Dynamical patterning modules in plant development and evolution
... construction, which permits the formation of all other body plan types (characteristic of all land plants) (e.g., Fritschiella). Although plants, when broadly defined, constitute a polyphyletic group (Schlegel, 1994; Graham and Wilcox, 2000; Niklas, 2000), many of the overall shapes and growth forms ...
... construction, which permits the formation of all other body plan types (characteristic of all land plants) (e.g., Fritschiella). Although plants, when broadly defined, constitute a polyphyletic group (Schlegel, 1994; Graham and Wilcox, 2000; Niklas, 2000), many of the overall shapes and growth forms ...
synchronous pollen mitosis and the formation of the generative cell
... a few may enter it, but it is evident that the body itself is not simply a dense entanglement of microtubules, as is evident from the electron micrograph of the central region, (Fig. 20). The polar structure is seemingly a hemisphere, with a diameter of about o-6 /i, lying closely apposed to the pla ...
... a few may enter it, but it is evident that the body itself is not simply a dense entanglement of microtubules, as is evident from the electron micrograph of the central region, (Fig. 20). The polar structure is seemingly a hemisphere, with a diameter of about o-6 /i, lying closely apposed to the pla ...
Expression and Endocytosis of Lysosomal
... min at 37°C. The coverslips were mounted in Gel Mount (Biomeda) and viewed with a Leica confocal microscope. Uptak e of e xtracellular AGA. The recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-AGA cells (Riikonen et al., 1996) were labeled with [ 35S]cysteine for 4 hr, followed by incubation for 20 hr in fre ...
... min at 37°C. The coverslips were mounted in Gel Mount (Biomeda) and viewed with a Leica confocal microscope. Uptak e of e xtracellular AGA. The recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-AGA cells (Riikonen et al., 1996) were labeled with [ 35S]cysteine for 4 hr, followed by incubation for 20 hr in fre ...
gcat.davidson.edu
... membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical stress over a wide dynamic range of external mechanical stimuli ...
... membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical stress over a wide dynamic range of external mechanical stimuli ...
Cell size: a consequence of growth and division?
... cases, growth and cell division are regulated such that when a cell enters mitosis it has achieved the appropriate size. These mechanisms are not all mutually exclusive. For example, models one and three could co-exist if the signal that promotes cell division in each model is necessary but not suff ...
... cases, growth and cell division are regulated such that when a cell enters mitosis it has achieved the appropriate size. These mechanisms are not all mutually exclusive. For example, models one and three could co-exist if the signal that promotes cell division in each model is necessary but not suff ...
Silence is green - Biochemical Society Transactions
... 2 nt 3 overhangs, which license them for incorporation into protein effector complexes that regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner [1,2]. The known evolutionary diversity speaks of the remarkable number of ways in which this regulation can occur. Small RNAs have been implicated in d ...
... 2 nt 3 overhangs, which license them for incorporation into protein effector complexes that regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner [1,2]. The known evolutionary diversity speaks of the remarkable number of ways in which this regulation can occur. Small RNAs have been implicated in d ...
Expression Sequences and Distribution of Two Primary Cell
... in the development of Xenopus was studied with a polyclonal rabbit antibody (684) and with two mouse monoclonal antibodies (7C8 and 10H4), all of which were prepared against Xenopus N-CAM (Fraser et al., 1984). All these antibodies have been shown to be able to block the aggregation of Xenopus brain ...
... in the development of Xenopus was studied with a polyclonal rabbit antibody (684) and with two mouse monoclonal antibodies (7C8 and 10H4), all of which were prepared against Xenopus N-CAM (Fraser et al., 1984). All these antibodies have been shown to be able to block the aggregation of Xenopus brain ...
Formation Costimulation in Immunological Synapse Live
... of costimulation involves B7 molecules (CD80 and CD86) on APC and their receptor on T cells, CD28. Numerous studies have shown that B7/CD28 ligation enhances proliferation and IL-2 secretion by CD4⫹ T cells (13, 14). CD28 engagement is linked to cytoskeletal rearrangements upon TCR ligation (5, 15), ...
... of costimulation involves B7 molecules (CD80 and CD86) on APC and their receptor on T cells, CD28. Numerous studies have shown that B7/CD28 ligation enhances proliferation and IL-2 secretion by CD4⫹ T cells (13, 14). CD28 engagement is linked to cytoskeletal rearrangements upon TCR ligation (5, 15), ...
