(2002) Thyroxine induces pancreatic beta cell apoptosis in rats
... pancreas due to thyroid hormone-induced apoptosis in the hyperthyroid state puts an increased demand on each single remaining beta cell, which have to compensate for the increased insulin requirements due to thyroxine-induced peripheral insulin resistance [2]. An increase of the blood glucose concen ...
... pancreas due to thyroid hormone-induced apoptosis in the hyperthyroid state puts an increased demand on each single remaining beta cell, which have to compensate for the increased insulin requirements due to thyroxine-induced peripheral insulin resistance [2]. An increase of the blood glucose concen ...
Helical growth in plant organs: mechanisms and
... (circumnutation), tendril coiling, leaf and bud reversal (resupination), petal arrangement (contortion) and leaf blade twisting. Recent genetic findings have revealed that such helical growth may be associated with helical arrays of cortical microtubules and of overlying cellulose microfibrils. An a ...
... (circumnutation), tendril coiling, leaf and bud reversal (resupination), petal arrangement (contortion) and leaf blade twisting. Recent genetic findings have revealed that such helical growth may be associated with helical arrays of cortical microtubules and of overlying cellulose microfibrils. An a ...
Parasitic fungi on roses - Formatex Research Center
... serious pre- and postharvest diseases in more than 200 plant species, including agriculturally important crops and harvested commodities, such as grapes, tomatoes, strawberries, cucumbers, bulb flowers, cut flowers and ornamental plants [24]. The broad host range of B. cinerea results in great econo ...
... serious pre- and postharvest diseases in more than 200 plant species, including agriculturally important crops and harvested commodities, such as grapes, tomatoes, strawberries, cucumbers, bulb flowers, cut flowers and ornamental plants [24]. The broad host range of B. cinerea results in great econo ...
salinity change and cell volume: the response of tissues from the
... however, attracted less attention, although several studies have clearly documented an increased efflux of amino acids from the ventricles of Geukensia demissa following acute exposure to dilute sea water (e.g. Pierce and Greenberg, 1972, 1973; Deaton, 1994). We recently determined the response of c ...
... however, attracted less attention, although several studies have clearly documented an increased efflux of amino acids from the ventricles of Geukensia demissa following acute exposure to dilute sea water (e.g. Pierce and Greenberg, 1972, 1973; Deaton, 1994). We recently determined the response of c ...
Pavement cell chloroplast behaviour and interactions with other
... The presence of PCC in Arabidopsis was best appreciated when the pavement cells were viewed from a lateral perspective. As shown in Fig. 1 this view was easily achieved for pavement cells lying at the edges of cotyledons and leaves. It allowed direct observation of the subcellular environment around ...
... The presence of PCC in Arabidopsis was best appreciated when the pavement cells were viewed from a lateral perspective. As shown in Fig. 1 this view was easily achieved for pavement cells lying at the edges of cotyledons and leaves. It allowed direct observation of the subcellular environment around ...
Fission Yeast Bub1 Is a Mitotic Centromere Protein Essential for the
... centromeric DNA, and to aberrantly segregating centromeres (for review see Rudner and Murray, 1996). All of these defects could interfere with kinetochore–microtubule attachment and a sensing system at kinetochores would allow the checkpoint to monitor the whole process of spindle assembly. Consiste ...
... centromeric DNA, and to aberrantly segregating centromeres (for review see Rudner and Murray, 1996). All of these defects could interfere with kinetochore–microtubule attachment and a sensing system at kinetochores would allow the checkpoint to monitor the whole process of spindle assembly. Consiste ...
Biology - Prescott Unified School District
... Explain how bacteria cause disease. Describe how bacterial growth can be controlled. Explain how viruses cause disease. Cite evidence to support analysis of text, determine central ideas and conclusions and assess the extent to which the reasoning and evidence support the author’s claim (Epidemiolog ...
... Explain how bacteria cause disease. Describe how bacterial growth can be controlled. Explain how viruses cause disease. Cite evidence to support analysis of text, determine central ideas and conclusions and assess the extent to which the reasoning and evidence support the author’s claim (Epidemiolog ...
Motoneurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Develop
... mental and physiological characteristics. We began by comparing global protein expression profiles between iPSCMNs and ESCMNs and found that ⬍4% of the proteins were differentially regulated. These results indicate that iPSCMNs and ESCMNs are similar at the level of protein expression. We then went ...
