Isolation and biological activity of extracellular slime associated with
... While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on t ...
... While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on t ...
Dynamic modification of the ETS transcription factor PEA3 by
... place on the same sites in PEA3 making simultaneous modification impossible. Indeed, manipulation of either the sumoylation or acetylation pathways causes reciprocal changes in PEA3 acetylation and sumoylation respectively. However, despite the mutually exclusive nature of these modifications, both ...
... place on the same sites in PEA3 making simultaneous modification impossible. Indeed, manipulation of either the sumoylation or acetylation pathways causes reciprocal changes in PEA3 acetylation and sumoylation respectively. However, despite the mutually exclusive nature of these modifications, both ...
A. Work Accomplished by You and/or Others Cellular biology of
... A. Work Accomplished by You and/or Others Cellular biology of protein chaperones Protein molecular chaperones play critical roles in cellular biology. The family of proteins classified as molecular chaperones is large and diverse, but is united by a common characteristic – the ability to form transi ...
... A. Work Accomplished by You and/or Others Cellular biology of protein chaperones Protein molecular chaperones play critical roles in cellular biology. The family of proteins classified as molecular chaperones is large and diverse, but is united by a common characteristic – the ability to form transi ...
The SOX9 upstream region prone to chromosomal aberrations
... diseases. Post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms undoubtedly participate in modulating SOX9 protein level and activity, but above that, it is clear that transcription is a first and critical level of regulation of SOX9 (6). Various signaling pathways have been shown that induce, modu ...
... diseases. Post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms undoubtedly participate in modulating SOX9 protein level and activity, but above that, it is clear that transcription is a first and critical level of regulation of SOX9 (6). Various signaling pathways have been shown that induce, modu ...
Relationship of Net Chloride Flow across the Human Erythrocyte
... Blood was obtained from apparently healthy adults with heparin as an anticoagulant. The cells were washed three times in 160 mM NaCl and 5 mM HEPES at room temperature and the white cells were removed by aspiration . ...
... Blood was obtained from apparently healthy adults with heparin as an anticoagulant. The cells were washed three times in 160 mM NaCl and 5 mM HEPES at room temperature and the white cells were removed by aspiration . ...
Altered & Disordered Physiology - CH 056
... • Jaundice is not a disease state in itself • It is a non-specific symptom which is a feature of a range of disease states • The clinical approach to jaundice must be based on a clear understanding of the metabolism of bilirubin and an appreciation of the potential blocks which can occur in the path ...
... • Jaundice is not a disease state in itself • It is a non-specific symptom which is a feature of a range of disease states • The clinical approach to jaundice must be based on a clear understanding of the metabolism of bilirubin and an appreciation of the potential blocks which can occur in the path ...
title of the thesis - UWSpace
... Chapter 3 Results.................................................................................................................................. 50 3.1 Phylogenetic Analysis of Xenopus -parvin .............................................................................. 50 3.2 Temporal and Spat ...
... Chapter 3 Results.................................................................................................................................. 50 3.1 Phylogenetic Analysis of Xenopus -parvin .............................................................................. 50 3.2 Temporal and Spat ...
D-Alanine esterification of teichoic acids contributes to
... plantarumWJL exerts its beneficial effect on larval growth through the host nutrient sensing system that relies on the tissue specific activity of the TOR kinase, which subsequently modulates hormonal signals controlling growth and maturation (Storelli et al., 2011). Importantly, using conventional ...
... plantarumWJL exerts its beneficial effect on larval growth through the host nutrient sensing system that relies on the tissue specific activity of the TOR kinase, which subsequently modulates hormonal signals controlling growth and maturation (Storelli et al., 2011). Importantly, using conventional ...
Cathepsin D released by lactating rat mammary epithelial cells is
... For the preparation of enzymatically dissociated acini, mammary fragments were incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C in Hanks’ medium containing 200 UI/ml collagenase IV and 200 UI/ml hyaluronidase, washed and filtered through a strainer. Isolated cells were separated from the acini by three successive d ...
... For the preparation of enzymatically dissociated acini, mammary fragments were incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C in Hanks’ medium containing 200 UI/ml collagenase IV and 200 UI/ml hyaluronidase, washed and filtered through a strainer. Isolated cells were separated from the acini by three successive d ...
BMC Developmental Biology
... inner layer of the optic cup, the presumptive neural retina (NR). The proximal region of the optic vesicle forms the optic stalk and the outer layer of the optic cup forms the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). The optic cup is initially incomplete along the ventral surface and closure of the optic ...
... inner layer of the optic cup, the presumptive neural retina (NR). The proximal region of the optic vesicle forms the optic stalk and the outer layer of the optic cup forms the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). The optic cup is initially incomplete along the ventral surface and closure of the optic ...
Survival in Animal Cells Requires ppGpp for Internalization and
... uptake of serovar Gallinarum into animal cells. Here, we demonstrate that among various serovar Gallinarum mutants, only ppGpp-defective serovar Gallinarum showed significantly reduced entry into several types of animal cells, suggesting that the factor(s) involved in animal cell entry is under the ...
... uptake of serovar Gallinarum into animal cells. Here, we demonstrate that among various serovar Gallinarum mutants, only ppGpp-defective serovar Gallinarum showed significantly reduced entry into several types of animal cells, suggesting that the factor(s) involved in animal cell entry is under the ...
Reverse migration of neutrophils: Where, when, how and why
... Once in the interstitial tissue, neutrophils can move into cellular clusters, exhibiting “neutrophil swarming” [35]. Some of these swarms are “temporary” and neutrophils may move away from the inflammatory focus over time, enabling them to participate in other swarms; ultimately swarm resolution may ...