Ca - AJP - Renal Physiology - American Journal of Physiology
... alternative splice site. This site is encoded by 6 different exons denoted A-F (16, 29). In the RNCX clone, the alternative splice site is encoded by exons B and D, and in SNCX it is encoded by exons B, D, and F (33). Although there is some indication that the alternative splice site may be importan ...
... alternative splice site. This site is encoded by 6 different exons denoted A-F (16, 29). In the RNCX clone, the alternative splice site is encoded by exons B and D, and in SNCX it is encoded by exons B, D, and F (33). Although there is some indication that the alternative splice site may be importan ...
lncreased Expression of Vacuolar Aquaporin and H+
... permeability of the lipid bilayer is more than sufficient for required fluxes. However, some specialized plant cells, such as stomata cells, the motor cells of the pulvini of Mimosa pudica, or of the stamens of Mahonia spp. change their volume very rapidly using water exchange with surrounding cells ...
... permeability of the lipid bilayer is more than sufficient for required fluxes. However, some specialized plant cells, such as stomata cells, the motor cells of the pulvini of Mimosa pudica, or of the stamens of Mahonia spp. change their volume very rapidly using water exchange with surrounding cells ...
Human pluripotent stem cells
... which also exhibit pluripotency (i.e. capacity to differentiate into cell types from all three embryonic germ layers). While mouse ESCs maintain their pluripotent phenotype when grown on a feeder layer of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), Doetschman and colleagues found that, when removed from MEFs ...
... which also exhibit pluripotency (i.e. capacity to differentiate into cell types from all three embryonic germ layers). While mouse ESCs maintain their pluripotent phenotype when grown on a feeder layer of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), Doetschman and colleagues found that, when removed from MEFs ...
PDF
... Series I. Halves of pre-gastrula and early gastrula embryonic ectoderm. Embryonic ectoderm belonging to developmental stages 11 (pre-primitive streak) and 12 (early primitive streak) was divided approximately into two halves by either a transverse or a longitudinal cut (Fig. 1). Longitudinal cuts we ...
... Series I. Halves of pre-gastrula and early gastrula embryonic ectoderm. Embryonic ectoderm belonging to developmental stages 11 (pre-primitive streak) and 12 (early primitive streak) was divided approximately into two halves by either a transverse or a longitudinal cut (Fig. 1). Longitudinal cuts we ...
Plant Physiology
... resistance against the infection of P. syringae pv maculicola ES4326. SSN2 contains a SWI2/SNF2 and MuDR domain and is mainly located to the nucleus (Song et al., 2011). RAD51D directly interacts with SSN2 and forms a complex with BRCA2A, suggesting that these three SSNs work together in one protein ...
... resistance against the infection of P. syringae pv maculicola ES4326. SSN2 contains a SWI2/SNF2 and MuDR domain and is mainly located to the nucleus (Song et al., 2011). RAD51D directly interacts with SSN2 and forms a complex with BRCA2A, suggesting that these three SSNs work together in one protein ...
Control of cell cycle transcription during G1 and S phases
... Cells commit to enter a new cell cycle during G1 by activating cyclin–CDK-dependent transcription (FIG. 1). G1–S transcriptional activation during late G1 promotes entry into S phase after which expression is turned off. This creates a wave of transcription, which peaks at the G1‑to‑S transition (BO ...
... Cells commit to enter a new cell cycle during G1 by activating cyclin–CDK-dependent transcription (FIG. 1). G1–S transcriptional activation during late G1 promotes entry into S phase after which expression is turned off. This creates a wave of transcription, which peaks at the G1‑to‑S transition (BO ...
Session 209 Lens development and cell biology
... Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY. Purpose: Gene regulatory networks allow system level control of key cellular processes including differentiation. Lens fiber differentiation is strictly controlled through temporal and spatial organization of gene expression, including cry ...
... Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY. Purpose: Gene regulatory networks allow system level control of key cellular processes including differentiation. Lens fiber differentiation is strictly controlled through temporal and spatial organization of gene expression, including cry ...
