Apical-basal patterning in Arabidopsis - Development
... possibility that auxin may be involved in apical-basal patterning. Independent evidence for a role of auxin in embryogenesis was provided by experimental studies on explanted embryos. In the indian mustard Brassica juncea, auxin transport inhibitors and agonists applied to globular or heart-stage em ...
... possibility that auxin may be involved in apical-basal patterning. Independent evidence for a role of auxin in embryogenesis was provided by experimental studies on explanted embryos. In the indian mustard Brassica juncea, auxin transport inhibitors and agonists applied to globular or heart-stage em ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) HIV
... for sensing and clearing pathogens, thus playing an important role in establishing primary as well as adaptive immune responses. These cells also contribute to regulation of tissue homeostasis, inflammation and repair1. Derived from a common myeloid progenitor, monocytes that originate in the bone m ...
... for sensing and clearing pathogens, thus playing an important role in establishing primary as well as adaptive immune responses. These cells also contribute to regulation of tissue homeostasis, inflammation and repair1. Derived from a common myeloid progenitor, monocytes that originate in the bone m ...
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... Chondrocyte hypertrophy is an essential process required for endochondral bone formation. Proper regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy is also required in postnatal cartilage homeostasis. Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and PTHrP signaling play crucial roles in regulating the onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy ...
... Chondrocyte hypertrophy is an essential process required for endochondral bone formation. Proper regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy is also required in postnatal cartilage homeostasis. Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and PTHrP signaling play crucial roles in regulating the onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy ...
The Role of Pollen Tube Reception in Reproductive Isolation
... A very big thank you goes to Heike Linder for hours of great discussions, fun times while doing experiments and of course for being a such great friend also outside the lab. I am very grateful to Nuno Pires for all the help with statistics and mapping, planting for hours in the greenhouse and always ...
... A very big thank you goes to Heike Linder for hours of great discussions, fun times while doing experiments and of course for being a such great friend also outside the lab. I am very grateful to Nuno Pires for all the help with statistics and mapping, planting for hours in the greenhouse and always ...
Shier, Butler, and Lewis: Hole`s Human Anatomy and Physiology
... D. Cytoplasmic Division (Outcome 3.4.8) 1. Cytoplasmic division begins in_________________________ and ends in _______________________________________________________ . (Outcome 3.4.8) 2. ________ are responsible for pinching the cytoplasm in half. (Outcome 3.4.8) 3. The resulting daughter cells hav ...
... D. Cytoplasmic Division (Outcome 3.4.8) 1. Cytoplasmic division begins in_________________________ and ends in _______________________________________________________ . (Outcome 3.4.8) 2. ________ are responsible for pinching the cytoplasm in half. (Outcome 3.4.8) 3. The resulting daughter cells hav ...
Chapter 3
... D. Cytoplasmic Division (Outcome 3.4.8) 1. Cytoplasmic division begins in_________________________ and ends in _______________________________________________________ . (Outcome 3.4.8) 2. ________ are responsible for pinching the cytoplasm in half. (Outcome 3.4.8) 3. The resulting daughter cells hav ...
... D. Cytoplasmic Division (Outcome 3.4.8) 1. Cytoplasmic division begins in_________________________ and ends in _______________________________________________________ . (Outcome 3.4.8) 2. ________ are responsible for pinching the cytoplasm in half. (Outcome 3.4.8) 3. The resulting daughter cells hav ...
Growth and Controlled Morphogenesis in Pea Root
... containing1 g./l. yeastextractand 10-5M 2,4-D, maintainedgrowthof thecallus in cultureand that effectin the presweeklyto freshagar mediumfor 2,4-D had a markedsynergistic was transferred were made to 4 weeks and was then culturedin liquid medium ence of yeast extract. Experiments of these containing ...
... containing1 g./l. yeastextractand 10-5M 2,4-D, maintainedgrowthof thecallus in cultureand that effectin the presweeklyto freshagar mediumfor 2,4-D had a markedsynergistic was transferred were made to 4 weeks and was then culturedin liquid medium ence of yeast extract. Experiments of these containing ...
Root cap development in rice CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
... Along the central radial axis 8 cells with GUS staining could be found (Fig. 2D), confirming the number of columns observed with longitudinal sections. Moreover, the number of GUS-positive cells on the cross-section was approximately 50, in agreement with the estimated columella root cap cell number ...
... Along the central radial axis 8 cells with GUS staining could be found (Fig. 2D), confirming the number of columns observed with longitudinal sections. Moreover, the number of GUS-positive cells on the cross-section was approximately 50, in agreement with the estimated columella root cap cell number ...
