Intercellular signalling and the multiplication of prokaryotes
... Of course any substance produced by cells in the culture supernatants may have growthaffecting properties, those of CO 2 being well known (Dixon & Kell, 1989). Notwithstanding the long history of the inoculumdependent lag phase, however, little is known about the nature of the secreted substanc ...
... Of course any substance produced by cells in the culture supernatants may have growthaffecting properties, those of CO 2 being well known (Dixon & Kell, 1989). Notwithstanding the long history of the inoculumdependent lag phase, however, little is known about the nature of the secreted substanc ...
Lyt-23+ CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-SENSITIVE T CELLS REGULATE
... Recently, some of the rules governing the in vitro activation of murine cytotoxic Tlymphocytes (CTL)' have become unravelled (reviewed in 1, 2) . Accordingly, a cascade of cell-cell interactions results in the activation of antigen-specific CTLprecursors (CTL-P) (3-6) . The realization that biologic ...
... Recently, some of the rules governing the in vitro activation of murine cytotoxic Tlymphocytes (CTL)' have become unravelled (reviewed in 1, 2) . Accordingly, a cascade of cell-cell interactions results in the activation of antigen-specific CTLprecursors (CTL-P) (3-6) . The realization that biologic ...
KLF4 N-Terminal Variance Modulates Induced Reprogramming to
... As the quintessential reprogramming model, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC re-wire somatic cells to achieve induced pluripotency. Yet, subtle differences in methodology confound comparative studies of reprogramming mechanisms. Employing transposons, we systematically assessed cellular and molecular ha ...
... As the quintessential reprogramming model, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC re-wire somatic cells to achieve induced pluripotency. Yet, subtle differences in methodology confound comparative studies of reprogramming mechanisms. Employing transposons, we systematically assessed cellular and molecular ha ...
Plant responses to environmental stress
... sequences that control regulation of TCH gene expression as another approach to determining how dierent environmental stimuli lead to the strong and transient increases in TCH mRNA levels. If, for example, the model in Fig. 2A is correct, one would expect that there are distinct cis regulatory elem ...
... sequences that control regulation of TCH gene expression as another approach to determining how dierent environmental stimuli lead to the strong and transient increases in TCH mRNA levels. If, for example, the model in Fig. 2A is correct, one would expect that there are distinct cis regulatory elem ...
Project Details - School of Biomedical Sciences
... Taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) is a semi-essential amino acid, which is not incorporated into proteins. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-p ...
... Taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) is a semi-essential amino acid, which is not incorporated into proteins. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-p ...
12-N. Ohno.indd - PJM ONLINE | Polish Journal of Microbiology
... Candida species and the induction of several biological effects of the C. albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS), including acute anaphylactoid shock, coronary arteritis, and complement activation. Specifically, a 1,2-β-mannosyl linkage within the mannan moiety of these fractions significantly reduc ...
... Candida species and the induction of several biological effects of the C. albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS), including acute anaphylactoid shock, coronary arteritis, and complement activation. Specifically, a 1,2-β-mannosyl linkage within the mannan moiety of these fractions significantly reduc ...
PDF
... teloblasts (N, 0, P, and Q) generates a bandlet of blast cell progeny that merges with ipsilateral bandlets into a germinal band. Left and right germinal bands coalesce into the germinal plate which gives rise to the segmental tissues of the leech and wherein the progeny of each teloblast generate a ...
... teloblasts (N, 0, P, and Q) generates a bandlet of blast cell progeny that merges with ipsilateral bandlets into a germinal band. Left and right germinal bands coalesce into the germinal plate which gives rise to the segmental tissues of the leech and wherein the progeny of each teloblast generate a ...
wingless acts through the shaggy/zeste-white 3
... inappropriate patterns leads to respecification of cell fate in Drosophila and Xenopus embryos (McMahon and Moon, 1989; Sokol et al., 1991; Smith and Harland, 1991; Noordermeer et al., 1992; but see Sampedro et al., 1993). Recently, Struhl and Basler (1993) have proposed that the secreted Wg protein ...
... inappropriate patterns leads to respecification of cell fate in Drosophila and Xenopus embryos (McMahon and Moon, 1989; Sokol et al., 1991; Smith and Harland, 1991; Noordermeer et al., 1992; but see Sampedro et al., 1993). Recently, Struhl and Basler (1993) have proposed that the secreted Wg protein ...
m5zn_7e2104c47c4f1d9
... about 75% of the lipids are phospholipids. The phospholipids line up in two parallel rows, forming a phospholipids (lipid) bilayer.. This arrangement occurs because the phospholipids are amphipathic, amphipathic means that, they have both polar and non polar regions. the polar part is the phosphate ...
