The role of yolk syncytial layer and blastoderm movements during
... colleagues, who began genetic analysis in the zebrafish and established the methodological foundation allowing its use as a vertebrate model organism (Streisinger et al., 1981; Westerfield, 2000). Indeed, the zebrafish embryo offers many advantages to study embryonic development compared to other or ...
... colleagues, who began genetic analysis in the zebrafish and established the methodological foundation allowing its use as a vertebrate model organism (Streisinger et al., 1981; Westerfield, 2000). Indeed, the zebrafish embryo offers many advantages to study embryonic development compared to other or ...
Bostrom Slides
... between are “Crystal diseases” Vascular Calcification and Bone where synovial fibroblasts have an inflammatory response to the crystals. ...
... between are “Crystal diseases” Vascular Calcification and Bone where synovial fibroblasts have an inflammatory response to the crystals. ...
Making a Connection: Direct Binding between
... In the absence of the NH2-terminal head domain, DPI molecules were unable to associate with desmosomal plaques, and instead they colocalized with the endogenous IF network (Stappenbeck and Green, 1992; Stappenbeck et al., 1993). In both fibroblasts and in simple epithelial cells, this association wa ...
... In the absence of the NH2-terminal head domain, DPI molecules were unable to associate with desmosomal plaques, and instead they colocalized with the endogenous IF network (Stappenbeck and Green, 1992; Stappenbeck et al., 1993). In both fibroblasts and in simple epithelial cells, this association wa ...
The versatility of mitochondrial calcium signals: From stimulation of
... For the delivery of aequorin to the mitochondrial intermembrane space (MIMS), we exploited the characteristics of another mitochondrial protein. Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) is an enzyme present in the mitochondrial inner membrane with a C-terminal domain protruding into the MIMS. To targe ...
... For the delivery of aequorin to the mitochondrial intermembrane space (MIMS), we exploited the characteristics of another mitochondrial protein. Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) is an enzyme present in the mitochondrial inner membrane with a C-terminal domain protruding into the MIMS. To targe ...
Activation of ryanodine receptors induces calcium influx in a
... for activating Ca2+ influx pathways employs thapsigargin treatment to deplete Ca2+ stores and activate SOC channels. However, in the 401L cell line, thapsigargin treatment fails to induce Ca2+ influx, in contrast with most cell types tested for this response [7]. Moreover, it has been shown that the ...
... for activating Ca2+ influx pathways employs thapsigargin treatment to deplete Ca2+ stores and activate SOC channels. However, in the 401L cell line, thapsigargin treatment fails to induce Ca2+ influx, in contrast with most cell types tested for this response [7]. Moreover, it has been shown that the ...
Effects of Episodic Turbulence on Diatoms, with Comments on the Use of Evans Blue Stain for Live-Dead Determinations
... Does turbulence affect large phytoplankton to a greater extent? Larger phytoplankton will potentially be affected to a greater extent by turbulence than smaller phytoplankton. This is because intense turbulence produces shear force that may be destructive if the turbulence is strong enough to produ ...
... Does turbulence affect large phytoplankton to a greater extent? Larger phytoplankton will potentially be affected to a greater extent by turbulence than smaller phytoplankton. This is because intense turbulence produces shear force that may be destructive if the turbulence is strong enough to produ ...
Nanoscale Architecture of Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and
... CURRENT STATUS OF PLANT SECRETORY PATHWAY RESEARCH ...
... CURRENT STATUS OF PLANT SECRETORY PATHWAY RESEARCH ...
The GDP-bound form of Arf6 is located at the plasma membrane
... implicated in endocytosis and actin rearrangements at the cell periphery (Chavrier and Goud, 1999) but its precise function remains to be discovered. Two mutants of Arf6, Q67L and T27N, are considered to mimic the GTP- and GDP-bound forms, respectively, and have been used extensively to apprehend th ...
... implicated in endocytosis and actin rearrangements at the cell periphery (Chavrier and Goud, 1999) but its precise function remains to be discovered. Two mutants of Arf6, Q67L and T27N, are considered to mimic the GTP- and GDP-bound forms, respectively, and have been used extensively to apprehend th ...
refinement of an in vitro cell model for cytochrome p450 induction
... involved in the metabolism of a variety of chemically diverse substances ranging from endogenous compounds to xenobiotics including drugs, carcinogens, and environmental pollutants. Although P450 regulation is still poorly understood, it is well known that some of the P450 genes are induced severalf ...
