Cytoskeleton: What Does GTP Do for Septins? Dispatch
... for the role of GTP in septin biochemistry, other models are also worth considering. For all GTPases, GTP binding and hydrolysis allow the protein to act as a molecular switch, but the function of this switch differs markedly between GTPase sub-families. In Figure 2 we summarize a subset of the know ...
... for the role of GTP in septin biochemistry, other models are also worth considering. For all GTPases, GTP binding and hydrolysis allow the protein to act as a molecular switch, but the function of this switch differs markedly between GTPase sub-families. In Figure 2 we summarize a subset of the know ...
The mitochondrial compartment - Plant Mitochondrial dynamics
... slot-like crista junctions have been measured at up to 200 nm, although the average length is 30–40 nm (Frey et al., 2002; Perkins et al., 1997a). The number of crista junctions and the morphology of the intercristal space have been shown to change with the metabolic state of the mitochondria (Hacke ...
... slot-like crista junctions have been measured at up to 200 nm, although the average length is 30–40 nm (Frey et al., 2002; Perkins et al., 1997a). The number of crista junctions and the morphology of the intercristal space have been shown to change with the metabolic state of the mitochondria (Hacke ...
The actin cytoskeleton is a target of the self
... signalling (CaÂrdenas et al., 1998), but were not detected in other studies of Nod factor stimulation (Miller et al., 1999). In lower plants, although a cortical actin patch is detected during the establishment of polarity in algae (Braun and Wasteneys, 1998; Alessa and Kropf, 1999), this appears ve ...
... signalling (CaÂrdenas et al., 1998), but were not detected in other studies of Nod factor stimulation (Miller et al., 1999). In lower plants, although a cortical actin patch is detected during the establishment of polarity in algae (Braun and Wasteneys, 1998; Alessa and Kropf, 1999), this appears ve ...
"Yeast". - ResearchGate
... features of higher eukaryotes. The fact that many cellular processes are conserved among different eukaryotic species-combined with the powerful genetic and molecular tools that are available- has made these yeasts important experimental organisms for a variety of basic problems in eukaryotic molecu ...
... features of higher eukaryotes. The fact that many cellular processes are conserved among different eukaryotic species-combined with the powerful genetic and molecular tools that are available- has made these yeasts important experimental organisms for a variety of basic problems in eukaryotic molecu ...
BIOACCUMULATION OF METAL CATIONS BY YEAST AND YEAST
... hollow fibre microfilter membrane cartridges and used as a fixed-bed bioaccumulator. ...
... hollow fibre microfilter membrane cartridges and used as a fixed-bed bioaccumulator. ...
How cohesin and CTCF cooperate in regulating gene expression
... before DNA replication, and this process depends on a complex of the DNA bound proteins Scc2 and Scc4 (Ciosk et al. 2000). The subsequent establishment of cohesion during S-phase is tightly coupled to DNA replication and requires an acetyltransferase, called Eco1/Ctf7 in S. cerevisiae (Toth et al. 1 ...
... before DNA replication, and this process depends on a complex of the DNA bound proteins Scc2 and Scc4 (Ciosk et al. 2000). The subsequent establishment of cohesion during S-phase is tightly coupled to DNA replication and requires an acetyltransferase, called Eco1/Ctf7 in S. cerevisiae (Toth et al. 1 ...
From filaments to function: The role of the plant actin cytoskeleton in
... trafficking, while actin-dependent, functions independently of microtubules. In a parallel study, Ribeiro et al. (2013) came to a similar conclusion, demonstrating that nucleoprotein trafficking is actin-dependent and microtubule-independent, while further showing that actin was not required for the a ...
... trafficking, while actin-dependent, functions independently of microtubules. In a parallel study, Ribeiro et al. (2013) came to a similar conclusion, demonstrating that nucleoprotein trafficking is actin-dependent and microtubule-independent, while further showing that actin was not required for the a ...
Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of
... growth anisotropy of the trichome branch also requires an intact actin cytoskeleton. Arabidopsis trichome mutants of the distorted (dis) class have provided a useful system to study actin-dependent cell morphogenesis (Mathur, 2005; Szymanski, 2005). DIS1, for example, encodes an actin-related protei ...
... growth anisotropy of the trichome branch also requires an intact actin cytoskeleton. Arabidopsis trichome mutants of the distorted (dis) class have provided a useful system to study actin-dependent cell morphogenesis (Mathur, 2005; Szymanski, 2005). DIS1, for example, encodes an actin-related protei ...