... mental and physiological characteristics. We began by comparing global protein expression profiles between iPSCMNs and ESCMNs and found that ⬍4% of the proteins were differentially regulated. These results indicate that iPSCMNs and ESCMNs are similar at the level of protein expression. We then went ...
Biology 2121 Review – Cell Structure and Function (Chapter 3
... Amphiphatic – polar and nonpolar sections Know the chemistry behind the polar heads and nonpolar tails Location and functions of the following proteins o Integral and peripheral proteins Role of cholesterol Role of the glycoproteins Function of the gap junctions Structural role of the ...
... Amphiphatic – polar and nonpolar sections Know the chemistry behind the polar heads and nonpolar tails Location and functions of the following proteins o Integral and peripheral proteins Role of cholesterol Role of the glycoproteins Function of the gap junctions Structural role of the ...
University of Groningen How to get (a)round Pinho, Mariana
... When the septal peptidoglycan has been synthesized by the PBPs, autolysins are required to split the septum and generate two equally sized daughter cells (FIG. 1a). Little is known about cell wall remodelling in cocci, but cryo-electron microscopy of thin sections of S. aureus cells has shown that c ...
... When the septal peptidoglycan has been synthesized by the PBPs, autolysins are required to split the septum and generate two equally sized daughter cells (FIG. 1a). Little is known about cell wall remodelling in cocci, but cryo-electron microscopy of thin sections of S. aureus cells has shown that c ...
Therapies for sarcopenia and regeneration of old skeletal muscles
... fidelity of the normal tissue in vivo.”16 One specific example is that the behavior of satellite cells is heavily influenced by adjacent cells such as fibroblasts with crucial dynamic interactions between these cells types in vivo,25 yet fibroblasts are absent from most in vitro experiments using sa ...
... fidelity of the normal tissue in vivo.”16 One specific example is that the behavior of satellite cells is heavily influenced by adjacent cells such as fibroblasts with crucial dynamic interactions between these cells types in vivo,25 yet fibroblasts are absent from most in vitro experiments using sa ...
Ethanol Induces Heterotopias in Organotypic
... process. The initiation of migration can be delayed and the rate of migration retarded (Miller, 1993). The net result is that the columnar organization of cortex can be disrupted so that cells with particular (generational and/or connectional) phenotypes can terminate their migration in ectopic site ...
... process. The initiation of migration can be delayed and the rate of migration retarded (Miller, 1993). The net result is that the columnar organization of cortex can be disrupted so that cells with particular (generational and/or connectional) phenotypes can terminate their migration in ectopic site ...
The Gram Reaction and Cell Composition: Nucleic
... We included Bacillus brevis in the Gram-negativegroup of organisms because, in spite of its staining character, it possesses all the normal physiological characteristics of the Gram-positive aerobic spore-forming rods. The fact that B . brevis lacks XSP adds considerable weight to the correlation be ...
... We included Bacillus brevis in the Gram-negativegroup of organisms because, in spite of its staining character, it possesses all the normal physiological characteristics of the Gram-positive aerobic spore-forming rods. The fact that B . brevis lacks XSP adds considerable weight to the correlation be ...
Pea3 Transcription Factor Family Members Etv4 and Etv5 Mediate
... TrkA revealed that NGF is essential not only for neuronal survival but also for the establishment of correct target innervation (Patel et al., 2000). Target-derived NGF elicits both local and long-range effects, which require retrograde signaling from the distal axon (DA) to the cell body (CB) and i ...
... TrkA revealed that NGF is essential not only for neuronal survival but also for the establishment of correct target innervation (Patel et al., 2000). Target-derived NGF elicits both local and long-range effects, which require retrograde signaling from the distal axon (DA) to the cell body (CB) and i ...
Document
... • The first 100 or so amino acids at the N-terminus of both H and L chains vary greatly from antibody to antibody – they are termed variable (V) regions – unless members of the same clone (often not even then!), no two B cells are likely to secrete antibodies with the same V region – the amino acid ...
... • The first 100 or so amino acids at the N-terminus of both H and L chains vary greatly from antibody to antibody – they are termed variable (V) regions – unless members of the same clone (often not even then!), no two B cells are likely to secrete antibodies with the same V region – the amino acid ...
pdf - John Innes Centre
... Pisum sativum has helped to identify key components in the developmental pathways associated with nodule morphogenesis (Stougaard et al., 2001; Tsyganov et al., 2002; Ben Amor et al., 2003). In some cases, the relevant genes have recently been cloned and sequenced, giving an indication of underlying ...
