Department of Developmental and Cell Biology
... Genetics majors begin their study in the junior year with three required major courses (BIO SCI D103, BIO SCI D104) and (BIO SCI D113. In addition to these required major courses, students will choose six additional upper-division Biology Elective courses. Certain courses are designed to give studen ...
... Genetics majors begin their study in the junior year with three required major courses (BIO SCI D103, BIO SCI D104) and (BIO SCI D113. In addition to these required major courses, students will choose six additional upper-division Biology Elective courses. Certain courses are designed to give studen ...
the extracellular electrical current pattern and its variability in
... 1:1 with distilled water, or sucrose was added in order to test for osmotic effects on the current pattern. The osmolarity was determined with a Knauer Halbmikro-Osmometer. We changed the usual pH of the medium from 6-8 to pH 9 or 5 to see whether H + participated in the currents. Also cytochalasin ...
... 1:1 with distilled water, or sucrose was added in order to test for osmotic effects on the current pattern. The osmolarity was determined with a Knauer Halbmikro-Osmometer. We changed the usual pH of the medium from 6-8 to pH 9 or 5 to see whether H + participated in the currents. Also cytochalasin ...
Aprotinin Preserves Cellular Junctions and Reduces
... high-intensity and more continuous signals of the -catenin– and ␥-catenin–labeled endothelial cells after aprotinin treatment compared with the lower-intensity and irregular signals of labeled endothelial cells from the control group. ...
... high-intensity and more continuous signals of the -catenin– and ␥-catenin–labeled endothelial cells after aprotinin treatment compared with the lower-intensity and irregular signals of labeled endothelial cells from the control group. ...
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... periodicity as that of somite formation. This periodicity is species specific; in chick it is 90 min, in mouse 120 min and in humans 4-5 h (Dequeant and Pourquie, 2008). The majority of known clock genes belong to the Notch pathway (reviewed by Dequéant and Pourquié, 2008; Gibb et al., 2010; Kageyam ...
... periodicity as that of somite formation. This periodicity is species specific; in chick it is 90 min, in mouse 120 min and in humans 4-5 h (Dequeant and Pourquie, 2008). The majority of known clock genes belong to the Notch pathway (reviewed by Dequéant and Pourquié, 2008; Gibb et al., 2010; Kageyam ...
Extrapolation of elementary rate constants of P
... measured using the SDS software of the ABI PrismTM 7900HT Sequence Detection System (TaqManTM) starting with 10 minutes at 95 °C, followed by 40 cycles of 15 seconds at 95 °C and 1 minute at 60 °C. Each sample was analyzed in triplicate. The targeted mRNA in MDCKII-hMDR1NKI and Caco-2 cells was norm ...
... measured using the SDS software of the ABI PrismTM 7900HT Sequence Detection System (TaqManTM) starting with 10 minutes at 95 °C, followed by 40 cycles of 15 seconds at 95 °C and 1 minute at 60 °C. Each sample was analyzed in triplicate. The targeted mRNA in MDCKII-hMDR1NKI and Caco-2 cells was norm ...
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... During development, the normal differentiation of complex organs involves interactions between the tissues of these organs. Isolation and growth of tissues in vitro and tissue recombination experiments have demonstrated that the extent to which the tissues of an organ are dependent upon reciprocal i ...
... During development, the normal differentiation of complex organs involves interactions between the tissues of these organs. Isolation and growth of tissues in vitro and tissue recombination experiments have demonstrated that the extent to which the tissues of an organ are dependent upon reciprocal i ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... thymic cortex that lasts up to three weeks (e7 - day7 posthatch, e12 - d12, and e18- d18) (Cooper et al., 1991). These waves give rise to three distinct populations of T cells, which express γδ, αβ1 and αβ2 T cell receptor (TCR), respectively. In contrast, commitment to the B cell lineage and expans ...
... thymic cortex that lasts up to three weeks (e7 - day7 posthatch, e12 - d12, and e18- d18) (Cooper et al., 1991). These waves give rise to three distinct populations of T cells, which express γδ, αβ1 and αβ2 T cell receptor (TCR), respectively. In contrast, commitment to the B cell lineage and expans ...
Through form to function: root hair development and nutrient uptake
... tip-focused [Ca21]cyt gradient reorients root hair growth towards The complex developmental processes outlined above lead to the the new gradient18. These observations are all consistent with a hair-like growth pattern of root hairs. This in turn increases the model whereby a localized increase in [ ...
... tip-focused [Ca21]cyt gradient reorients root hair growth towards The complex developmental processes outlined above lead to the the new gradient18. These observations are all consistent with a hair-like growth pattern of root hairs. This in turn increases the model whereby a localized increase in [ ...