... involved in the metabolism of a variety of chemically diverse substances ranging from endogenous compounds to xenobiotics including drugs, carcinogens, and environmental pollutants. Although P450 regulation is still poorly understood, it is well known that some of the P450 genes are induced severalf ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... ABSTRACT The discovery of the organizer by Spemann and Mangold in 1924 raised two kinds of questions: those about the means of patterning the chordate body axis and those about the mechanisms of cell determination by induction. Some researchers, stressing the second, have suggested over the years th ...
... ABSTRACT The discovery of the organizer by Spemann and Mangold in 1924 raised two kinds of questions: those about the means of patterning the chordate body axis and those about the mechanisms of cell determination by induction. Some researchers, stressing the second, have suggested over the years th ...
Potential mechanisms involved in the absorptive transport of
... thiol S-conjugates of Cd have been hypothesized to be transportable species of Cd along the proximal tubule. Moreover, these conjugates are hypothesized to act as molecular homologues or mimics of l-cystine (Cys-S-S-Cys) and/or l-homocystine, which may allow them to be transported by constituent tra ...
... thiol S-conjugates of Cd have been hypothesized to be transportable species of Cd along the proximal tubule. Moreover, these conjugates are hypothesized to act as molecular homologues or mimics of l-cystine (Cys-S-S-Cys) and/or l-homocystine, which may allow them to be transported by constituent tra ...
Growing models of vertebrate limb development - ICB-USP
... The classical progress zone model proposes that, as the limb bud grows out under the influence of signalling from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), proximodistal (PD) positional values are specified progressively by the length of time cells spend in an undifferentiated region at the bud tip called ...
... The classical progress zone model proposes that, as the limb bud grows out under the influence of signalling from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), proximodistal (PD) positional values are specified progressively by the length of time cells spend in an undifferentiated region at the bud tip called ...
How the Environment Regulates Root Architecture in Dicots
... QC, surrounded by several hundred ICs (Feldman, 1994). After each IC division, one daughter cell leaves the RAM, becomes isolated from the stem niche signal(s), and then starts diVerentiation. To better understand QC function, Nawy et al. (2005) used microarrays to determine the expression pattern o ...
... QC, surrounded by several hundred ICs (Feldman, 1994). After each IC division, one daughter cell leaves the RAM, becomes isolated from the stem niche signal(s), and then starts diVerentiation. To better understand QC function, Nawy et al. (2005) used microarrays to determine the expression pattern o ...
Chapter 16—Probes for Endocytosis, Receptors and Ion Channels
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
Vibrio cholerae 01 Can Assume a Chlorine
... that all V. cholerae can assume this form, with conditions present in alkaline peptone water (a standard enrichment broth medium for V cholerae) selecting for or promoting the shift to rugose morphology. Rugose strains appear to produce an exopolysaccharide that promotes cell aggregation. Reminiscen ...
... that all V. cholerae can assume this form, with conditions present in alkaline peptone water (a standard enrichment broth medium for V cholerae) selecting for or promoting the shift to rugose morphology. Rugose strains appear to produce an exopolysaccharide that promotes cell aggregation. Reminiscen ...
The Long Noncoding RNA CHRF Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy
... response of cardiomyocytes partially through a toll-like receptor 4–mediated, Myd88-dependent nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway.14 However, it is not yet clear whether Myd88 is a target of miRNAs in the hypertrophic machinery. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed RNA molecules >200 nucleot ...
... response of cardiomyocytes partially through a toll-like receptor 4–mediated, Myd88-dependent nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway.14 However, it is not yet clear whether Myd88 is a target of miRNAs in the hypertrophic machinery. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed RNA molecules >200 nucleot ...
Down-Regulates Expression of Cell Proliferation
... transformation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis through a mechanism not fully understood. Because several genes that mediate these processes are regulated by nuclear factor-B (NF-B), we have postulated that curcumin mediates its activity by modulating NF-B activation. Indeed ...
... transformation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis through a mechanism not fully understood. Because several genes that mediate these processes are regulated by nuclear factor-B (NF-B), we have postulated that curcumin mediates its activity by modulating NF-B activation. Indeed ...
