Arrested Differentiation of Proplastids into Chloroplasts in
... proposed to play a dual role in chloroplasts; an unrelated role to variegation in the PSII repair cycle and a variegationrelated role in thylakoid formation. In addition, several transacting recessive mutations that suppressed leaf variegation in var2 have been identified. A majority of the suppresso ...
... proposed to play a dual role in chloroplasts; an unrelated role to variegation in the PSII repair cycle and a variegationrelated role in thylakoid formation. In addition, several transacting recessive mutations that suppressed leaf variegation in var2 have been identified. A majority of the suppresso ...
Type-IV Antifreeze Proteins are Essential for Epiboly and
... [20]. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have been found in fungi, bacteria, plants and animals, and they can bind to ice crystals to inhibit growth and recrystallization of ice [21]. According to their molecular structures, four types of AFPs, type I–IV AFPs, have been characterized in teleost fishes [22]. ...
... [20]. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have been found in fungi, bacteria, plants and animals, and they can bind to ice crystals to inhibit growth and recrystallization of ice [21]. According to their molecular structures, four types of AFPs, type I–IV AFPs, have been characterized in teleost fishes [22]. ...
Modeled Osteopathic Manipulative Treatments: A Review of Their in
... acyclic long duration strain refer to the same technique; ...
... acyclic long duration strain refer to the same technique; ...
Lecture 06, case study - Taxol - Cal State LA
... A drug like Taxol probably could not have been developed through rational drug design (2) Microtubules are so unstable, they cannot be crystalized for structural studies - except by treating them with Taxol! - the binding site of Taxol was thus defined by electron crystallographic studies of tubulin ...
... A drug like Taxol probably could not have been developed through rational drug design (2) Microtubules are so unstable, they cannot be crystalized for structural studies - except by treating them with Taxol! - the binding site of Taxol was thus defined by electron crystallographic studies of tubulin ...
Comparative microanatomy and ultrastructure of the excretory
... This comparative study comprises detailed anatomical and ultrastructural investigations of the excretory organs of opisthobranch gastropods by means of serial sectioning analyses, reconstruction techniques, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Representatives of major taxa, the Cephalaspidea, ...
... This comparative study comprises detailed anatomical and ultrastructural investigations of the excretory organs of opisthobranch gastropods by means of serial sectioning analyses, reconstruction techniques, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Representatives of major taxa, the Cephalaspidea, ...
The 21-day postnatal rat ventricular cardiac muscle cell in culture as
... medium to the experimental set of cardiomyocytes. DMSO (Sigma; 0.02%), the vehicle for TPA, was added to the control set of cardiomyocytes. Cell cycle-specific expression array protocol RNA isolated from 21-day ventricular cardiac muscle cells cultured in the presence or absence of TPA was dissolved ...
... medium to the experimental set of cardiomyocytes. DMSO (Sigma; 0.02%), the vehicle for TPA, was added to the control set of cardiomyocytes. Cell cycle-specific expression array protocol RNA isolated from 21-day ventricular cardiac muscle cells cultured in the presence or absence of TPA was dissolved ...
Giant nuclei is essential in the cell cycle transition from meiosis to
... Natural developmental mechanisms ensure that oocytes and eggs arrest to await fertilization. These exhibit remarkable evolutionary flexibility, with different species using a variety of discrete arrest points, illustrating the diversity of regulatory mechanisms that have evolved to arrest the fundam ...
... Natural developmental mechanisms ensure that oocytes and eggs arrest to await fertilization. These exhibit remarkable evolutionary flexibility, with different species using a variety of discrete arrest points, illustrating the diversity of regulatory mechanisms that have evolved to arrest the fundam ...
A C-terminus Mitochondrial-localization Region and BH3 Domain of
... stages of apoptosis, the cellular membrane shrinks and develops a rounded appearance (Kerr et al. 1972). At the same time, the chromatin condenses in the now shrinking nucleus, in a process termed pyknosis (Kerr et al. 1972). The cellular membrane then takes on the blebbed appearance characteristic ...
... stages of apoptosis, the cellular membrane shrinks and develops a rounded appearance (Kerr et al. 1972). At the same time, the chromatin condenses in the now shrinking nucleus, in a process termed pyknosis (Kerr et al. 1972). The cellular membrane then takes on the blebbed appearance characteristic ...
Subcellular trafficking kinetics of GLUT4 mutated at the N
... reported that glucose transporter isoforms (GLUTs) in nonstimulated rat adipose cells are located in a large intracellular pool and can be recruited to the plasma membrane in response to insulin. This important feature of glucose transporter translocation has now been shown to be mainly associated w ...
... reported that glucose transporter isoforms (GLUTs) in nonstimulated rat adipose cells are located in a large intracellular pool and can be recruited to the plasma membrane in response to insulin. This important feature of glucose transporter translocation has now been shown to be mainly associated w ...
Bound by Fate: Reactive Oxygen Species in
... Multicellular organisms utilize a plethora of mechanisms to control and adjust the functions of cells to ensure coordinated and synchronized responses in tissues, organs, and throughout the entire organism. The perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these ...
... Multicellular organisms utilize a plethora of mechanisms to control and adjust the functions of cells to ensure coordinated and synchronized responses in tissues, organs, and throughout the entire organism. The perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these ...
Molecular cytogenetic studies and technology development
... Therefore, they can be easily fused. If the fusion is performed between two different parent protoplasts with complete genomes, it is referred to as symmetric; if a parent’s genome (donor) is fragmented and fused, the fusion is asymmetric. As only a small part of the genome is inserted, less undesir ...
... Therefore, they can be easily fused. If the fusion is performed between two different parent protoplasts with complete genomes, it is referred to as symmetric; if a parent’s genome (donor) is fragmented and fused, the fusion is asymmetric. As only a small part of the genome is inserted, less undesir ...