INSULIN RESISTANCE IN H-35 RAT HEPATO~A CELLS IS
... Effect of insulin on the insulin induction of tyrosine aminotransferase Insulin (300 ng/ml) stimulates a 3-4-fold induction of TAT activity which is maximal by 5-6 h of incubation (Fig. 1A). This is similar to previously published data (Iwamoto et al., 1981; Lee et al., 1970). By 24 h of incubation, ...
... Effect of insulin on the insulin induction of tyrosine aminotransferase Insulin (300 ng/ml) stimulates a 3-4-fold induction of TAT activity which is maximal by 5-6 h of incubation (Fig. 1A). This is similar to previously published data (Iwamoto et al., 1981; Lee et al., 1970). By 24 h of incubation, ...
Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts: function of the junction
... function that is also carried out at the ER–mitochondria junction14. Cells with defective members of the ERMES complex have a lower rate of PS conversion to PC than wild-type cells, indicating that ERMES may be important for coupling at sites of lipid exchange11. However, others have reported no sig ...
... function that is also carried out at the ER–mitochondria junction14. Cells with defective members of the ERMES complex have a lower rate of PS conversion to PC than wild-type cells, indicating that ERMES may be important for coupling at sites of lipid exchange11. However, others have reported no sig ...
Spiralian Development: A Perspective Seventy
... macromeres and the Arabic numerals 1-4 Spiral cleavage is characterized by a rota- for the first micromeres, in his description tional movement of cell parts around the of pteropod cleavage. Whitman (1878) egg axis, leading to an inclination of the who, perhaps more than any other invesdivision spin ...
... macromeres and the Arabic numerals 1-4 Spiral cleavage is characterized by a rota- for the first micromeres, in his description tional movement of cell parts around the of pteropod cleavage. Whitman (1878) egg axis, leading to an inclination of the who, perhaps more than any other invesdivision spin ...
The Aspergillus fumigatus cspA Gene Encoding a Repeat
... we show that cspA can be extracted with hydrofluoric acid (HF) from the cell wall, suggesting that it is a GPI-anchored CWP. The cspA-encoded CWP is unmasked during conidial germination and is surface expressed during hyphal growth. Deletion of cspA results in weakening of the conidial cell wall, wh ...
... we show that cspA can be extracted with hydrofluoric acid (HF) from the cell wall, suggesting that it is a GPI-anchored CWP. The cspA-encoded CWP is unmasked during conidial germination and is surface expressed during hyphal growth. Deletion of cspA results in weakening of the conidial cell wall, wh ...
Pollen cytoskeleton during germination and tube growth
... promote the elongation of pollen tubes. Ca2+, which is essential for the proper growth of pollen tubes38, also controls the dynamics of actin filaments but its concentration in the apical domain is also regulated by the polymerization state of actin39, suggesting that the two systems reciprocally re ...
... promote the elongation of pollen tubes. Ca2+, which is essential for the proper growth of pollen tubes38, also controls the dynamics of actin filaments but its concentration in the apical domain is also regulated by the polymerization state of actin39, suggesting that the two systems reciprocally re ...
Life and death of transcriptional co
... Target gene context influences the transcriptional requirement for the KAT3 family of CBP and p300 histone acetyltransferases. Epigenetics 2010; 5:9-15. 16. Li Q, Sachs L, Shi YB, Wolffe AP. Modification of Chromatin Structure by the Thyroid Hormone ...
... Target gene context influences the transcriptional requirement for the KAT3 family of CBP and p300 histone acetyltransferases. Epigenetics 2010; 5:9-15. 16. Li Q, Sachs L, Shi YB, Wolffe AP. Modification of Chromatin Structure by the Thyroid Hormone ...
Par3/Baz levels control epithelial folding at actomyosin
... at PSBs. Next, we provide evidence that depletion of Bazooka, the homologue of vertebrate Par-3, is required to moderate fold formation at PSBs under the control of Wingless signaling. Together with a previous study at AP boundaries in the wing disc (Liu et al., 2016), this indicates that specific m ...
... at PSBs. Next, we provide evidence that depletion of Bazooka, the homologue of vertebrate Par-3, is required to moderate fold formation at PSBs under the control of Wingless signaling. Together with a previous study at AP boundaries in the wing disc (Liu et al., 2016), this indicates that specific m ...
Assembly of RecA-like Recombinases
... of recombinases to bind ssDNA in vitro when added to reactions before ssb, a mechanism is needed to overcome the inhibitory effect of ssb on recombinase assembly. So-called ‘‘mediator’’ proteins appear to play this role. These proteins promote efficient formation of recombinase oligomers on ssDNA th ...
