Ruditapes decussatus (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
... the phagocytic process can be subdivided into 4 steps: (1) chemotaxis, involving the attraction of the phagocyte to the non-self material, (2) recognition, involving the attachment of the foreign material to the surface of the phagocyte, (3) internalization, and (4) intracellular degradation. Light ...
... the phagocytic process can be subdivided into 4 steps: (1) chemotaxis, involving the attraction of the phagocyte to the non-self material, (2) recognition, involving the attachment of the foreign material to the surface of the phagocyte, (3) internalization, and (4) intracellular degradation. Light ...
Uncoupling effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in isolated
... method of Berry and Friend [10] as modified by Groen et al. [11]. At the time of killing, for the same age, the body masses in the control group were slightly but significantly higher than those of the PUFA-deficient group (270³8 g compared with 234³7 g ; results given ³S.E.M. ; n ¯ 12 in each group ...
... method of Berry and Friend [10] as modified by Groen et al. [11]. At the time of killing, for the same age, the body masses in the control group were slightly but significantly higher than those of the PUFA-deficient group (270³8 g compared with 234³7 g ; results given ³S.E.M. ; n ¯ 12 in each group ...
The neutrophil in vascular inflammation
... rodents, the key molecules are CXCL1 (also known as KC) and CXCL2 (also known as MIP-2))20, whereas CXCL12 (stromal cell–derived factor-1 or SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 are involved in neutrophil retention in bone marrow21. However, CXCL12 is also crucial for neutrophil mobilization during infecti ...
... rodents, the key molecules are CXCL1 (also known as KC) and CXCL2 (also known as MIP-2))20, whereas CXCL12 (stromal cell–derived factor-1 or SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 are involved in neutrophil retention in bone marrow21. However, CXCL12 is also crucial for neutrophil mobilization during infecti ...
Guard cell photosynthesis and stomatal function
... It is also well established that there is a strong positive correlation between stomatal conductance and mesophyll photosynthesis (e.g. Wong et al., 1979; Zeiger & Field, 1982), and a close correlation between photosynthetic efficiencies in guard and mesophyll cells has also been observed (Lawson et ...
... It is also well established that there is a strong positive correlation between stomatal conductance and mesophyll photosynthesis (e.g. Wong et al., 1979; Zeiger & Field, 1982), and a close correlation between photosynthetic efficiencies in guard and mesophyll cells has also been observed (Lawson et ...
Thesis titel 1.5 final - SciDok
... Methods: This thesis has a broader aim to construct a complete artificial system for in vitro culture of cells at the liquid│liquid interface like in the developing avian eggs. Even though it was not possible to accomplish the mission in the time span of this thesis work, the preliminary investigat ...
... Methods: This thesis has a broader aim to construct a complete artificial system for in vitro culture of cells at the liquid│liquid interface like in the developing avian eggs. Even though it was not possible to accomplish the mission in the time span of this thesis work, the preliminary investigat ...
Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and Regulation - Beck-Shop
... through a number of pathways that receive and process signals originating from the external environment, from other cells within the organism and also from different regions within the cell. In addition to adapting the function of an organism to environmental changes in a signal-directed way, other ...
... through a number of pathways that receive and process signals originating from the external environment, from other cells within the organism and also from different regions within the cell. In addition to adapting the function of an organism to environmental changes in a signal-directed way, other ...
Host cell-derived lactate functions as an effector molecule in
... including the minor pilin PilX, PilW and recently characterized polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) [7–9]. The abundance of Tfp has also been shown to be critical for aggregation [10]. In addition to the amount of pili present on the surface of the bacterium, post-translational modifications of th ...
... including the minor pilin PilX, PilW and recently characterized polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) [7–9]. The abundance of Tfp has also been shown to be critical for aggregation [10]. In addition to the amount of pili present on the surface of the bacterium, post-translational modifications of th ...
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Containing Neurons and
... portion of the caudal projection may originate from cells in the olfactory epithelium and from a small group of cells in the rostral olfactory bulb. A separate reactive fiber bundle is directed toward the hypothalamus from the region of the glomeruli. Using the lectin DBA a different pattern of reac ...