... Once in the interstitial tissue, neutrophils can move into cellular clusters, exhibiting “neutrophil swarming” [35]. Some of these swarms are “temporary” and neutrophils may move away from the inflammatory focus over time, enabling them to participate in other swarms; ultimately swarm resolution may ...
- Department of Biosystems Science and
... Chromosome puffs: in the nuclei of Drosophila salivary gland cells, chromosomes endoreplicate several times and align with each other lengthwise. This results in large chromosomes, termed polytene chromosomes, that can be visualized by light microscopy. An actively transcribing gene on a polytene ch ...
... Chromosome puffs: in the nuclei of Drosophila salivary gland cells, chromosomes endoreplicate several times and align with each other lengthwise. This results in large chromosomes, termed polytene chromosomes, that can be visualized by light microscopy. An actively transcribing gene on a polytene ch ...
Secondary Cell Walls: Biosynthesis, Patterned
... constitutes about 40–50% of wood components. It is made of linear chains of b-1,4-linked glucosyl residues with a degree of polymerization of approximately 10,000 (Timell et al. 1967) (Fig. 1D). It has long been held that 36 glucan chains are coalesced via hydrogen bonding into a highly insoluble cr ...
... constitutes about 40–50% of wood components. It is made of linear chains of b-1,4-linked glucosyl residues with a degree of polymerization of approximately 10,000 (Timell et al. 1967) (Fig. 1D). It has long been held that 36 glucan chains are coalesced via hydrogen bonding into a highly insoluble cr ...
The Role of Scleraxis in Heart Valve Development and Disease
... all of the necessary biomechanical properties for structure-function relationships throughout life. In contrast, diseased valves that suffer from MMVD are pathologically thickened and characterized by an abnormal abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycans, which prevents the valves from c ...
... all of the necessary biomechanical properties for structure-function relationships throughout life. In contrast, diseased valves that suffer from MMVD are pathologically thickened and characterized by an abnormal abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycans, which prevents the valves from c ...
Novel Mechanism of PTEN Regulation by Its
... From the Departments of ‡Cell Biology and §Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 ...
... From the Departments of ‡Cell Biology and §Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 ...
Multiple classes of yeast mutants are defective in vacuole
... complementation groups (VAC8-VAC12). Unlike mutants identified previously, three of the complementation groups exhibit normal vacuolar morphology. Zygote studies revealed that these vac mutants are also defective in intervacuole communication. Although at least four pathways of protein delivery to t ...
... complementation groups (VAC8-VAC12). Unlike mutants identified previously, three of the complementation groups exhibit normal vacuolar morphology. Zygote studies revealed that these vac mutants are also defective in intervacuole communication. Although at least four pathways of protein delivery to t ...
Chromosome silencing mechanisms in X
... contributed to the observed differences, at least in part. For example, the analysis of X-linked alleles using SNPs measures steady-state levels of RNAs and thus does not record allelic expression in real time. Additionally, working with small amounts of material, as is the case for early preimplant ...
... contributed to the observed differences, at least in part. For example, the analysis of X-linked alleles using SNPs measures steady-state levels of RNAs and thus does not record allelic expression in real time. Additionally, working with small amounts of material, as is the case for early preimplant ...
The anorexigenic cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates
... inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (55) and the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways (14, 15, 44, 53). Phosphorylated STAT3 forms a dime ...
... inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (55) and the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways (14, 15, 44, 53). Phosphorylated STAT3 forms a dime ...
Regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 expression in human
... (tPA), and their inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), are present in the cartilage to modulate plasmin activation and the degradation of ECM. OA cartilage has been shown to display increased plasmin activity and elevated levels of uPA and tPA, as well as a decrease in PAI-1 expressi ...
... (tPA), and their inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), are present in the cartilage to modulate plasmin activation and the degradation of ECM. OA cartilage has been shown to display increased plasmin activity and elevated levels of uPA and tPA, as well as a decrease in PAI-1 expressi ...
Characterization of the Visceral Endoderm Components in Early
... period of embryonic development in which the cells undergo complex morphological movements to generate the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm), from which the whole fetus develops later. (Snow and Bennett, 1978; Skreb et al., 1991; Tam et al., 2006; Tam and Loebel, 2007; Soln ...
... period of embryonic development in which the cells undergo complex morphological movements to generate the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm), from which the whole fetus develops later. (Snow and Bennett, 1978; Skreb et al., 1991; Tam et al., 2006; Tam and Loebel, 2007; Soln ...
Gre factors-mediated control of hilD transcription is essential for the
... different genetic elements playing a determinative role in host adaptation [4]. Comparative genomic studies identify up to 21 SPIs in the S. Typhimurium genome, SPI-1 and SPI-2 being the best characterized [5]. SPI-1 contains genes required during the first steps of epithelial cell infection, while ...
... different genetic elements playing a determinative role in host adaptation [4]. Comparative genomic studies identify up to 21 SPIs in the S. Typhimurium genome, SPI-1 and SPI-2 being the best characterized [5]. SPI-1 contains genes required during the first steps of epithelial cell infection, while ...
CELL WALLS OF GROWING PLANT CELLS
... cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and holds the microfibrils together by forming molecular tethers, which is ref ...
... cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and holds the microfibrils together by forming molecular tethers, which is ref ...
Increased Agonist Affinity at the
... G-protein activation induce downstream kinase activation and phosphorylation by G-protein-coupled receptor kinase. This phosphorylation leads to the recruitment of -arrestin, which binds to receptors with high-affinity preventing receptor association and activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins (Ben ...
... G-protein activation induce downstream kinase activation and phosphorylation by G-protein-coupled receptor kinase. This phosphorylation leads to the recruitment of -arrestin, which binds to receptors with high-affinity preventing receptor association and activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins (Ben ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.