Anatomy of Cells
... throughout the cell. This “fence” allows many lipid-soluble molecules to pass through easily—just like a picket fence allows air and water to pass through easily. However, because most of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic, cell membranes do not allow water or water-soluble molecules to pass th ...
... throughout the cell. This “fence” allows many lipid-soluble molecules to pass through easily—just like a picket fence allows air and water to pass through easily. However, because most of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic, cell membranes do not allow water or water-soluble molecules to pass th ...
Cells Cell Stimulatory Capacity to Mouse Dendritic Associated with
... and in vivo (7). Thus, we tested whether the stimuli used in the previous experiment could induce DCs to produce IL-2. The presence of IL-2 in the supernatants of activated DCs was measured 24 h after the stimulus encounter. In agreement with our previous observation (7, 29), we found that only DCs ...
... and in vivo (7). Thus, we tested whether the stimuli used in the previous experiment could induce DCs to produce IL-2. The presence of IL-2 in the supernatants of activated DCs was measured 24 h after the stimulus encounter. In agreement with our previous observation (7, 29), we found that only DCs ...
DISTRIBUTION OF PEROXISOMES - The Journal of Cell Biology
... The distribution of peroxisomes (microbodies) in the rat nephron was studied cytochemically, using glutaraldehyde- or formaldehyde-fixed tissue, by means of a-hydroxy acid oxidase activity in light microscopy of oxidation of 3 , 3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) at pH 9 in both light and electron microscopy ...
... The distribution of peroxisomes (microbodies) in the rat nephron was studied cytochemically, using glutaraldehyde- or formaldehyde-fixed tissue, by means of a-hydroxy acid oxidase activity in light microscopy of oxidation of 3 , 3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) at pH 9 in both light and electron microscopy ...
Two distinct classes of prestalk
... was screened differentially with labelled cDNA prepared from the RNA used to construct the bank and with cDNA prepared from a control, non-DIF induced, RNA preparation. Nine cDNA clones which showed differential hybridization were isolated. Cross-hybridization with purified inserts from each of the ...
... was screened differentially with labelled cDNA prepared from the RNA used to construct the bank and with cDNA prepared from a control, non-DIF induced, RNA preparation. Nine cDNA clones which showed differential hybridization were isolated. Cross-hybridization with purified inserts from each of the ...
A dsRNA Based Screen Identifies Novel Proteins Involved in
... B. Studying Hh Signaling in Drosophila Drosophila are ideal model organisms for studying the Hh signaling pathway. In Drosophila, the Hh signaling pathway is not only involved in segmentation, but also the patterning of adult appendages such as the wings and the nervous system. Most of the pathway c ...
... B. Studying Hh Signaling in Drosophila Drosophila are ideal model organisms for studying the Hh signaling pathway. In Drosophila, the Hh signaling pathway is not only involved in segmentation, but also the patterning of adult appendages such as the wings and the nervous system. Most of the pathway c ...
Embodied Computation Applying the Physics of Computation to Artificial Morphogenesis
... morphogenetic processes to accommodate artificial agents with more limited locomotive abilities than their natural counterparts. Electrostatic adhesion is another possibility [19], but it does not have the specificity of molecular adhesion, which may be crucial for morphogenesis. In addition to the ...
... morphogenetic processes to accommodate artificial agents with more limited locomotive abilities than their natural counterparts. Electrostatic adhesion is another possibility [19], but it does not have the specificity of molecular adhesion, which may be crucial for morphogenesis. In addition to the ...
Are Viruses Alive?
... We decide what is a living organism and We look if specific biological entities (viruses?) fit with our definition We decide which biological entities are living and we propose a definition based on their properties ...
... We decide what is a living organism and We look if specific biological entities (viruses?) fit with our definition We decide which biological entities are living and we propose a definition based on their properties ...
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induce Plasma Cell Differentiation
... pDCs differentiate into mature DCs able to induce the differentiation of CD4⫹ T cells into IFN-␥- and IL-10secreting cells (Kadowaki et al., 2000). These cytokines further contribute to antiviral protection directly and indirectly by recruiting other immune effectors. Thus, IFN-␥ is an antiviral age ...
... pDCs differentiate into mature DCs able to induce the differentiation of CD4⫹ T cells into IFN-␥- and IL-10secreting cells (Kadowaki et al., 2000). These cytokines further contribute to antiviral protection directly and indirectly by recruiting other immune effectors. Thus, IFN-␥ is an antiviral age ...
