Arabidopsis – a powerful model system for plant cell wall research
... To date, the cellulose synthase complex has proven intractable to biochemical analysis. The precise interactions among the three subunits within the large rosette structure are unknown, but recent data show that CESA proteins are able to form oligomers (Atanassov et al., 2009; Timmers et al., 2009). ...
... To date, the cellulose synthase complex has proven intractable to biochemical analysis. The precise interactions among the three subunits within the large rosette structure are unknown, but recent data show that CESA proteins are able to form oligomers (Atanassov et al., 2009; Timmers et al., 2009). ...
Physical interaction between pRb and cdk9/cyclinT2 complex
... During preliminary studies of cdk9/cyclin T complexes, we performed immunoprecipitations (Ips) with anity puri®ed anti-cdk9 antibody from nuclear extracts of S35-labeled NIH3T3 cells. By comparing the speci®c pattern of immunoprecipitation with an Ip performed using pre-immune rabbit serum, we iden ...
... During preliminary studies of cdk9/cyclin T complexes, we performed immunoprecipitations (Ips) with anity puri®ed anti-cdk9 antibody from nuclear extracts of S35-labeled NIH3T3 cells. By comparing the speci®c pattern of immunoprecipitation with an Ip performed using pre-immune rabbit serum, we iden ...
GO - Buffalo Ontology Site
... in all extensional contexts a defined term should be substitutable by its definition in such a way that the result is both grammatically correct and has the same truth-value as the sentence with which we ...
... in all extensional contexts a defined term should be substitutable by its definition in such a way that the result is both grammatically correct and has the same truth-value as the sentence with which we ...
Vesicle trafficking dynamics and visualization of zones of exocytosis
... apex (Parton et al., 2001). Surprisingly, growth rate oscillations in these lily pollen tubes correlated with the cyclic accumulation of FM-labelled vesicles in a region 5– 10 lm distal to the apex (Parton et al., 2001). The goal of the present study was to characterize vesicle pools and vesicle tra ...
... apex (Parton et al., 2001). Surprisingly, growth rate oscillations in these lily pollen tubes correlated with the cyclic accumulation of FM-labelled vesicles in a region 5– 10 lm distal to the apex (Parton et al., 2001). The goal of the present study was to characterize vesicle pools and vesicle tra ...
Low Catecholamine Concentrations Protect Adult Rat Ventricular
... activate or protect against programmed cell death. Other hormones, growth factors, or cytokines that are involved in the onset of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy can either have beneficial effects on cardiac myocyte survival or promote their apoptotic death. This is the case of angiotensin II, the troph ...
... activate or protect against programmed cell death. Other hormones, growth factors, or cytokines that are involved in the onset of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy can either have beneficial effects on cardiac myocyte survival or promote their apoptotic death. This is the case of angiotensin II, the troph ...
Increased Susceptibility of the Sickle Cell Membrane
... are subject to many changes due to the polymerization of hemoglobin S . Some of the membrane changes include: altered ion transport, altered cytoskeletal structure, phosphatidylserine transmembrane movement, and reduced enzyme function.‘ These changes appear to be associated with the formation of de ...
... are subject to many changes due to the polymerization of hemoglobin S . Some of the membrane changes include: altered ion transport, altered cytoskeletal structure, phosphatidylserine transmembrane movement, and reduced enzyme function.‘ These changes appear to be associated with the formation of de ...
Ligation of tumour-produced mucins to CD22 dramatically impairs
... CD22, a member of the Siglec (sialic acid-binding, immunoglobulin-like lectin) family, is a B-cell-specific glycoprotein that associates with the BCR (B-cell receptor). It is generally agreed that CD22 must be in close proximity to the BCR complex for negative regulation of signalling through recrui ...
... CD22, a member of the Siglec (sialic acid-binding, immunoglobulin-like lectin) family, is a B-cell-specific glycoprotein that associates with the BCR (B-cell receptor). It is generally agreed that CD22 must be in close proximity to the BCR complex for negative regulation of signalling through recrui ...