The TSC1–TSC2 complex: a molecular switchboard controlling cell
... TOR proteins are serine/threonine kinases of the PIKK (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinase) family, with orthologues found in all eukaryotes. TOR proteins play an evolutionarily conserved role in the control of cell growth (i.e. an increase in cell size), but they have also been found to regula ...
... TOR proteins are serine/threonine kinases of the PIKK (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinase) family, with orthologues found in all eukaryotes. TOR proteins play an evolutionarily conserved role in the control of cell growth (i.e. an increase in cell size), but they have also been found to regula ...
Sanguinarine (Pseudochelerythrine) Is a Potent Inhibitor of NF
... retarded band visualized by EMSA in TNF-treated cells was indeed NF-kB, we incubated NE from TNF-activated cells with antibody to either p50 (NF-kB1) or p65 (Rel A) subunits and then conducted EMSA. Antibodies to either subunit shifted the band completely to a higher molecular weight (Fig. 3B). Anti ...
... retarded band visualized by EMSA in TNF-treated cells was indeed NF-kB, we incubated NE from TNF-activated cells with antibody to either p50 (NF-kB1) or p65 (Rel A) subunits and then conducted EMSA. Antibodies to either subunit shifted the band completely to a higher molecular weight (Fig. 3B). Anti ...
neural crest specification: migrating into genomics
... Foxd3 is another gene whose expression is specific to neural crest precursors in the ectoderm of all vertebrates53–56. In addition, it is weakly expressed in the paraxial mesoderm. Like Slug, Foxd3 gain-of-function expands the neural crest field53–55 and loss-of-function ablates neural crest precurs ...
... Foxd3 is another gene whose expression is specific to neural crest precursors in the ectoderm of all vertebrates53–56. In addition, it is weakly expressed in the paraxial mesoderm. Like Slug, Foxd3 gain-of-function expands the neural crest field53–55 and loss-of-function ablates neural crest precurs ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... this evolution. This in turn required continuous adaptation of the genomic regulatory programs that control cardiac development. In general genetic terms, molecular pathways for regional specification of morphological structures had to be selected, which resulted in the activation of sets of downstr ...
... this evolution. This in turn required continuous adaptation of the genomic regulatory programs that control cardiac development. In general genetic terms, molecular pathways for regional specification of morphological structures had to be selected, which resulted in the activation of sets of downstr ...
Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development
... this evolution. This in turn required continuous adaptation of the genomic regulatory programs that control cardiac development. In general genetic terms, molecular pathways for regional specification of morphological structures had to be selected, which resulted in the activation of sets of downstr ...
... this evolution. This in turn required continuous adaptation of the genomic regulatory programs that control cardiac development. In general genetic terms, molecular pathways for regional specification of morphological structures had to be selected, which resulted in the activation of sets of downstr ...
FGF signaling controls caudal hindbrain specification through Ras
... mice have shown that they contain functional vHNF1binding sites, suggesting that vHnf1 can control these genes in a direct manner as well [13,14]. One of the questions that have challenged developmental biologists in the last years is how FGF signaling can generate such a different array of response ...
... mice have shown that they contain functional vHNF1binding sites, suggesting that vHnf1 can control these genes in a direct manner as well [13,14]. One of the questions that have challenged developmental biologists in the last years is how FGF signaling can generate such a different array of response ...
Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development, Genes, and Evolution
... this evolution. This in turn required continuous adaptation of the genomic regulatory programs that control cardiac development. In general genetic terms, molecular pathways for regional specification of morphological structures had to be selected, which resulted in the activation of sets of downstr ...
... this evolution. This in turn required continuous adaptation of the genomic regulatory programs that control cardiac development. In general genetic terms, molecular pathways for regional specification of morphological structures had to be selected, which resulted in the activation of sets of downstr ...
Regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis
... (H2DCF-DA). An increase in fluorescence was observed in guard cells after t-Z treatment (Figure 3A), indicating that CK is able to induce ROS production. Notably, t-Z-mediated ROS production was compromised in the ahk3-3 and arr2 mutants and these mutants were also defective in flg22-mediated ROS pr ...
... (H2DCF-DA). An increase in fluorescence was observed in guard cells after t-Z treatment (Figure 3A), indicating that CK is able to induce ROS production. Notably, t-Z-mediated ROS production was compromised in the ahk3-3 and arr2 mutants and these mutants were also defective in flg22-mediated ROS pr ...
Conservation of PHO pathway in ascomycetes and the role of Pho84
... cyclin-dependent kinase complex, Pho80-Pho85, the transcription factor, Pho4 and the PHO responsive genes involved in acquisition, storage and uptake of phosphate (Lenburg and O'Shea 1996; Oshima 1997; Persson et al. 2003; Mouillon and Persson 2006; Secco et al. 2012) (figure 2). The activity of thi ...