Myc increases self-renewal in neural progenitor cells through Miz-1
... To study the function of Myc in self-renewal and differentiation, a tamoxifen-regulatable construct of human MYC (MycER) was transduced into NPCs. As the MycER turned out to be leaky, in this work we used constant tamoxifen administration in all MycER experiments, and an empty pBabe vector transduce ...
... To study the function of Myc in self-renewal and differentiation, a tamoxifen-regulatable construct of human MYC (MycER) was transduced into NPCs. As the MycER turned out to be leaky, in this work we used constant tamoxifen administration in all MycER experiments, and an empty pBabe vector transduce ...
Dynamin 2 mediates fluid-phase micropinocytosis in epithelial cells
... HRP recovered to that of control cells, or more (Damke et al., 1995), suggesting that inhibition of Dyn1 could induce a compensatory endocytic pathway for fluid uptake. Indeed, a Cdc42-dependent, Dyn2-independent pathway used to internalize GPI-linked proteins and thought to be a main mechanism of f ...
... HRP recovered to that of control cells, or more (Damke et al., 1995), suggesting that inhibition of Dyn1 could induce a compensatory endocytic pathway for fluid uptake. Indeed, a Cdc42-dependent, Dyn2-independent pathway used to internalize GPI-linked proteins and thought to be a main mechanism of f ...
Barbara McClintock - Nobel Lecture
... the descendants of those cells that had lost this fragment. It occurred to me that the fragment could be a ring-chromosome, and that losses of the fragment were caused by an exchange between sister chromatids following replication of the ring. This would produce a double-size ring with two centromer ...
... the descendants of those cells that had lost this fragment. It occurred to me that the fragment could be a ring-chromosome, and that losses of the fragment were caused by an exchange between sister chromatids following replication of the ring. This would produce a double-size ring with two centromer ...
Aging and Mitochondria - SENS Research Foundation
... Exercise, fasting, and low blood sugar levels are good for your collagen. ...
... Exercise, fasting, and low blood sugar levels are good for your collagen. ...
The Transition Between Different Physiological States
... In the preceding paper (Schaechteret al. 1958)we showed that, under conditions of unrestricted balanced growth, mass,RNA and DNA/cellchangeexponentially with the growth rate. The transition from one state of balanced growth to another therefore requires a period of adjustment, the characteristics of ...
... In the preceding paper (Schaechteret al. 1958)we showed that, under conditions of unrestricted balanced growth, mass,RNA and DNA/cellchangeexponentially with the growth rate. The transition from one state of balanced growth to another therefore requires a period of adjustment, the characteristics of ...
Targets for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment
... back into the chromosome (Alitalo et al.). As a result. 50 or ...
... back into the chromosome (Alitalo et al.). As a result. 50 or ...
Isolation of Spherosomes with Lysosome Characteristics from
... nents from the soluble material indicates the pos sibility of an interaction between hydrolases and soluble factors. In fact the high speed supernatant contains an inhibitory factor for acid protease and phosphatase as demonstrated by determ inations of sedimentable activities in the presence or ab ...
... nents from the soluble material indicates the pos sibility of an interaction between hydrolases and soluble factors. In fact the high speed supernatant contains an inhibitory factor for acid protease and phosphatase as demonstrated by determ inations of sedimentable activities in the presence or ab ...
Defining retinal progenitor cell competence in
... control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., although each RPC does not necessarily make all cell types. We call this the ‘stepwise model’. A strict stepwise model would fit data th ...
... control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., although each RPC does not necessarily make all cell types. We call this the ‘stepwise model’. A strict stepwise model would fit data th ...
Isolation of Spherosomes with Lysosome
... nents from the soluble material indicates the pos sibility of an interaction between hydrolases and soluble factors. In fact the high speed supernatant contains an inhibitory factor for acid protease and phosphatase as demonstrated by determ inations of sedimentable activities in the presence or ab ...
... nents from the soluble material indicates the pos sibility of an interaction between hydrolases and soluble factors. In fact the high speed supernatant contains an inhibitory factor for acid protease and phosphatase as demonstrated by determ inations of sedimentable activities in the presence or ab ...
PDF
... control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., although each RPC does not necessarily make all cell types. We call this the ‘stepwise model’. A strict stepwise model would fit data th ...
... control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., although each RPC does not necessarily make all cell types. We call this the ‘stepwise model’. A strict stepwise model would fit data th ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.