... about 75% of the lipids are phospholipids. The phospholipids line up in two parallel rows, forming a phospholipids (lipid) bilayer.. This arrangement occurs because the phospholipids are amphipathic, amphipathic means that, they have both polar and non polar regions. the polar part is the phosphate ...
Chapter 2 The Microsporangium and the Pollen Grain
... have been observed in Helianthus annuus. The peripheral tapetal cells become extremely vacuolate and large dictyosomes are formed which produce numerous small, single membrane-bound vacuoles. Many such vacuoles become enclosed by an element of ER, and result in multivesiculate bodies, which also sho ...
... have been observed in Helianthus annuus. The peripheral tapetal cells become extremely vacuolate and large dictyosomes are formed which produce numerous small, single membrane-bound vacuoles. Many such vacuoles become enclosed by an element of ER, and result in multivesiculate bodies, which also sho ...
AGING Dr Aubrey de Grey Chief Science Officer
... Death-resistant cells Mitochondrial mutations Intracellular junk Extracellular junk Extracellular crosslinks ...
... Death-resistant cells Mitochondrial mutations Intracellular junk Extracellular junk Extracellular crosslinks ...
Notochord morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis
... (B) The developed notochord shows breakup of the labeled patch caused by cell intercalation within the tissue. The notochord (labeled n) extends vertically along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo and isflankedby somitic mesoderm (labeled s) (from Keller and Tibbetts, 1989, with permission). ...
... (B) The developed notochord shows breakup of the labeled patch caused by cell intercalation within the tissue. The notochord (labeled n) extends vertically along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo and isflankedby somitic mesoderm (labeled s) (from Keller and Tibbetts, 1989, with permission). ...
The Boron Requirement and Cell Wall Properties
... Suspension-cultured Chenopodium album L. cells are capable of continuous, long-term growth on a boron-deficient medium. Compared with cultures grown with boron, these cultures contained more enlarged and detached cells, had increased turbidity due to the rupture of a small number of cells, and conta ...
... Suspension-cultured Chenopodium album L. cells are capable of continuous, long-term growth on a boron-deficient medium. Compared with cultures grown with boron, these cultures contained more enlarged and detached cells, had increased turbidity due to the rupture of a small number of cells, and conta ...
HOXs and lincRNAs: Two sides of the same coin
... transcripts are implicated in activation and repression through opening large chromatin domains, maintenance of active chromatin state, or RNA interference–mediated silencing processes, as shown for the globin gene cluster (16, 18, 20). These lincRNAs can affect gene regulation through both cis and ...
... transcripts are implicated in activation and repression through opening large chromatin domains, maintenance of active chromatin state, or RNA interference–mediated silencing processes, as shown for the globin gene cluster (16, 18, 20). These lincRNAs can affect gene regulation through both cis and ...
Defining the Three Cell Lineages of the Human Blastocyst by Single
... POU5F1 and SOX2 (Fig. 3A and Table S3). By contrast the presumptive TE samples were enriched for genes including GATA2, GATA3, CDX2 and KRT18, whereas the PE samples were enriched for GATA4, GATA6, SOX17 and COL4A1. We also performed an independent test using DESeq (Anders and Huber, 2010), which fi ...
... POU5F1 and SOX2 (Fig. 3A and Table S3). By contrast the presumptive TE samples were enriched for genes including GATA2, GATA3, CDX2 and KRT18, whereas the PE samples were enriched for GATA4, GATA6, SOX17 and COL4A1. We also performed an independent test using DESeq (Anders and Huber, 2010), which fi ...
The role of the cytoskeleton in the polarized growth of
... the experiment designed to examine the effects of treatment with CA and benomyl together, one drug was added to cells that had been cultured in GI medium for 45 min and the other was added to the culture 15 min later. In a parallel experiment, the order of administration of drugs was reversed. Fluor ...
... the experiment designed to examine the effects of treatment with CA and benomyl together, one drug was added to cells that had been cultured in GI medium for 45 min and the other was added to the culture 15 min later. In a parallel experiment, the order of administration of drugs was reversed. Fluor ...
View/Open - Digital Collections
... glycerine jelly on slides or in glycerine between two paraffin-sealed cover slips. Naturally macerated cuticle, found at Dutch Gap, was mounted in glycerine on slides pending further study. No dispersed cuticle was observed with SEM due to the small number of specimens available. RESULTS-Over30 spec ...