... portion of the caudal projection may originate from cells in the olfactory epithelium and from a small group of cells in the rostral olfactory bulb. A separate reactive fiber bundle is directed toward the hypothalamus from the region of the glomeruli. Using the lectin DBA a different pattern of reac ...
LRRK2 and neuroinflammation: partners in crime
... Recent findings indicate elevated LRRK2 mRNA and protein expression in immune cells, particularly in microglia and astrocytes from human and rodent brain [30,75,76], and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, mainly in B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages [77,78]. Giesert et al. investigated po ...
... Recent findings indicate elevated LRRK2 mRNA and protein expression in immune cells, particularly in microglia and astrocytes from human and rodent brain [30,75,76], and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, mainly in B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages [77,78]. Giesert et al. investigated po ...
Supplementary Information
... For human framework adaption (HFA) of C47B116, four human heavy chain variable regions (VH) and three human light chain variable regions (VL) were designed to replace the mouse framework in in the variable region with human frameworks while keeping the CDRs intact, based on sequence homology analysi ...
... For human framework adaption (HFA) of C47B116, four human heavy chain variable regions (VH) and three human light chain variable regions (VL) were designed to replace the mouse framework in in the variable region with human frameworks while keeping the CDRs intact, based on sequence homology analysi ...
Ixodes scapularis the Saliva of the Lyme Disease Vector Tick
... granulocytic ehrlichiosis and babesiosis (12–15). Because ticks deliver the molecules used to confound host defenses in their saliva, this secretion is an important feeding and vector competence factor for these ectoparasites (9). Several pharmacological activities have been characterized in tick sa ...
... granulocytic ehrlichiosis and babesiosis (12–15). Because ticks deliver the molecules used to confound host defenses in their saliva, this secretion is an important feeding and vector competence factor for these ectoparasites (9). Several pharmacological activities have been characterized in tick sa ...
Memory device that programs more than two states into memory cell
... state and a hexagonal closest packing (HCP) state. These tWo crystalline states have different resistivities and may be used to store bits of data. In the following description, the amorphous state generally refers to the state having the ...
... state and a hexagonal closest packing (HCP) state. These tWo crystalline states have different resistivities and may be used to store bits of data. In the following description, the amorphous state generally refers to the state having the ...
Situs inversus and ciliary abnormalities: 20Łyears later, what is the
... embryonic epithelia have a certain position and fixed beat direction (in normal embryos) and that their beating somehow is instrumental in determining the visceral situs’ [17]. It is unclear whether Afzelius in the early years of his research was aware of experiments performed by numerous embryologi ...
... embryonic epithelia have a certain position and fixed beat direction (in normal embryos) and that their beating somehow is instrumental in determining the visceral situs’ [17]. It is unclear whether Afzelius in the early years of his research was aware of experiments performed by numerous embryologi ...
Ultrastructure of the Epidermal Cell Wall and Cuticle of Tomato Fruit
... surface area slowly decreased until it reached a minimum at red ripe. A transition period between ...
... surface area slowly decreased until it reached a minimum at red ripe. A transition period between ...
Cooperation between the RING+B1-B2 and coiled-coil
... endogenous PML by provoking its delocalization from the NBs (Le et al., 1996). However, whether the ability of PML to suppress transformation in certain experimental systems re¯ects a more general function of growth suppression and whether and how this function is lost in APL remain to be establishe ...
... endogenous PML by provoking its delocalization from the NBs (Le et al., 1996). However, whether the ability of PML to suppress transformation in certain experimental systems re¯ects a more general function of growth suppression and whether and how this function is lost in APL remain to be establishe ...
Determinants in HIV-2 Env and tetherin required for
... multiple levels, it is not surprising that the primate lentiviruses have evolved several strategies to counteract its actions. Most SIVs use the Nef protein to block tetherin [21–25], in a mechanism based on intracellular sequestration via a direct physical interaction between Nef and tetherin’s cyt ...
