43 Confocal and Multi-Photon Imaging of Living Embryos
... Confocal and Multi-Photon Imaging of Living Embryos • Chapter 43 ...
... Confocal and Multi-Photon Imaging of Living Embryos • Chapter 43 ...
Cryptic O2 –-generating NADPH oxidase in
... Assay of O2– production by DCs In some experiments, generation of O2– by PMA-stimulated DCs was assayed by measurement of the rate of reduction of cytochrome c inhibitable by SOD. DCs (5×106 cells) were suspended in 1 ml of PBS/20 mM glucose/1 mM MgCl2/200 µM cytochrome c, in a photometric cuvette a ...
... Assay of O2– production by DCs In some experiments, generation of O2– by PMA-stimulated DCs was assayed by measurement of the rate of reduction of cytochrome c inhibitable by SOD. DCs (5×106 cells) were suspended in 1 ml of PBS/20 mM glucose/1 mM MgCl2/200 µM cytochrome c, in a photometric cuvette a ...
ELM1 is required for multidrug resistance in
... between isogenic PDR1 and pdr1-3 strains. We demonstrated that Pdr1 is constitutively bound to the PDR5 promoter. Cycloheximide induction in the wild-type PDR1 strain alters the nucleosome structure at the PDR5 upstream activating sequence (UAS) region harboring PDRE. These alternations reflect chan ...
... between isogenic PDR1 and pdr1-3 strains. We demonstrated that Pdr1 is constitutively bound to the PDR5 promoter. Cycloheximide induction in the wild-type PDR1 strain alters the nucleosome structure at the PDR5 upstream activating sequence (UAS) region harboring PDRE. These alternations reflect chan ...
Characterization of the ftsYEX operon of Escherichia coli
... the unicellular organism. Composed of phospholipids, these bilayers are boundaries between "in" and "out", presenting a selective barrier to the potential harm of an external environment while remaining permeable to the elements essential for life also present in that environment. New membranes must ...
... the unicellular organism. Composed of phospholipids, these bilayers are boundaries between "in" and "out", presenting a selective barrier to the potential harm of an external environment while remaining permeable to the elements essential for life also present in that environment. New membranes must ...
Epithelial enhancement of connective tissue
... extracellular matrix (ECM) (Kosher, Lash & Minor, 1973; Kosher & Church, 1975; Kosher & Lash, 1975; Lash & Vasan, 1978) enhance cartilage differentiation in vitro. In these later studies, cartilage differentiation was monitored largely by [35S] sulphate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans or prote ...
... extracellular matrix (ECM) (Kosher, Lash & Minor, 1973; Kosher & Church, 1975; Kosher & Lash, 1975; Lash & Vasan, 1978) enhance cartilage differentiation in vitro. In these later studies, cartilage differentiation was monitored largely by [35S] sulphate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans or prote ...
INTRODUCTION - UEA Digital Repository
... axis to the regions where the limb buds later emerge from. The FGF10 induces the expression of FGF8 in the overlying ectoderm, via another Wnt protein Wnt3a (expressed in the ectoderm). This FGF8 in the ectoderm then reinforces the expression of FGF10 in the lateral plate mesoderm, setting up a posi ...
... axis to the regions where the limb buds later emerge from. The FGF10 induces the expression of FGF8 in the overlying ectoderm, via another Wnt protein Wnt3a (expressed in the ectoderm). This FGF8 in the ectoderm then reinforces the expression of FGF10 in the lateral plate mesoderm, setting up a posi ...
Original Article Intracellular zinc distribution in mitochondria, ER and
... regulating many physiological processes. It is involved in DNA and protein synthesis, hormone packaging, mitosis, apoptosis, and many other functions [1]. Zinc is found within the cells in both a protein-bound state and as a free or chelatable divalent ion. In the protein-bound form, zinc, as a stru ...
... regulating many physiological processes. It is involved in DNA and protein synthesis, hormone packaging, mitosis, apoptosis, and many other functions [1]. Zinc is found within the cells in both a protein-bound state and as a free or chelatable divalent ion. In the protein-bound form, zinc, as a stru ...
infected nodule cells
... start codon. The reporter assays indicate that MtZIP6 is primarily expressed in the apical regions of the nodule and in the root vasculature (Fig. 2A). Sections of these organs showed that in nodules the expression was located in the differentiation zone (Zone II) and in the younger parts of the fix ...