Det här verket är upphovrättskyddat enligt Lagen (1960
... inner membrane of the pseudopod, are moved into the cell body where they appear as colloid droplets. In addition to uptake of colloid by macropinocytosis there seems to exist a reabsorption by micropinocytosis. Thus, after injection of label into the follicle lumen in vivo the label can be detected ...
... inner membrane of the pseudopod, are moved into the cell body where they appear as colloid droplets. In addition to uptake of colloid by macropinocytosis there seems to exist a reabsorption by micropinocytosis. Thus, after injection of label into the follicle lumen in vivo the label can be detected ...
Elevated Level of Nuclear Protein Kinase C in
... specific for the o, ß,and 7 isotypes of PKC prepared as described in "Materials and Methods." In intact MCF-7 cells, multidrug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells showed a markedly en hanced immunoreactivity to PKC compared to that of drugsensitive MCF-7/WT cells (Fig. 1). The most pronounced difference was ...
... specific for the o, ß,and 7 isotypes of PKC prepared as described in "Materials and Methods." In intact MCF-7 cells, multidrug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells showed a markedly en hanced immunoreactivity to PKC compared to that of drugsensitive MCF-7/WT cells (Fig. 1). The most pronounced difference was ...
Organization of cardiac chamber progenitors in the zebrafish blastula
... contributions at 44 hpf. Lateral views of the heart, anterior towards the left. Labeled myocardial (E,F,I,J) and endocardial (G,H,K,L) progeny are marked with a blue precipitate, and myocardium is counterstained with a pink precipitate (see Materials and methods). Identities of labeled cells are det ...
... contributions at 44 hpf. Lateral views of the heart, anterior towards the left. Labeled myocardial (E,F,I,J) and endocardial (G,H,K,L) progeny are marked with a blue precipitate, and myocardium is counterstained with a pink precipitate (see Materials and methods). Identities of labeled cells are det ...
MEF2 responds to multiple calciumregulated signals in the control of
... animals, however, specialized myo®ber phenotypes are highly plastic, and are subject to physiological control by variations in motor neuron activity (Vrbova, 1963; Williams et al., 1986; Pette and Staron, 1997). Speci®cally, a sustained, tonic pattern of motor nerve ®ring directs myo®bers to the slo ...
... animals, however, specialized myo®ber phenotypes are highly plastic, and are subject to physiological control by variations in motor neuron activity (Vrbova, 1963; Williams et al., 1986; Pette and Staron, 1997). Speci®cally, a sustained, tonic pattern of motor nerve ®ring directs myo®bers to the slo ...
The SR Protein SRp38 Represses Splicing in M Phase Cells
... of which approximately a dozen have been described in mammalian systems, are modular, containing one or two N-terminal RNP-type RNA binding domains (RBD) and a C-terminal region consisting largely of multiple Arg-Ser dipeptide repeats (RS domain). They play multiple roles in splicing and have the un ...
... of which approximately a dozen have been described in mammalian systems, are modular, containing one or two N-terminal RNP-type RNA binding domains (RBD) and a C-terminal region consisting largely of multiple Arg-Ser dipeptide repeats (RS domain). They play multiple roles in splicing and have the un ...
The maxillary recess of the sphenoid sinus
... Therefore, such a maxillary recess of the sphenoid sinus seems to be anatomically located in the situs of the orbital process of the palatine bone and thus, it assumes the respective topography. The differential diagnosis with a Haller cell is relevant – the surgical procedures that approach a Halle ...
... Therefore, such a maxillary recess of the sphenoid sinus seems to be anatomically located in the situs of the orbital process of the palatine bone and thus, it assumes the respective topography. The differential diagnosis with a Haller cell is relevant – the surgical procedures that approach a Halle ...
Arabidopsis Kinetochore Fiber-Associated MAP65-4
... attach the kinetochore MTs to a spindle pole body or a centrosome. Instead, pole focusing of the kinotochore fibers has been proposed to rely on minus end–directed motors that may form cross-links between individual MTs (Smirnova et al., 1998; Chen, 2002; Ambrose et al., 2005). Selective cross-linki ...
... attach the kinetochore MTs to a spindle pole body or a centrosome. Instead, pole focusing of the kinotochore fibers has been proposed to rely on minus end–directed motors that may form cross-links between individual MTs (Smirnova et al., 1998; Chen, 2002; Ambrose et al., 2005). Selective cross-linki ...
