaptation that
... Fig. 1. Construction of prestin chimeras containing the MESH motif and the consensus amino acid sequences of gerbil, chicken and zebrafish prestins. (A) Amino acid sequences for gerbil, chicken and zebrafish prestins. Identical residues in the consensus sequences are shown in bold with the light sha ...
... Fig. 1. Construction of prestin chimeras containing the MESH motif and the consensus amino acid sequences of gerbil, chicken and zebrafish prestins. (A) Amino acid sequences for gerbil, chicken and zebrafish prestins. Identical residues in the consensus sequences are shown in bold with the light sha ...
Word document
... studies reveal that regions of nuclease accessible, or “open” chromatin often correlate with gene regulatory regions. In some cases, a more widespread increase in accessibility is observed over entire chromatin domains, tens to hundreds of kilobases in size, encompassing active gene loci. More direc ...
... studies reveal that regions of nuclease accessible, or “open” chromatin often correlate with gene regulatory regions. In some cases, a more widespread increase in accessibility is observed over entire chromatin domains, tens to hundreds of kilobases in size, encompassing active gene loci. More direc ...
Endothelial Barrier Function Adenosine
... promotes endothelial barrier function through elevation of intracellular cAMP (4, 11). Rather little is known about the regulation of endothelial CD73 and whether this molecule contributes to endothelial permeability. The cloned CD73 gene promoter bears a cAMP response element (CRE)3 (12), which is ...
... promotes endothelial barrier function through elevation of intracellular cAMP (4, 11). Rather little is known about the regulation of endothelial CD73 and whether this molecule contributes to endothelial permeability. The cloned CD73 gene promoter bears a cAMP response element (CRE)3 (12), which is ...
Shaping the metaphase chromosome: coordination of cohesion and
... protein±DNA aggregates in vitro.(10) In the presence of topoisomerase II, cohesin stimulates intermolecular catenation of circular DNA molecules. This activity is in striking contrast to the intramolecular knotting directed by condensin.(9) Cohesin also increases the probability of intermolecular li ...
... protein±DNA aggregates in vitro.(10) In the presence of topoisomerase II, cohesin stimulates intermolecular catenation of circular DNA molecules. This activity is in striking contrast to the intramolecular knotting directed by condensin.(9) Cohesin also increases the probability of intermolecular li ...
VP5 autocleavage is required for efficient infection by in vitro
... acid of m1 plays an important role in the cleavage process. In summary, an in vitro assembly model of aquareovirus was generated in this study. The results suggest that RGCRV can serve as a tool for investigating virus entry. Based on the in vitro assembly model of GCRV, the functions of the outer-c ...
... acid of m1 plays an important role in the cleavage process. In summary, an in vitro assembly model of aquareovirus was generated in this study. The results suggest that RGCRV can serve as a tool for investigating virus entry. Based on the in vitro assembly model of GCRV, the functions of the outer-c ...
measuring force in the developing zebrafish embryo using
... system for studying these early movements in a vertebrate system. Its large, optically transparent embryos make it a good candidate for advanced microscopy techniques, and in recent years this model organism has been the setting for a host of cutting edge microscopy methodologies. One technique that ...
... system for studying these early movements in a vertebrate system. Its large, optically transparent embryos make it a good candidate for advanced microscopy techniques, and in recent years this model organism has been the setting for a host of cutting edge microscopy methodologies. One technique that ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
... become activated upon binding of their T cell receptor (TCR) to a matching peptide presented in a MHC class I molecule by an APC. For optimal T cell activation, besides TCR-stimulation, also adequate co-stimulation and activating cytokines are required9. Activated CD8+ T cells will expand and develo ...
... become activated upon binding of their T cell receptor (TCR) to a matching peptide presented in a MHC class I molecule by an APC. For optimal T cell activation, besides TCR-stimulation, also adequate co-stimulation and activating cytokines are required9. Activated CD8+ T cells will expand and develo ...
Runions et al - Oxford Academic
... membrane was found to move away from the site of laser activation at various speeds (Fig. 1c–j). t1/2 values of intensity decay ranged from 5.12 to 18.57 s (mean t1/2=9.2865.39 s, n=15) (Table 1). Visual inspection of the ER morphology in the activated region indicated a strong correlation between E ...
... membrane was found to move away from the site of laser activation at various speeds (Fig. 1c–j). t1/2 values of intensity decay ranged from 5.12 to 18.57 s (mean t1/2=9.2865.39 s, n=15) (Table 1). Visual inspection of the ER morphology in the activated region indicated a strong correlation between E ...
Isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacterial pathogens
... mevalonate pathway genes (mvaS, mvaA and mvaK1/D/ K2) were placed under the control of an inducible promoter. DNA microarray analysis was then used to investigate the associated transcriptional changes. It was observed that decreased expression of the mevalonate pathway leads to downregulation of pr ...
... mevalonate pathway genes (mvaS, mvaA and mvaK1/D/ K2) were placed under the control of an inducible promoter. DNA microarray analysis was then used to investigate the associated transcriptional changes. It was observed that decreased expression of the mevalonate pathway leads to downregulation of pr ...
Development and Characterization of New Species Cross
... cells, neutrophils, and blood leukocytes [4,10,11]. Besides cells of the granulocytic lineage, Sn is able to bind with red blood cells (RBC) in a sialic acid-dependent manner, resulting in the formation of a rosette structure when these RBC bind to Sn-expressing macrophages. This was the first ident ...
... cells, neutrophils, and blood leukocytes [4,10,11]. Besides cells of the granulocytic lineage, Sn is able to bind with red blood cells (RBC) in a sialic acid-dependent manner, resulting in the formation of a rosette structure when these RBC bind to Sn-expressing macrophages. This was the first ident ...
NPR1: the spider in the web of induced resistance signaling pathways
... A signal is generated and systemically transported throughout the plant, leading to a SA-dependent defense response that is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Subsequent inoculation of uninfected plant parts with TMV results in the formation of lesions that are significantly reduced in ...
... A signal is generated and systemically transported throughout the plant, leading to a SA-dependent defense response that is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Subsequent inoculation of uninfected plant parts with TMV results in the formation of lesions that are significantly reduced in ...
PDF
... signaling pathway. However, the regulation of these factors, including their induction, remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a crucial role for the Wilms’ tumor 1 protein (WT1) in circumvallate (CV) papillae development. WT1 is a transcription factor that is important in the normal developme ...
... signaling pathway. However, the regulation of these factors, including their induction, remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a crucial role for the Wilms’ tumor 1 protein (WT1) in circumvallate (CV) papillae development. WT1 is a transcription factor that is important in the normal developme ...
Purification, Cloning, and Functional Characterization of a Novel
... CD4(+) T cells (16 ), and also to inhibit the infection of pathogens. Although A. camphorata is able to modulate the immune systems, few of its bioactive compounds have been identified and studied. Microbial components such as lipoglycans, microbial DNA, peptidoglycans, and lipoproteins are known as ...
... CD4(+) T cells (16 ), and also to inhibit the infection of pathogens. Although A. camphorata is able to modulate the immune systems, few of its bioactive compounds have been identified and studied. Microbial components such as lipoglycans, microbial DNA, peptidoglycans, and lipoproteins are known as ...
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase
... factor-induced angiogenesis (Haas and Madri, 1999), and its gene expression is modulated during vascular remodeling, injury, and inflammation (Owens et al., 1997). A recent study showed that coronary vessel increased MMP-2 activities if NO synthase was inhibited (Matsunaga et al., 2002). Interesting ...
... factor-induced angiogenesis (Haas and Madri, 1999), and its gene expression is modulated during vascular remodeling, injury, and inflammation (Owens et al., 1997). A recent study showed that coronary vessel increased MMP-2 activities if NO synthase was inhibited (Matsunaga et al., 2002). Interesting ...
Mast cells in Complement Dependant Tolerance
... which was described earlier by Noelle and colleagues [7]. In contrast to their observations we did not notice a difference between MC density in tolerant and rejecting grafts. In our model reduction of MC took place irrespective of the graft outcome. This reduction was restricted to the presence of ...
... which was described earlier by Noelle and colleagues [7]. In contrast to their observations we did not notice a difference between MC density in tolerant and rejecting grafts. In our model reduction of MC took place irrespective of the graft outcome. This reduction was restricted to the presence of ...
PDF
... conserved role in neural epithelial organization. Here we define the cofilin 1-dependent cellular mechanisms that regulate neural tube closure in mice. Cofilin is enriched in both the apical and basal domains of the wild-type neural plate and Cfl1 mutants have dramatic and distinct defects in these ...
... conserved role in neural epithelial organization. Here we define the cofilin 1-dependent cellular mechanisms that regulate neural tube closure in mice. Cofilin is enriched in both the apical and basal domains of the wild-type neural plate and Cfl1 mutants have dramatic and distinct defects in these ...
PDF - The Journal of Immunology
... healing (9) and chemotaxis of dendritic and memory T cells (10). Although peptide antimicrobials have been purified and characterized extensively, their biological functions and the nature of their post-translational processing are not yet well understood. The most studied antimicrobial peptides are ...