- the University of Huddersfield Repository
... early protection against contaminating bacteria, comprised first by the recruitment of pathogen-destroying phagocytic neutrophils and later through macrophages. Both platelets and macrophages in the wound area release growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which regulate lymphoid cell-mediat ...
... early protection against contaminating bacteria, comprised first by the recruitment of pathogen-destroying phagocytic neutrophils and later through macrophages. Both platelets and macrophages in the wound area release growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which regulate lymphoid cell-mediat ...
foxQ2 evolved a key role in anterior head and central brain
... slightly fused (Fig. 3, compare black arrowheads in B´,C´ with A´). In stronger phenotypes, the CB was ...
... slightly fused (Fig. 3, compare black arrowheads in B´,C´ with A´). In stronger phenotypes, the CB was ...
Mechanisms of plasmid stable maintenance with special
... All three components, partition proteins A, B and par site, are required for partition. The ParB proteins bind specifically to their cognate cis-acting DNA sequences termed centromere-like regions (Mori et al., 1989; Watanabe et al., 1989). These cis-acting sites are located downstream (plasmids P1, ...
... All three components, partition proteins A, B and par site, are required for partition. The ParB proteins bind specifically to their cognate cis-acting DNA sequences termed centromere-like regions (Mori et al., 1989; Watanabe et al., 1989). These cis-acting sites are located downstream (plasmids P1, ...
Integrative genomics analysis identifies
... including multiple transcriptionally-competent intergenic disease-associated genomic loci (IDAGL; Figure 2) which produce biologically active trans-regulatory snpRNAs (1, 3). These observations suggest that chromatin binding to Lamin B1 and association with nucleoli may impact genome-wide chromatin ...
... including multiple transcriptionally-competent intergenic disease-associated genomic loci (IDAGL; Figure 2) which produce biologically active trans-regulatory snpRNAs (1, 3). These observations suggest that chromatin binding to Lamin B1 and association with nucleoli may impact genome-wide chromatin ...
Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in
... neural induction if FGF receptor (FGFR) activity is blocked, in spite of the normal expression of chd in the graft (Streit et al., 2000). Interestingly, some authors suggested that perhaps FGF signalling in the chick is primarily involved in repressing the expression of Bmp genes (Munoz-Sanjuan and ...
... neural induction if FGF receptor (FGFR) activity is blocked, in spite of the normal expression of chd in the graft (Streit et al., 2000). Interestingly, some authors suggested that perhaps FGF signalling in the chick is primarily involved in repressing the expression of Bmp genes (Munoz-Sanjuan and ...
Autophagy and pancreatitis
... the rates of formation and degradative activity of autolysosomes, the latter being controlled by the levels and proteolytic activities of lysosomal hydrolases, the LAMPs, intralysosomal pH, and other factors. Because the properties and functions of autophagosomes and autolysosomes are so different, ...
... the rates of formation and degradative activity of autolysosomes, the latter being controlled by the levels and proteolytic activities of lysosomal hydrolases, the LAMPs, intralysosomal pH, and other factors. Because the properties and functions of autophagosomes and autolysosomes are so different, ...
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... Both ATP sites can bind and hydrolyze ATP, and although both sites are required for P-gp function, only one site is utilized during single turnover (Ambudkar et al., ...
... Both ATP sites can bind and hydrolyze ATP, and although both sites are required for P-gp function, only one site is utilized during single turnover (Ambudkar et al., ...
Ca signaling and early embryonic patterning during zebrafish
... Figure 2. Representative examples of the Ca2+ signaling events that occur during the early development of zebrafish embryos. Imaging sequences are shown during: (A) the CP; (B) BP, and (C) GP as well as during (Di) somitogenesis, (Dii) head development and (Diii) tail formation in the early SP. (A) ...
... Figure 2. Representative examples of the Ca2+ signaling events that occur during the early development of zebrafish embryos. Imaging sequences are shown during: (A) the CP; (B) BP, and (C) GP as well as during (Di) somitogenesis, (Dii) head development and (Diii) tail formation in the early SP. (A) ...
ftsZ mutations affecting cell division frequency, placement and
... would affect the beginning of the core helix H7 that connects the N- and C-terminal domains of FtsZ. Six of the other seven alleles had mutations that would affect residues in the less-characterized C-terminal domain of FtsZ. The exception, ftsZ38, had two mutations: L302P, which lay close to the ft ...