Characterization of the Nucleolar Gene Product, Treacle, in Treacher Collins Syndrome
... amino acids shorter than its human ortholog, [35S]methionine- and [35S]cysteine-labeled mouse treacle migrated as a single band of ⬃220 kDa, confirming the aberrant mobility of treacle on SDS-PAGE. This unusual behavior was very reminiscent of the treacle-related protein Nopp140, which migrates as a ...
... amino acids shorter than its human ortholog, [35S]methionine- and [35S]cysteine-labeled mouse treacle migrated as a single band of ⬃220 kDa, confirming the aberrant mobility of treacle on SDS-PAGE. This unusual behavior was very reminiscent of the treacle-related protein Nopp140, which migrates as a ...
Introduction - HAL
... of 41 and 39 nucleotides respectively (Fig. 2A, 2B and Table 2). Their size varied over a large range from 10 to 54 bp, this variability being created by the process of N-nucleotide addition and the nibbling of the four coding ends (JH, both sides of D, and to a much lesser extent the VH side). Heav ...
... of 41 and 39 nucleotides respectively (Fig. 2A, 2B and Table 2). Their size varied over a large range from 10 to 54 bp, this variability being created by the process of N-nucleotide addition and the nibbling of the four coding ends (JH, both sides of D, and to a much lesser extent the VH side). Heav ...
Making an Effort to Listen: Mechanical Amplification in the Ear
... all four hallmarks of the active process. Moreover, there are indications that the same mechanism also operates in the ears of reptiles, birds, and even mammals. Amplification of mechanical inputs has been demonstrated most directly in the frog’s sacculus, whose low-frequency responsiveness permits ...
... all four hallmarks of the active process. Moreover, there are indications that the same mechanism also operates in the ears of reptiles, birds, and even mammals. Amplification of mechanical inputs has been demonstrated most directly in the frog’s sacculus, whose low-frequency responsiveness permits ...
Microsoft Word - IBB PAS Repository
... archaeal genomes, often in high numbers (Guglielmini et al., 2008; Pendey and Gerdes, 2005; ...
... archaeal genomes, often in high numbers (Guglielmini et al., 2008; Pendey and Gerdes, 2005; ...
Quantitative determinants of aerobic glycolysis identify flux through
... converts glucose step-by-step into a simpler chemical called pyruvate. Pyruvate is then normally transported into structures within the cell called mitochondria, where it is further broken down using oxygen to release more energy. However, in cells that are rapidly dividing, pyruvate is converted in ...
... converts glucose step-by-step into a simpler chemical called pyruvate. Pyruvate is then normally transported into structures within the cell called mitochondria, where it is further broken down using oxygen to release more energy. However, in cells that are rapidly dividing, pyruvate is converted in ...
Dramatic increase in lymph node dendritic cell
... used for flow cytometric analysis, were composed of 50% to 80% DCs, as shown in Figure 1A. For PCR experiments with day 2 PO-LNs or day 6 MS-LNs, DCs were purified by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) with MACS separation columns (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch, Germany) after incubation of the DC-enriched ce ...
... used for flow cytometric analysis, were composed of 50% to 80% DCs, as shown in Figure 1A. For PCR experiments with day 2 PO-LNs or day 6 MS-LNs, DCs were purified by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) with MACS separation columns (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch, Germany) after incubation of the DC-enriched ce ...
Production and consumption of nitrous oxide in nitrate
... which is a copper-containing enzyme located on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane (i.e. the periplasm in Gramnegative bacteria) (Zumft, 1997; Zumft & Kroneck, 2007; Pomowski et al., 2011; Wüst et al., 2012; Pauleta et al., 2013). Various NosZ enzymes carry a C-terminal extension that forms a m ...
... which is a copper-containing enzyme located on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane (i.e. the periplasm in Gramnegative bacteria) (Zumft, 1997; Zumft & Kroneck, 2007; Pomowski et al., 2011; Wüst et al., 2012; Pauleta et al., 2013). Various NosZ enzymes carry a C-terminal extension that forms a m ...
Proliferation and morphogenesis of the ER driven by the membrane
... In all assayed systems, these structures emerge as small spherical bodies in three-branch ...
... In all assayed systems, these structures emerge as small spherical bodies in three-branch ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.