... Pisum sativum has helped to identify key components in the developmental pathways associated with nodule morphogenesis (Stougaard et al., 2001; Tsyganov et al., 2002; Ben Amor et al., 2003). In some cases, the relevant genes have recently been cloned and sequenced, giving an indication of underlying ...
The avian organizer
... (Carnac et al., 1996; Brannon et al., 1997).The transcription of siamois and dharma/nieuwkoid is directly under the control of a transcription factor complex including β−catenin, and expressing cells induce non-cell-autonomously the expression of the organizer marker goosecoid. Corresponding avian h ...
... (Carnac et al., 1996; Brannon et al., 1997).The transcription of siamois and dharma/nieuwkoid is directly under the control of a transcription factor complex including β−catenin, and expressing cells induce non-cell-autonomously the expression of the organizer marker goosecoid. Corresponding avian h ...
Protein Kinase C–dependent Activation of Cytosolic
... buffer for SDS-PAGE and Western blotting or in the assay buffer supplemented with 5 mM DTT for the cPLA2 activity assay. Phosphorylation-induced mobility shift, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting of MAP kinase. Cells cultured in a 6-well plate were washed four times with serum- and NaHCO3-free DME suppl ...
... buffer for SDS-PAGE and Western blotting or in the assay buffer supplemented with 5 mM DTT for the cPLA2 activity assay. Phosphorylation-induced mobility shift, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting of MAP kinase. Cells cultured in a 6-well plate were washed four times with serum- and NaHCO3-free DME suppl ...
Reactive Oxygen Intermediates Activate NF-KB in a
... radicals, hydrated electrons, and H202. Additional H,Oz is generated in irradiated cells by the dismutation of superoxide anions that are produced by the action of hydrated electrons on oxygen molecule^.^ H202 can be converted into highly active ROI.’ Compelling evidence indicates that a cascade of ...
... radicals, hydrated electrons, and H202. Additional H,Oz is generated in irradiated cells by the dismutation of superoxide anions that are produced by the action of hydrated electrons on oxygen molecule^.^ H202 can be converted into highly active ROI.’ Compelling evidence indicates that a cascade of ...
Fatty acids as gatekeepers of immune cell regulation - Direct-MS
... immune and inflammatory responses, the true extent of which have probably not yet been realized. It is becoming clear that the regulation of eicosanoid formation involves activation of enzymes at specific intracellular sites and that this local generation of eicosanoids might be facilitated by the p ...
... immune and inflammatory responses, the true extent of which have probably not yet been realized. It is becoming clear that the regulation of eicosanoid formation involves activation of enzymes at specific intracellular sites and that this local generation of eicosanoids might be facilitated by the p ...
Reactive Oxygen Intermediates Activate NF-KB in a
... radicals, hydrated electrons, and H202. Additional H,Oz is generated in irradiated cells by the dismutation of superoxide anions that are produced by the action of hydrated electrons on oxygen molecule^.^ H202 can be converted into highly active ROI.’ Compelling evidence indicates that a cascade of ...
... radicals, hydrated electrons, and H202. Additional H,Oz is generated in irradiated cells by the dismutation of superoxide anions that are produced by the action of hydrated electrons on oxygen molecule^.^ H202 can be converted into highly active ROI.’ Compelling evidence indicates that a cascade of ...
research article Numerical study of the electroporation pulse shape
... world and for this reason it has drawn the attention of many researchers. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hydrophilic with very low transport through the cell membrane and thus high doses of t ...
... world and for this reason it has drawn the attention of many researchers. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hydrophilic with very low transport through the cell membrane and thus high doses of t ...
Diabetes and Insulin Signaling - National Center for Case Study
... the time and he gives himself injections before most meals. And for some reason my mom has to remind him everyday to check his feet, but I never understood why.” “Your grandpa’s goal is to keep his glucose levels balanced; it can’t be too high or too low. He checks his blood glucose to see if he nee ...
... the time and he gives himself injections before most meals. And for some reason my mom has to remind him everyday to check his feet, but I never understood why.” “Your grandpa’s goal is to keep his glucose levels balanced; it can’t be too high or too low. He checks his blood glucose to see if he nee ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.