... start codon. The reporter assays indicate that MtZIP6 is primarily expressed in the apical regions of the nodule and in the root vasculature (Fig. 2A). Sections of these organs showed that in nodules the expression was located in the differentiation zone (Zone II) and in the younger parts of the fix ...
BTK, THE TYROSINE KINASE AFFECTED IN X-LINKED
... there are 49 intron mutations affecting splice sites. Three double mutations and a single triple mutation have been detected. The gene defect of nine gross deletions have not been characterized in detail. As expected, the missense mutations appear mainly in the first two positions within the codon. ...
... there are 49 intron mutations affecting splice sites. Three double mutations and a single triple mutation have been detected. The gene defect of nine gross deletions have not been characterized in detail. As expected, the missense mutations appear mainly in the first two positions within the codon. ...
PDF - Wiley Online Library
... The phage k model of bacterial lysis The lysis cassette of k comprises four genes, S, R, Rz and Rz1, transcribed from the pR’ late promoter, encoding a total of five proteins (Young, 1992). The S gene has a dual-start motif that allows for translation initiation events at two sites defined by codons ...
... The phage k model of bacterial lysis The lysis cassette of k comprises four genes, S, R, Rz and Rz1, transcribed from the pR’ late promoter, encoding a total of five proteins (Young, 1992). The S gene has a dual-start motif that allows for translation initiation events at two sites defined by codons ...
PDF
... mechanisms similar to those used by vertebrates (Jiang et al., 2005; Munro and Odell, 2002b), and require an intact extracellular matrix (Veeman et al., 2008). Formation of intercellular lumens similar to vacuoles also contributes to notochord elongation (Dong et al., 2009; Miyamoto and Crowther, 19 ...
... mechanisms similar to those used by vertebrates (Jiang et al., 2005; Munro and Odell, 2002b), and require an intact extracellular matrix (Veeman et al., 2008). Formation of intercellular lumens similar to vacuoles also contributes to notochord elongation (Dong et al., 2009; Miyamoto and Crowther, 19 ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants Auxins are a class of
... Plants differ from most animals in having a sessile lifestyles. They are thus limited in their capacity to fight or rapidly escape from adverse environmental situations. To overcome these restrictions, plants have evolved multiple mechanisms to flexibly adapt their growth to environmental conditions ...
... Plants differ from most animals in having a sessile lifestyles. They are thus limited in their capacity to fight or rapidly escape from adverse environmental situations. To overcome these restrictions, plants have evolved multiple mechanisms to flexibly adapt their growth to environmental conditions ...
Electroporation into the Limb: Beyond Misexpression
... Limb development has been studied for over 100 years by several generations of developmental biologists. The developing limb is one of the best models with which to study pattern formation in vertebrates. We have used chick limb development to answer a simple but basic question, namely, why heteroge ...
... Limb development has been studied for over 100 years by several generations of developmental biologists. The developing limb is one of the best models with which to study pattern formation in vertebrates. We have used chick limb development to answer a simple but basic question, namely, why heteroge ...
The Drosophila Planar Polarity Proteins Inturned and
... required for either or both of the subcellular locations where Mwh accumulated, we immunolocalized Mwh in cells mutant for the PCP genes fz, Vang and stan and the PPE genes fy, frtz and in. We first considered the proximal accumulation seen just prior to and at hair initiation (32 hrs). The accumula ...
... required for either or both of the subcellular locations where Mwh accumulated, we immunolocalized Mwh in cells mutant for the PCP genes fz, Vang and stan and the PPE genes fy, frtz and in. We first considered the proximal accumulation seen just prior to and at hair initiation (32 hrs). The accumula ...
Long-Term Acclimation of the Cyanobacterium
... To understand how Chl biosynthesis is synchronized with the varying demand for Chl-binding subunits of PSI/PSII, we analyzed the Synechocystis wild type acclimated to different light intensities. Cells were first grown for 5 d under continuous illumination at 40 mE m22 s21 (moderate light [ML]) and s ...
... To understand how Chl biosynthesis is synchronized with the varying demand for Chl-binding subunits of PSI/PSII, we analyzed the Synechocystis wild type acclimated to different light intensities. Cells were first grown for 5 d under continuous illumination at 40 mE m22 s21 (moderate light [ML]) and s ...
Keystone Standards
... BIO.A.2. 1. Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth. BIO.A.2. 1.1. Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). BIO.A.2. 2. Describe and interpret relationships between structure ...