... cyclin-dependent kinase complex, Pho80-Pho85, the transcription factor, Pho4 and the PHO responsive genes involved in acquisition, storage and uptake of phosphate (Lenburg and O'Shea 1996; Oshima 1997; Persson et al. 2003; Mouillon and Persson 2006; Secco et al. 2012) (figure 2). The activity of thi ...
Patterson - Iowa State University
... scanning electron micrographs (Fig. 3). Light microscopy showed that all lines developed a typical abscission zone for the filament, petal, and sepal (Fig. 2A). The abscission zones were characterized by small, densely cytoplasmic cells two to six layers deep. Separation and elongation of cells was ...
... scanning electron micrographs (Fig. 3). Light microscopy showed that all lines developed a typical abscission zone for the filament, petal, and sepal (Fig. 2A). The abscission zones were characterized by small, densely cytoplasmic cells two to six layers deep. Separation and elongation of cells was ...
Low peak bone mass and attenuated anabolic response to
... entire Cx43 reading frame with the lacZ reporter cassette selectively in bone-forming cells (Castro et al., 2003). With this model, Cre is expressed just before birth and in cells that are already partially differentiated into osteoblasts, thus providing an osteoblast-specific and postnatal gene abl ...
... entire Cx43 reading frame with the lacZ reporter cassette selectively in bone-forming cells (Castro et al., 2003). With this model, Cre is expressed just before birth and in cells that are already partially differentiated into osteoblasts, thus providing an osteoblast-specific and postnatal gene abl ...
Low peak bone mass and attenuated anabolic response to
... entire Cx43 reading frame with the lacZ reporter cassette selectively in bone-forming cells (Castro et al., 2003). With this model, Cre is expressed just before birth and in cells that are already partially differentiated into osteoblasts, thus providing an osteoblast-specific and postnatal gene abl ...
... entire Cx43 reading frame with the lacZ reporter cassette selectively in bone-forming cells (Castro et al., 2003). With this model, Cre is expressed just before birth and in cells that are already partially differentiated into osteoblasts, thus providing an osteoblast-specific and postnatal gene abl ...
Self-assembled pH-responsive hyaluronic acid–g-poly(l
... location of tumors for triggered release compared with other stimuli-responsive strategies [22,25]. It is well known that the physiological pH in cancer cells is lower than that in blood and normal tissues, and is about 6.0 and 5.0 in intracellular early lysosomes and late lysosomes, respectively [2 ...
... location of tumors for triggered release compared with other stimuli-responsive strategies [22,25]. It is well known that the physiological pH in cancer cells is lower than that in blood and normal tissues, and is about 6.0 and 5.0 in intracellular early lysosomes and late lysosomes, respectively [2 ...
Classification - HAL
... gp120Bx08 as a tracer (Fig. 1). The enhanced potency of PSC-RANTES, which occurs despite its relatively low capacity to compete with 35S-gp120Bx08 for binding to CCR5, is likely to be due to its enhanced capacity to induce CCR5 downregulation (23). To test this hypothesis, we performed infection inh ...
... gp120Bx08 as a tracer (Fig. 1). The enhanced potency of PSC-RANTES, which occurs despite its relatively low capacity to compete with 35S-gp120Bx08 for binding to CCR5, is likely to be due to its enhanced capacity to induce CCR5 downregulation (23). To test this hypothesis, we performed infection inh ...
Analysis of the genetic hierarchy guiding wing vein development in
... phenotype by itself); 0? = no phenotype differing from that of the rhoHS line was observed in progeny from flies heterozygous for the test mutation, but test mutation alone when homozygous was incompletely penetrant or had a very weak phenotype; − = not tested. Underlined genes in the first column w ...
... phenotype by itself); 0? = no phenotype differing from that of the rhoHS line was observed in progeny from flies heterozygous for the test mutation, but test mutation alone when homozygous was incompletely penetrant or had a very weak phenotype; − = not tested. Underlined genes in the first column w ...
Auxin Transport Promotes Arabidopsis Lateral Root Initiation
... Lateral root development in Arabidopsis provides a model for the study of hormonal signals that regulate postembryonic organogenesis in higher plants. Lateral roots originate from pairs of pericycle cells, in several cell files positioned opposite the xylem pole, that initiate a series of asymmetric ...
... Lateral root development in Arabidopsis provides a model for the study of hormonal signals that regulate postembryonic organogenesis in higher plants. Lateral roots originate from pairs of pericycle cells, in several cell files positioned opposite the xylem pole, that initiate a series of asymmetric ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.