... glycerine jelly on slides or in glycerine between two paraffin-sealed cover slips. Naturally macerated cuticle, found at Dutch Gap, was mounted in glycerine on slides pending further study. No dispersed cuticle was observed with SEM due to the small number of specimens available. RESULTS-Over30 spec ...
Cellular Force Microscopy for in Vivo
... structure of the cell wall (Baskin, 2005; Cosgrove, 2005; Thompson, 2005; Schopfer, 2006), the wall elastic modulus is expected to be much lower in the transverse direction than parallel to the surface plane (Jäger et al., 2011; Milani et al., 2011). Since growth depends primarily on the in-plane d ...
... structure of the cell wall (Baskin, 2005; Cosgrove, 2005; Thompson, 2005; Schopfer, 2006), the wall elastic modulus is expected to be much lower in the transverse direction than parallel to the surface plane (Jäger et al., 2011; Milani et al., 2011). Since growth depends primarily on the in-plane d ...
The synthesis and migration of nuclear proteins during mitosis and
... Mitotic nuclei If proteins leave the nuclear apparatus during mitosis in this experiment, then the radioactivity of the chromosomes in mitotic cells ought to be less than that of the interphase nuclei. This should be true for both tissues of all the animals regardless of the interval between injecti ...
... Mitotic nuclei If proteins leave the nuclear apparatus during mitosis in this experiment, then the radioactivity of the chromosomes in mitotic cells ought to be less than that of the interphase nuclei. This should be true for both tissues of all the animals regardless of the interval between injecti ...
NIH Public Access - McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research
... the AHR leads to hepatocellular damage, thymic involution, cancer, and immunosuppression (Schmidt et al. 1993). The AHR also has a role in normal organ development, as the AHR null mouse (AHR−/−) has phenotypic abnormalities in hepatic vascular development (Schmidt et al. 1996). There are many known ...
... the AHR leads to hepatocellular damage, thymic involution, cancer, and immunosuppression (Schmidt et al. 1993). The AHR also has a role in normal organ development, as the AHR null mouse (AHR−/−) has phenotypic abnormalities in hepatic vascular development (Schmidt et al. 1996). There are many known ...
PDF
... previously (Doucet and Ryugo, 1997), a small injection of BDA into the DCN (Fig. 1A) produces a distinctive pattern of labeling in the VCN (Fig. 1B). Nearly every coronal section through the cochlear nucleus contained a labeled band filled with axons, terminals, dendrites, and cell bodies. The dorsa ...
... previously (Doucet and Ryugo, 1997), a small injection of BDA into the DCN (Fig. 1A) produces a distinctive pattern of labeling in the VCN (Fig. 1B). Nearly every coronal section through the cochlear nucleus contained a labeled band filled with axons, terminals, dendrites, and cell bodies. The dorsa ...
Gibberellins accumulate in the elongating endodermal cells of
... to test whether the strategy used for GA3 labeling is also effective for other bioactive GAs. Thus, GA4 was labeled with fluorescein similarly to GA3-Fl (Fig. 1G) and tested for its activity. The fluorescent conjugate (GA4-Fl) had comparable activity to GA4 with respect to germination (Fig. 1H) and ro ...
... to test whether the strategy used for GA3 labeling is also effective for other bioactive GAs. Thus, GA4 was labeled with fluorescein similarly to GA3-Fl (Fig. 1G) and tested for its activity. The fluorescent conjugate (GA4-Fl) had comparable activity to GA4 with respect to germination (Fig. 1H) and ro ...
Oscillatory Dynamics for Active Membranes Coupled by
... Schematic diagram showing the intracellular reactions and external bulk diffusion of the signal. The small blue shaded regions are the signalling compartments or “cells”. The red dots are the signalling molecule undergoing passive bulk diffusion. There is an exchange across each cell membrane regula ...
... Schematic diagram showing the intracellular reactions and external bulk diffusion of the signal. The small blue shaded regions are the signalling compartments or “cells”. The red dots are the signalling molecule undergoing passive bulk diffusion. There is an exchange across each cell membrane regula ...
Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in branching
... moved to center stage in developmental genetics. The conservation of genetic regulatory cascades and networks during evolution argues that simple model organisms might contribute important information concerning organ formation, although the architecture of these organs is simpler and their function ...
... moved to center stage in developmental genetics. The conservation of genetic regulatory cascades and networks during evolution argues that simple model organisms might contribute important information concerning organ formation, although the architecture of these organs is simpler and their function ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.