... would affect the beginning of the core helix H7 that connects the N- and C-terminal domains of FtsZ. Six of the other seven alleles had mutations that would affect residues in the less-characterized C-terminal domain of FtsZ. The exception, ftsZ38, had two mutations: L302P, which lay close to the ft ...
McClay et al.
... specification we undertook a series of experiments designed to learn where and when these molecules are required in the induction process. The following set of experiments sequentially examines the induction sequence and the roles of β-catenin and Notch. Micromeres require nuclear β-catenin to attai ...
... specification we undertook a series of experiments designed to learn where and when these molecules are required in the induction process. The following set of experiments sequentially examines the induction sequence and the roles of β-catenin and Notch. Micromeres require nuclear β-catenin to attai ...
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... reasonable to expect that autophagy will have a significant impact on animal development, a process ultimately driven by changes in individual cell activity. Here, we discuss current concepts and recent findings regarding the cellular and developmental functions of autophagy. Although its role in de ...
... reasonable to expect that autophagy will have a significant impact on animal development, a process ultimately driven by changes in individual cell activity. Here, we discuss current concepts and recent findings regarding the cellular and developmental functions of autophagy. Although its role in de ...
A Lectin with Highly Potent Inhibitory Activity toward Breast
... after heating up to 62uC for 30 minutes. It also manifested stability over a wide pH range from pH 2 to 13. Nagaimo lectin was a galactose-specific lectin, as evidenced by binding with galactose and galactose-containing sugars such as lactose and raffinose. The minimum concentration of galactose, la ...
... after heating up to 62uC for 30 minutes. It also manifested stability over a wide pH range from pH 2 to 13. Nagaimo lectin was a galactose-specific lectin, as evidenced by binding with galactose and galactose-containing sugars such as lactose and raffinose. The minimum concentration of galactose, la ...
Visualization of APP dimerization and APP-Notch2 fluorescence complementation
... been most extensively studied in Drosophila, four mammalian homologs of Notch receptors have been characterized, Notch1–4. In parallel with the high sequence homology across species, Notch receptors share highly conserved signaling pathways of cell fate determination in the context of adulthood as w ...
... been most extensively studied in Drosophila, four mammalian homologs of Notch receptors have been characterized, Notch1–4. In parallel with the high sequence homology across species, Notch receptors share highly conserved signaling pathways of cell fate determination in the context of adulthood as w ...
Neuromodulation of Transduction and Signal
... manner, reach their peak post-synaptic actions in a few ms and then subsequently disappear from the synaptic cleft within 10's of ms. The action of a neurotransmitter consequently is phasic or pulsatile. Neurotransmitters elicit a direct effect on the post-synaptic membrane conductance. Under most c ...
... manner, reach their peak post-synaptic actions in a few ms and then subsequently disappear from the synaptic cleft within 10's of ms. The action of a neurotransmitter consequently is phasic or pulsatile. Neurotransmitters elicit a direct effect on the post-synaptic membrane conductance. Under most c ...
HIV-1 Replication by Distinct Mechanisms Monocyte
... stimuli. In this study, we demonstrate that cytokine-induced polarization of human monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) into either classical (M1) or alternatively activated (M2a) MDM is associated with a reduced capacity to support productive CCR5dependent (R5) HIV-1 infection. M1 polarization was ass ...
... stimuli. In this study, we demonstrate that cytokine-induced polarization of human monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) into either classical (M1) or alternatively activated (M2a) MDM is associated with a reduced capacity to support productive CCR5dependent (R5) HIV-1 infection. M1 polarization was ass ...
The Ph1 Locus Suppresses Cdk2-Type Activity during Premeiosis
... that is replicated within the 4-h period before fixation will potentially incorporate EdU. When the anthers are fixed and the labeling visualized, all chromosome structures replicating within the preceding 4-h period will potentially appear as labeled, even if they individually replicate at differen ...
... that is replicated within the 4-h period before fixation will potentially incorporate EdU. When the anthers are fixed and the labeling visualized, all chromosome structures replicating within the preceding 4-h period will potentially appear as labeled, even if they individually replicate at differen ...
The role of yolk syncytial layer and blastoderm movements during
... colleagues, who began genetic analysis in the zebrafish and established the methodological foundation allowing its use as a vertebrate model organism (Streisinger et al., 1981; Westerfield, 2000). Indeed, the zebrafish embryo offers many advantages to study embryonic development compared to other or ...
... colleagues, who began genetic analysis in the zebrafish and established the methodological foundation allowing its use as a vertebrate model organism (Streisinger et al., 1981; Westerfield, 2000). Indeed, the zebrafish embryo offers many advantages to study embryonic development compared to other or ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.