... multiple levels, it is not surprising that the primate lentiviruses have evolved several strategies to counteract its actions. Most SIVs use the Nef protein to block tetherin [21–25], in a mechanism based on intracellular sequestration via a direct physical interaction between Nef and tetherin’s cyt ...
Plant cell walls to ethanol
... Deconstruction of crystalline cellulose can be achieved by the activity of three enzymes: cellobiohydrolase (exocellulase, E.C. 3.2.1.91 and E.C. 3.2.1. − ), endoglucanase (endocellulase, E.C. 3.2.1.4) and β-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21). The first two enzymes act on cellulose. In comparison with many ...
... Deconstruction of crystalline cellulose can be achieved by the activity of three enzymes: cellobiohydrolase (exocellulase, E.C. 3.2.1.91 and E.C. 3.2.1. − ), endoglucanase (endocellulase, E.C. 3.2.1.4) and β-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21). The first two enzymes act on cellulose. In comparison with many ...
The Pathogen-Actin Connection: A Platform for Defense Signaling in
... into the signaling mechanisms that control not only resistance but also numerous physiological processes targeted by pathogens for virulence. For example, as described above, plants regulate the spatial orientation and organization of the actin cytoskeleton to regulate the opening and closing of sto ...
... into the signaling mechanisms that control not only resistance but also numerous physiological processes targeted by pathogens for virulence. For example, as described above, plants regulate the spatial orientation and organization of the actin cytoskeleton to regulate the opening and closing of sto ...
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila
... Loss of cell polarity and tissue architecture are characteristics of malignant cancers derived from epithelial tissues. We provide evidence from Drosophila that a group of membrane-associated proteins act in concert to regulate both epithelial structure and cell proliferation. Scribble (Scrib) is a ...
... Loss of cell polarity and tissue architecture are characteristics of malignant cancers derived from epithelial tissues. We provide evidence from Drosophila that a group of membrane-associated proteins act in concert to regulate both epithelial structure and cell proliferation. Scribble (Scrib) is a ...
Mechanisms of liver allograft rejection in man
... It has recently been demonstrated that after human transplantation donor Kupffer cells are replaced by host cells and that this may be increased during episodes of rejection [41, 421. This immigration of host Kupffer cells may be important in determining the eventual acceptance of the graft. Animal ...
... It has recently been demonstrated that after human transplantation donor Kupffer cells are replaced by host cells and that this may be increased during episodes of rejection [41, 421. This immigration of host Kupffer cells may be important in determining the eventual acceptance of the graft. Animal ...
Calcium-induced calcium release supports recruitment of synaptic
... activity to 44 ± 31% of its initial rate (n = 6, p = 0.001). Similarly, ryanodine, which blocks ...
... activity to 44 ± 31% of its initial rate (n = 6, p = 0.001). Similarly, ryanodine, which blocks ...
Sucrose and Invertase, an Uneasy Alliance
... carbon. Hexoses in the vacuole will also inhibit This is obviously not the whole story as far as ...
... carbon. Hexoses in the vacuole will also inhibit This is obviously not the whole story as far as ...
www.drmichaellevin.org
... the possibility that the mechanical stress imparted by the bending heart tube has this effect, as following our surgical manipulations, no heart tube ever forms. If the situs of organs other than the heart is not determined mechanically, then it could be set by a response to signaling molecules. The ...
... the possibility that the mechanical stress imparted by the bending heart tube has this effect, as following our surgical manipulations, no heart tube ever forms. If the situs of organs other than the heart is not determined mechanically, then it could be set by a response to signaling molecules. The ...
The auxin transporter, OsAUX1, is involved in primary root and root
... examined a possible role of auxin in regulating plant tolerance to abiotic stress, especially that caused by heavy metals. Cd is a major environmental pollutant and causes inhibition of plant growth and alteration of metabolism, leading to a decline in crop productivity. Further, it results in sever ...
... examined a possible role of auxin in regulating plant tolerance to abiotic stress, especially that caused by heavy metals. Cd is a major environmental pollutant and causes inhibition of plant growth and alteration of metabolism, leading to a decline in crop productivity. Further, it results in sever ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.