... healing (9) and chemotaxis of dendritic and memory T cells (10). Although peptide antimicrobials have been purified and characterized extensively, their biological functions and the nature of their post-translational processing are not yet well understood. The most studied antimicrobial peptides are ...
NORDINImmunomodulatoryEffects2012 - QMRO Home
... Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease characterised by hyperplasia of epidermal keratinocytes and the accumulation of activated immune cells at sites of the disease. The disease is associated with aberrant activation of phagocytes, T-lymphocytes and the production of pro-inflammatory cytoki ...
... Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease characterised by hyperplasia of epidermal keratinocytes and the accumulation of activated immune cells at sites of the disease. The disease is associated with aberrant activation of phagocytes, T-lymphocytes and the production of pro-inflammatory cytoki ...
Early developmental specification of the thyroid gland depends on
... the neck area, leading to its final bilobed shape, whereas, in zebrafish and other teleosts, thyroid tissue forms an elongated strand of tissue along the ventral aorta (Wendl et al., 2002). Development of the thyroid is comparable between fish and mammals on the molecular level. The thyroid-specific ...
... the neck area, leading to its final bilobed shape, whereas, in zebrafish and other teleosts, thyroid tissue forms an elongated strand of tissue along the ventral aorta (Wendl et al., 2002). Development of the thyroid is comparable between fish and mammals on the molecular level. The thyroid-specific ...
M6PRs are found in a subset of PC12 cell ISGs
... 1981). Subsequent studies have added to the morphological definition of this compartment in a variety of cell types (for review see Tooze, 1991; Arvan and Castle, 1998). The consensus from morphological and more recent biochemical ...
... 1981). Subsequent studies have added to the morphological definition of this compartment in a variety of cell types (for review see Tooze, 1991; Arvan and Castle, 1998). The consensus from morphological and more recent biochemical ...
Role of Adenosine in Response to Vascular Inflammation
... during hypoxia, produce changes in cardiac function that persist into adulthood. Interestingly, they also identify caffeine, a widely consumed adenosine receptor antagonist, as possibly dangerous to the fetus. This emphasizes the point that adenosine produced during tissue stress plays a critically ...
... during hypoxia, produce changes in cardiac function that persist into adulthood. Interestingly, they also identify caffeine, a widely consumed adenosine receptor antagonist, as possibly dangerous to the fetus. This emphasizes the point that adenosine produced during tissue stress plays a critically ...
Nuclease activities and cell death processes
... in medicine and agriculture are produced by this genus (Baltz, 1998). In Streptomyces the exponential growth phase coincides with the vegetative phase, which is characterized by the presence of hyphae with few septa between the cells. Next an aerial mycelium phase occurs, ...
... in medicine and agriculture are produced by this genus (Baltz, 1998). In Streptomyces the exponential growth phase coincides with the vegetative phase, which is characterized by the presence of hyphae with few septa between the cells. Next an aerial mycelium phase occurs, ...
Blood Vessel Patterning at the Embryonic Midline
... 1918; Evans, 1909; Sabin, 1917, 1920). Yet until very recently, developmental blood vessel formation has been understudied relative to other developmental processes such as limb formation and neural development. This was partially due to the ubiquitous presence of blood vessels in almost all tissues ...
... 1918; Evans, 1909; Sabin, 1917, 1920). Yet until very recently, developmental blood vessel formation has been understudied relative to other developmental processes such as limb formation and neural development. This was partially due to the ubiquitous presence of blood vessels in almost all tissues ...
Prox1 and fibroblast growth factor receptors form a
... Tissue morphogenesis requires cell-cell communication, often mediated by growth factors, that reprograms cellular phenotypes. This response is fine-tuned by regulation of growth factor receptor expression, allowing cells to respond to, or ignore, specific stimuli (Cross and Dexter, 1991; Scata et al ...
... Tissue morphogenesis requires cell-cell communication, often mediated by growth factors, that reprograms cellular phenotypes. This response is fine-tuned by regulation of growth factor receptor expression, allowing cells to respond to, or ignore, specific stimuli (Cross and Dexter, 1991; Scata et al ...
Print
... lost during the first few embryonic cell divisions and does not contribute mtDNA to the offspring, although there are reports of the presence of the paternal lineage in somatic tissues (192). In one case, recombination between maternal and paternal genomes has been documented (109). In addition, bec ...
... lost during the first few embryonic cell divisions and does not contribute mtDNA to the offspring, although there are reports of the presence of the paternal lineage in somatic tissues (192). In one case, recombination between maternal and paternal genomes has been documented (109). In addition, bec ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.