... BIO.A.2. 1. Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth. BIO.A.2. 1.1. Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). BIO.A.2. 2. Describe and interpret relationships between structure ...
Cell regulation by the Apc protein Apc as master regulator of epithelia
... proliferative. Many of the molecular details of this pathway have been described extensively in many reviews [6]. Apc negatively regulates Wnt signalling by participating in the destruction complex, a complex that targets the key effector b-catenin for degradation (reviewed in [7]). However, the pre ...
... proliferative. Many of the molecular details of this pathway have been described extensively in many reviews [6]. Apc negatively regulates Wnt signalling by participating in the destruction complex, a complex that targets the key effector b-catenin for degradation (reviewed in [7]). However, the pre ...
Separate Functions of Gelsolin Mediate Sequential Steps of
... functions of gelsolin in integrin-dependent processes have not been defined. Detailed studies of gelsolin structure using proteolytic fragments (Kwiatkowski et al., 1989; Kwiatkowski, 1999), recombinant truncations (Way et al., 1989), and crystallography (Burtnick et al., 1997) have shown that two d ...
... functions of gelsolin in integrin-dependent processes have not been defined. Detailed studies of gelsolin structure using proteolytic fragments (Kwiatkowski et al., 1989; Kwiatkowski, 1999), recombinant truncations (Way et al., 1989), and crystallography (Burtnick et al., 1997) have shown that two d ...
PDF - The Kaeberlein Lab
... effects of different mutations and, thus, to determine which genes are general regulators of aging, and which are not. While many of the mutations reported to shorten RLS have the expected phenotype in this strain background, only five single-gene deletions resulted in a statistically significant in ...
... effects of different mutations and, thus, to determine which genes are general regulators of aging, and which are not. While many of the mutations reported to shorten RLS have the expected phenotype in this strain background, only five single-gene deletions resulted in a statistically significant in ...
Anatomical Characterization and Cellular Physiology of Rat Aortic
... immunopositive for purinergic P2X2 and P2X3 receptor subunits, suggesting that ACh and ATP may act as neurotransmitters as in the related carotid body. In a novel dissociated AB culture model, subsets of type I cells exhibited elevated intracellular Ca2+ responses to hypoxia, isohydric hypercapnia, ...
... immunopositive for purinergic P2X2 and P2X3 receptor subunits, suggesting that ACh and ATP may act as neurotransmitters as in the related carotid body. In a novel dissociated AB culture model, subsets of type I cells exhibited elevated intracellular Ca2+ responses to hypoxia, isohydric hypercapnia, ...
Cellular control of cholesterol
... Cells also decrease HMG-CoA reductase activity when cholesterol levels are high. The transmembrane domains in HMG-CoA reductase are sterol sensing domains. They interact with an intermediary product in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, lanosterol. When cholesterol levels are high, lanosterol acc ...
... Cells also decrease HMG-CoA reductase activity when cholesterol levels are high. The transmembrane domains in HMG-CoA reductase are sterol sensing domains. They interact with an intermediary product in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, lanosterol. When cholesterol levels are high, lanosterol acc ...
Pax proteins and eye development Rachel Macdonald 1 and
... R e g u l a t i o n of the pax-6 g e n e is c o m p l e x T h e spatial and temporal distribution of Pax-6 during development and in the mature eye suggests highly complex regulation of the pax-6 gene. Although how this occurs remains largely unknown, analyses of the quail and mouse genes have ident ...
... R e g u l a t i o n of the pax-6 g e n e is c o m p l e x T h e spatial and temporal distribution of Pax-6 during development and in the mature eye suggests highly complex regulation of the pax-6 gene. Although how this occurs remains largely unknown, analyses of the quail and mouse genes have ident ...
The ancestral role of Brachyury: expression of NemBra1 in the basal
... several important modifications. The jelly surrounding the embryos was dissolved by treatment with 2% cysteine in NM pH 7.6 for 15– 20 min on a rotary shaker. Isolated embryos were fixed in 1.25% glutaraldehyde/4% paraformaldehyde (in NM) overnight at 4C. The samples were stored in methanol at –20 ...
... several important modifications. The jelly surrounding the embryos was dissolved by treatment with 2% cysteine in NM pH 7.6 for 15– 20 min on a rotary shaker. Isolated embryos were fixed in 1.25% glutaraldehyde/4% paraformaldehyde (in NM) overnight at 4C. The samples were stored in methanol at –20 ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.