TGF-beta SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION - University of Colorado-MCDB
... of structurally related polypeptide growth factors, each capable of regulating a fascinating array of cellular processes including cell proliferation, lineage determination, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and death. Expressed in complex temporal and tissue-specific patterns, TGF-β and related ...
... of structurally related polypeptide growth factors, each capable of regulating a fascinating array of cellular processes including cell proliferation, lineage determination, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and death. Expressed in complex temporal and tissue-specific patterns, TGF-β and related ...
Fcg Receptor Deficiency Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy
... contribution of IgG Fcg receptors to diabetic renal injury in hyperglycemic, hypercholesterolemic mice. We used streptozotocin to induce diabetes in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice and in mice deficient in both apolipoprotein E and g-chain, the common subunit of activating Fcg receptors. After 15 week ...
... contribution of IgG Fcg receptors to diabetic renal injury in hyperglycemic, hypercholesterolemic mice. We used streptozotocin to induce diabetes in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice and in mice deficient in both apolipoprotein E and g-chain, the common subunit of activating Fcg receptors. After 15 week ...
m o lo
... mechanism to ward off the predator by releasing cyanotoxins. Choi et al. (2005) speculated that microcystins are known to inhibit growth of organisms such as cladocerans, copepods, and mosquito larvae and have been shown to be allelopathetic ...
... mechanism to ward off the predator by releasing cyanotoxins. Choi et al. (2005) speculated that microcystins are known to inhibit growth of organisms such as cladocerans, copepods, and mosquito larvae and have been shown to be allelopathetic ...
Diversification of epithelial adherens junctions with independent
... EGF-like (CE) domain, and the laminin globular-like (LG) domain (Oda and Tsukita 1999). All known nonchordate cadherins and chick cHz-cadherin have a domain complex called the primitive classic cadherin domain (PCCD) complex (Oda and Tsukita 1999; Oda et al. 2002) which consists of NC, CE, and LG do ...
... EGF-like (CE) domain, and the laminin globular-like (LG) domain (Oda and Tsukita 1999). All known nonchordate cadherins and chick cHz-cadherin have a domain complex called the primitive classic cadherin domain (PCCD) complex (Oda and Tsukita 1999; Oda et al. 2002) which consists of NC, CE, and LG do ...
Organelle Assembly in Yeast: Characterization of
... (57). By this method, the parental strains and the class A vpt mutants had vacuolar morphologies identical to those observed using FD (Fig. 1, E and F). Like mammalian lysosomes (38), yeast vacuoles have an acidic pH (33) and can be labeled by dyes, such as quinacrine (1, 57), chloroquine (26), and ...
... (57). By this method, the parental strains and the class A vpt mutants had vacuolar morphologies identical to those observed using FD (Fig. 1, E and F). Like mammalian lysosomes (38), yeast vacuoles have an acidic pH (33) and can be labeled by dyes, such as quinacrine (1, 57), chloroquine (26), and ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in
... many of the underlying processes also oscillate with the same period, but usually with a different phase than the growth rate (Holdaway-Clarke and Hepler, 2003; Chebli and Geitmann, 2007; Moreno et al., 2007). Thus, growth emerges as a dynamic steady state process resulting from these myriad interac ...
... many of the underlying processes also oscillate with the same period, but usually with a different phase than the growth rate (Holdaway-Clarke and Hepler, 2003; Chebli and Geitmann, 2007; Moreno et al., 2007). Thus, growth emerges as a dynamic steady state process resulting from these myriad interac ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in
... many of the underlying processes also oscillate with the same period, but usually with a different phase than the growth rate (Holdaway-Clarke and Hepler, 2003; Chebli and Geitmann, 2007; Moreno et al., 2007). Thus, growth emerges as a dynamic steady state process resulting from these myriad interac ...
... many of the underlying processes also oscillate with the same period, but usually with a different phase than the growth rate (Holdaway-Clarke and Hepler, 2003; Chebli and Geitmann, 2007; Moreno et al., 2007). Thus, growth emerges as a dynamic steady state process resulting from these myriad interac ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.