2) A dynamic cell adhesion surface regulates tissue architecture in
... both cytokinesis and following rotation, observations that validate previous results (Fig. 2K,L) (Li and Dudley, 2009). Although many of the key features of chondrocyte behavior were observed previously in tissue sections, live imaging yielded several important new observations. First, it was intrig ...
... both cytokinesis and following rotation, observations that validate previous results (Fig. 2K,L) (Li and Dudley, 2009). Although many of the key features of chondrocyte behavior were observed previously in tissue sections, live imaging yielded several important new observations. First, it was intrig ...
Select Acetophenones Modulate Flagellar Motility in Chlamydomonas
... active compound, 4-nitroacetophenone, also showed antibacterial activity against several other species in a second study (15). This study suggested that external cell hydrophobicity was correlated with activity, which could explain why the compounds are inhibitory toward the very lipid-rich mycobact ...
... active compound, 4-nitroacetophenone, also showed antibacterial activity against several other species in a second study (15). This study suggested that external cell hydrophobicity was correlated with activity, which could explain why the compounds are inhibitory toward the very lipid-rich mycobact ...
Alfy, a novel FYVE-domain-containing protein associated with
... (mainly) class III phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI-3-kinases) (Vanhaesebroeck et al., 2001). This lipid is crucial for endocytic and autophagic membrane traffic (Simonsen et al., 2001) and we are beginning to learn some of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The identification of two conserved prote ...
... (mainly) class III phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI-3-kinases) (Vanhaesebroeck et al., 2001). This lipid is crucial for endocytic and autophagic membrane traffic (Simonsen et al., 2001) and we are beginning to learn some of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The identification of two conserved prote ...
Inflammation near the Nerve Cell Body
... Ganglionic injection of C. parvum stimulated axonal regeneration in the dorsal root as measuredby counts of thinly myelinated fibers 17 d after crushing (Fig. 2). At both 10 and 15 mm from the DRG, fiber counts were significantly higher in roots associatedwith C. parvum injection than in contralater ...
... Ganglionic injection of C. parvum stimulated axonal regeneration in the dorsal root as measuredby counts of thinly myelinated fibers 17 d after crushing (Fig. 2). At both 10 and 15 mm from the DRG, fiber counts were significantly higher in roots associatedwith C. parvum injection than in contralater ...
Mechanics of the Cvtoskeleton
... Abstract This chapter summarizesevidencefor a cytoskeletalfunction in tensegral integrationon both the organismaland the cellular levels.The plant cytoskeleton consistsof two major elements,microtubulesand actin filaments.The spatial organization of these elements is highly dynamic and changes funda ...
... Abstract This chapter summarizesevidencefor a cytoskeletalfunction in tensegral integrationon both the organismaland the cellular levels.The plant cytoskeleton consistsof two major elements,microtubulesand actin filaments.The spatial organization of these elements is highly dynamic and changes funda ...
Chronic Immune Reactivity Against Persisting Microbial Antigen in
... through the viral US28 gene product which functions as a chemokine receptor and enhances the migration of smooth muscle cells in response to inflammatory chemokines.9 Likewise, the chemokine receptor M33 of the murine CMV (MCMV) is essential for MCMV-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells ...
... through the viral US28 gene product which functions as a chemokine receptor and enhances the migration of smooth muscle cells in response to inflammatory chemokines.9 Likewise, the chemokine receptor M33 of the murine CMV (MCMV) is essential for MCMV-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells ...
Transcription Factor Positive Regulatory Domain 4 (PRDM4) recruits Protein Arginine
... neurogenesis can be recapitulated by individua l mouse cortical NSCs isolated at embryonic day 10 (E10) and cultured at low density in vitro (2,3). This suggests that the temporal program of NSC division and cell fate specification is cell-intrinsic, but the molecular nature of the program is not kn ...
... neurogenesis can be recapitulated by individua l mouse cortical NSCs isolated at embryonic day 10 (E10) and cultured at low density in vitro (2,3). This suggests that the temporal program of NSC division and cell fate specification is cell-intrinsic, but the molecular nature of the program is not kn ...
Changes in Red Blood Cell Electrolytes and ATP in
... hemorrhagic shock as indicated by intracellular-extracellularredistribution of water and electrolytes in skeletal muscle and myocardium and a fall in skeletal muscle transmembrane potential (1, 2, 8), there are no studies of the cellular effects of hemorrhage in the newborn. The ease of obtaining is ...