... of recombinases to bind ssDNA in vitro when added to reactions before ssb, a mechanism is needed to overcome the inhibitory effect of ssb on recombinase assembly. So-called ‘‘mediator’’ proteins appear to play this role. These proteins promote efficient formation of recombinase oligomers on ssDNA th ...
The mating pair stabilization protein, TraN, of the F plasmid is an
... F plasmid TraN (602 aa, processed to 584 aa with 22 conserved cysteines), which is essential for F plasmid conjugation, is an outer-membrane protein involved in mating pair stabilization (MPS). Unlike R100 TraN, F TraN requires OmpA in the recipient cell for efficient MPS. The authors have identifie ...
... F plasmid TraN (602 aa, processed to 584 aa with 22 conserved cysteines), which is essential for F plasmid conjugation, is an outer-membrane protein involved in mating pair stabilization (MPS). Unlike R100 TraN, F TraN requires OmpA in the recipient cell for efficient MPS. The authors have identifie ...
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Synapses by Retrograde
... and growth factors. In each class there is diversity of synthesis and release pathways, in the types of messengers, and in the types of presynaptic targets. We have provided examples to illustrate each of these classes (Figure 1). Messengers Derived from Lipids Some signaling molecules are synthesiz ...
... and growth factors. In each class there is diversity of synthesis and release pathways, in the types of messengers, and in the types of presynaptic targets. We have provided examples to illustrate each of these classes (Figure 1). Messengers Derived from Lipids Some signaling molecules are synthesiz ...
Dissecting stimulus-specific Ca2+ signals in amyloplasts and
... signal transduction. This allowed us to monitor in parallel Ca2+ dynamics in the bulk cytosol, the cytosolic microdomain just outside plastids (by means of the aequorin chimera targeted to the cytosolic surface of the plastid outer envelope), and the organelle stroma. [Ca2+] in all these subcellular ...
... signal transduction. This allowed us to monitor in parallel Ca2+ dynamics in the bulk cytosol, the cytosolic microdomain just outside plastids (by means of the aequorin chimera targeted to the cytosolic surface of the plastid outer envelope), and the organelle stroma. [Ca2+] in all these subcellular ...
Relative Potencies of Individual Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Induce Dioxinlike
... for the dioxinlike and estrogenic responses observed. Both novel and/or known aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor (ER) agonists that eluted in the midpolar fraction could have contributed to the responses. Mass-, or potency-, balance analysis is one approach for addressing whether ...
... for the dioxinlike and estrogenic responses observed. Both novel and/or known aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor (ER) agonists that eluted in the midpolar fraction could have contributed to the responses. Mass-, or potency-, balance analysis is one approach for addressing whether ...
Interaction of Antiparallel Microtubules in the
... frequently detected in the phragmoplast formed between two reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1A). Although many MTs were terminated in regions where vesicles accumulated, others crossed the midline and overlapped (Figures 1A and 1B). Such a MT-overlapping phenomenon was also found at the later stage ...
... frequently detected in the phragmoplast formed between two reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1A). Although many MTs were terminated in regions where vesicles accumulated, others crossed the midline and overlapped (Figures 1A and 1B). Such a MT-overlapping phenomenon was also found at the later stage ...
Chemotactic Effect of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor on Macrophages in
... microglia in neural damage and repair have been shown. Macrophages are often seen to associate with neurodegenerative diseases,16,17 but these cells can also be neuroprotective.18 The differential effects of macrophages under different conditions may be accounted for by the different phenotypes of t ...
... microglia in neural damage and repair have been shown. Macrophages are often seen to associate with neurodegenerative diseases,16,17 but these cells can also be neuroprotective.18 The differential effects of macrophages under different conditions may be accounted for by the different phenotypes of t ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY H1 histones
... (90,91). Conversely, overexpression of murine histone H1c gives rise to an increase in or no change in transcription levels, while conferring no effect on cell cycle progression (91). These overexpression experiments show functional differences between the two variants, although additional experimen ...
... (90,91). Conversely, overexpression of murine histone H1c gives rise to an increase in or no change in transcription levels, while conferring no effect on cell cycle progression (91). These overexpression experiments show functional differences between the two variants, although additional experimen ...
Dynamic modification of the ETS transcription factor PEA3 by
... place on the same sites in PEA3 making simultaneous modification impossible. Indeed, manipulation of either the sumoylation or acetylation pathways causes reciprocal changes in PEA3 acetylation and sumoylation respectively. However, despite the mutually exclusive nature of these modifications, both ...
... place on the same sites in PEA3 making simultaneous modification impossible. Indeed, manipulation of either the sumoylation or acetylation pathways causes reciprocal changes in PEA3 acetylation and sumoylation respectively. However, despite the mutually exclusive nature of these modifications, both ...
Isolation and biological activity of extracellular slime associated with
... While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on t ...
... While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on t ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.