Actin machinery: pushing the envelope Gary G Borisy* and Tatyana
... WASP Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein ...
... WASP Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein ...
The head organizer in Hydra
... of two tissue layers: an ectoderm and an endoderm that make up the head, body column and basal disk (Fig. 1). An organizer is usually associated with the early stages of the development of an embryo. As described above, an adult Hydra has organizer activity (see in this issue Meinhardt, 2012). This ...
... of two tissue layers: an ectoderm and an endoderm that make up the head, body column and basal disk (Fig. 1). An organizer is usually associated with the early stages of the development of an embryo. As described above, an adult Hydra has organizer activity (see in this issue Meinhardt, 2012). This ...
atlas of dengue viruses morphology and morphogenesis
... Electron microscopy has been used as a very efficient tool to study virus particle morphology (Ackermann & Berthiaume, 1995; Doane & Anderson, 1987; Madeley & Field, 1988), as the unique technique for direct visualization of morphological structures. Virus infected tissues can also be analyzed by th ...
... Electron microscopy has been used as a very efficient tool to study virus particle morphology (Ackermann & Berthiaume, 1995; Doane & Anderson, 1987; Madeley & Field, 1988), as the unique technique for direct visualization of morphological structures. Virus infected tissues can also be analyzed by th ...
Effects of cyclophosphamide treatment before
... After treatment during the preimplantation period they inspected rabbit embryos during organogenesis. When cyclophosphamide (CPA) (40 mg/kg intravenously) was given to pregnant rabbits before implantation, a high percentage of deformed fetuses was found on days 11, 17 and 30 p. c. (post-coitum), sug ...
... After treatment during the preimplantation period they inspected rabbit embryos during organogenesis. When cyclophosphamide (CPA) (40 mg/kg intravenously) was given to pregnant rabbits before implantation, a high percentage of deformed fetuses was found on days 11, 17 and 30 p. c. (post-coitum), sug ...
Differential Auxin-Transporting Activities of PIN
... Copyright © 2010 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
... Copyright © 2010 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
Cell-Mediated Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in
... higher plants, the distribution of crystals, like their morphology, follows species-specific patterns, indicating regulation over the sites and modes of calcium oxalate accumulation (Arnott and Pautard, 1970). Why and how do different plants make such diverse crystals from the same chemical substanc ...
... higher plants, the distribution of crystals, like their morphology, follows species-specific patterns, indicating regulation over the sites and modes of calcium oxalate accumulation (Arnott and Pautard, 1970). Why and how do different plants make such diverse crystals from the same chemical substanc ...
1. The BCL-2 Family Reunion.
... B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and its relatives comprise the BCL-2 family of proteins, which were originally characterized with respect to their roles in controlling outer mitochondrial membrane integrity and apoptosis. Current observations expand BCL-2 family function to include numerous cellular p ...
... B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and its relatives comprise the BCL-2 family of proteins, which were originally characterized with respect to their roles in controlling outer mitochondrial membrane integrity and apoptosis. Current observations expand BCL-2 family function to include numerous cellular p ...
solvent selection for whole cell biotransformations in organic media
... inhibitory. Those that are nontoxic are typically highly apolar and as such have a rather restricted solvating power and are consequently of limited use as a solvent for the substrates and products that are usually of interest. This problem is compounded by the fact that different cell types, l ...
... inhibitory. Those that are nontoxic are typically highly apolar and as such have a rather restricted solvating power and are consequently of limited use as a solvent for the substrates and products that are usually of interest. This problem is compounded by the fact that different cell types, l ...
the physiology of mechanoelectrical transduction channels in hearing
... class of channels, examples of which have been documented in bacteria and fungi (141) as well as in invertebrate and vertebrate animals (6). They may have first evolved as a sensor of membrane stretch during osmotic shock as exemplified by the bacterial MscL channel or vacuolar transient receptor po ...
... class of channels, examples of which have been documented in bacteria and fungi (141) as well as in invertebrate and vertebrate animals (6). They may have first evolved as a sensor of membrane stretch during osmotic shock as exemplified by the bacterial MscL channel or vacuolar transient receptor po ...
Agrin-related Molecules Are Concentrated at Acetylcholine Receptor
... Figure 1. The expression of agrin-related molecules precedes the appearance of AchR clusters in developing muscle and is localized at the earliest-forming AchR clusters. Frozen sections of stage 24 (a and b) and stage 25 (c and d) dorsal muscle masses double-labeled with anti-agrin monoclonal 5B1 fo ...
... Figure 1. The expression of agrin-related molecules precedes the appearance of AchR clusters in developing muscle and is localized at the earliest-forming AchR clusters. Frozen sections of stage 24 (a and b) and stage 25 (c and d) dorsal muscle masses double-labeled with anti-agrin monoclonal 5B1 fo ...
How autophagy both activates and inhibits cellular
... affects the microenvironment through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases, a feature termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP increases immune surveillance of damaged cells, thus maintaining tissue homeostasis. With age or ...
... affects the microenvironment through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases, a feature termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP increases immune surveillance of damaged cells, thus maintaining tissue homeostasis. With age or ...
THE ROLE OF NODAL SIGNALING IN PATTERNING THE
... Induction is the process whereby one group of cells signals to a second group of cells to specify or influence the fate of the second group of cells. In order for this process to occur, an inducer has to produce the signal (such as a secreted factor) and the responder cells must have competence to r ...
... Induction is the process whereby one group of cells signals to a second group of cells to specify or influence the fate of the second group of cells. In order for this process to occur, an inducer has to produce the signal (such as a secreted factor) and the responder cells must have competence to r ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.