... hemorrhagic shock as indicated by intracellular-extracellularredistribution of water and electrolytes in skeletal muscle and myocardium and a fall in skeletal muscle transmembrane potential (1, 2, 8), there are no studies of the cellular effects of hemorrhage in the newborn. The ease of obtaining is ...
as a PDF
... lines proliferated only when antigen was presented in the context of a responder DR allele but not when presented in the context of a low responder DR allele. Analysis of immune sera revealed that those from donors with PBMC proliferative responses always contained antibodies reactive with B cell ep ...
... lines proliferated only when antigen was presented in the context of a responder DR allele but not when presented in the context of a low responder DR allele. Analysis of immune sera revealed that those from donors with PBMC proliferative responses always contained antibodies reactive with B cell ep ...
Identification and localization of a β‐COP‐like protein involved in the
... mammalian COPI-coated vesicles. These latter vesicles are thought to be able selectively to co-opt and transport membrane proteins and soluble molecules in a retrograde direction and, some believe, in an anterograde direction as well through mammalian Golgi stacks (Nickel and Wieland, 1997; Harter, ...
... mammalian COPI-coated vesicles. These latter vesicles are thought to be able selectively to co-opt and transport membrane proteins and soluble molecules in a retrograde direction and, some believe, in an anterograde direction as well through mammalian Golgi stacks (Nickel and Wieland, 1997; Harter, ...
The perichromatin region of the plant cell nucleus is the area with
... onion. The total area of the speckles labelled with the 3C5 antibody was 17 % larger than the area labelled with the 780-3 antibody (Fig. 1e). Projections of confocal sections after 3C5 immunolabelling showed few speckles in the nucleus of meristematic cells (Supplemental data Fig. S1e). The area of ...
... onion. The total area of the speckles labelled with the 3C5 antibody was 17 % larger than the area labelled with the 780-3 antibody (Fig. 1e). Projections of confocal sections after 3C5 immunolabelling showed few speckles in the nucleus of meristematic cells (Supplemental data Fig. S1e). The area of ...
PDF
... (Fig. 1A,C). The FSC niche is an example of a dynamic epithelial stem cell niche with similarities to niches in other epithelial tissues (Sahai-Hernandez et al., 2012; Sahai-Hernandez and Nystul, 2013). The FSC contributes to formation of its own niche through secretion of the extracellular matrix ( ...
... (Fig. 1A,C). The FSC niche is an example of a dynamic epithelial stem cell niche with similarities to niches in other epithelial tissues (Sahai-Hernandez et al., 2012; Sahai-Hernandez and Nystul, 2013). The FSC contributes to formation of its own niche through secretion of the extracellular matrix ( ...
Chapter 7: Cellular Structure and Function - Bellbrook
... Look again at Figure 7.4 and compare the types of cells. You can see why scientists place them into two broad categories that are based on internal structures. Both have a plasma membrane, but one cell contains many distinct internal structures called organelles—specialized structures that carry ou ...
... Look again at Figure 7.4 and compare the types of cells. You can see why scientists place them into two broad categories that are based on internal structures. Both have a plasma membrane, but one cell contains many distinct internal structures called organelles—specialized structures that carry ou ...
Purifying rfp Protein
... One molecular attribute commonly used in purification is protein hydrophobicity. The term hydrophobicity is related to the behavior of a molecule in water. If a molecule is hydrophobic, it fears water while hydrophilic molecules love water. For example, oils, waxes and fats are hydrophobic; they do ...
... One molecular attribute commonly used in purification is protein hydrophobicity. The term hydrophobicity is related to the behavior of a molecule in water. If a molecule is hydrophobic, it fears water while hydrophilic molecules love water. For example, oils, waxes and fats are hydrophobic; they do ...
glycolytic and associated enzymes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus
... inhibited by ATP (/50 =5mmoll~ 1 ), but was not sensitive to alanine inhibition or fructose-1,6-bisphosphate activation. The properties of red cell PK were similar to those of the muscle-type enzyme. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the trout erythrocyte resembled LDH from trout heart in terms of py ...
... inhibited by ATP (/50 =5mmoll~ 1 ), but was not sensitive to alanine inhibition or fructose-1,6-bisphosphate activation. The properties of red cell PK were similar to those of the muscle-type enzyme. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the trout erythrocyte resembled LDH from trout heart in terms of py ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.