Lecture_8
... haploinsufficiency has been gaining in appreciation as an important influence on human disease ...
... haploinsufficiency has been gaining in appreciation as an important influence on human disease ...
Zygotic Genome Activation During the Maternal-to
... during gastrulation form distinct germ layers that specify the various tissues in the mature organism. Within this framework of embryogenesis, there is extensive variation in the timing and duration of these events among different species. The initial cell cycles of the amphibian Xenopus (35 min), z ...
... during gastrulation form distinct germ layers that specify the various tissues in the mature organism. Within this framework of embryogenesis, there is extensive variation in the timing and duration of these events among different species. The initial cell cycles of the amphibian Xenopus (35 min), z ...
PDF - The Journal of Cell Biology
... change upon cleavage, essential for the activation of Toll (Arnot et al., 2010). This sequence is not conserved in the prodomains of the mammalian NTs nor in DNT1 and 2 (Fig. 2 A). This suggests that the activation mechanism of Toll by Spz is unique and distinct from those of Toll-6 and -7 by DNT2 a ...
... change upon cleavage, essential for the activation of Toll (Arnot et al., 2010). This sequence is not conserved in the prodomains of the mammalian NTs nor in DNT1 and 2 (Fig. 2 A). This suggests that the activation mechanism of Toll by Spz is unique and distinct from those of Toll-6 and -7 by DNT2 a ...
Prevention of DNA Rereplication Through a Meiotic Recombination
... double-strand breaks (DSBs) are generated but not repaired due to absence of DMC1, a pathway involving the checkpoint gene RAD17 prevents this DNA rereplication. Further genetic analysis has now revealed that prevention of DNA rereplication also requires MEC1, which encodes a protein kinase that ser ...
... double-strand breaks (DSBs) are generated but not repaired due to absence of DMC1, a pathway involving the checkpoint gene RAD17 prevents this DNA rereplication. Further genetic analysis has now revealed that prevention of DNA rereplication also requires MEC1, which encodes a protein kinase that ser ...
Full text in pdf format
... ABSTRACT: The occurrence of periplasmic aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase (APase) was studied in a Gram-negative bacterium (designated S8) isolated from the surface waters off the Southern California coast. We tested the hypothesis that processing of polymeric substrates (e.g. protein) by mari ...
... ABSTRACT: The occurrence of periplasmic aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase (APase) was studied in a Gram-negative bacterium (designated S8) isolated from the surface waters off the Southern California coast. We tested the hypothesis that processing of polymeric substrates (e.g. protein) by mari ...
Context-Dependent Synaptic Action of Glycinergic and GABAergic
... lasting -100 msec (upper left). Removal of magnesium (Mg”) increased the size of the synaptic response (upper middle). The response was largely blocked by DNQX (uj~per right). A small residual depolarizing component remained, which was more apparent in response to stronger shocks (lower left). This ...
... lasting -100 msec (upper left). Removal of magnesium (Mg”) increased the size of the synaptic response (upper middle). The response was largely blocked by DNQX (uj~per right). A small residual depolarizing component remained, which was more apparent in response to stronger shocks (lower left). This ...
Role of - Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
... domain of the a2 chain of laminin-2. Native a-DG competitively inhibited the laminin-2–mediated M. leprae binding to primary Schwann cells. Thus, M. leprae may use linkage between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton through laminin-2 and a-DG for its interaction with Schwann cells. Pathogenic ...
... domain of the a2 chain of laminin-2. Native a-DG competitively inhibited the laminin-2–mediated M. leprae binding to primary Schwann cells. Thus, M. leprae may use linkage between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton through laminin-2 and a-DG for its interaction with Schwann cells. Pathogenic ...
Phenotypic and dynamical transitions in model genetic networks
... two different mechanisms may be functioning in intermediate germ-band insects, one for the syncytium and one for the proliferative zone. On the other hand, the transition between these mechanisms needs to be relatively easy, since in many orders different species use different modes of segmentation ...
... two different mechanisms may be functioning in intermediate germ-band insects, one for the syncytium and one for the proliferative zone. On the other hand, the transition between these mechanisms needs to be relatively easy, since in many orders different species use different modes of segmentation ...
Inactivation of Photosystems I and II in Response
... nidulans, and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Fry et al., 1986; Molitor et al., 1986; Jeanjean et al., 1990). Accumulation under high-salt conditions of compatible solutes such as Suc, trehalose, Gly betaine, and glucosylglycerol has often been found in association with tolerance to salt stress in cyano ...
... nidulans, and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Fry et al., 1986; Molitor et al., 1986; Jeanjean et al., 1990). Accumulation under high-salt conditions of compatible solutes such as Suc, trehalose, Gly betaine, and glucosylglycerol has often been found in association with tolerance to salt stress in cyano ...
Powerpoint template for scientific poster
... electrical field. Different types of motile cells have been shown to exhibit galvanotaxis on a time frame of an hour in previous investigations. Amoeba typically migrate towards the negative pole. In contrast, we have video recorded the directional movement of Amoeba proteus on a time frame of minut ...
... electrical field. Different types of motile cells have been shown to exhibit galvanotaxis on a time frame of an hour in previous investigations. Amoeba typically migrate towards the negative pole. In contrast, we have video recorded the directional movement of Amoeba proteus on a time frame of minut ...
Chemical–Biological Studies of Subcellular Organization in Bacteria
... the septum by synthases associated with FtsZ but does not affect the insertion of cell wall precursors along the cylindrical region of cells.17 Evaluation of the Potency and Specificity of Putative FtsZ Inhibitors in Vivo. Several other small molecules have been identified as FtsZ inhibitors; below we ...
... the septum by synthases associated with FtsZ but does not affect the insertion of cell wall precursors along the cylindrical region of cells.17 Evaluation of the Potency and Specificity of Putative FtsZ Inhibitors in Vivo. Several other small molecules have been identified as FtsZ inhibitors; below we ...
The Pore Size of Non-Graminaceous Plant Cell
... Goldbach, 1996; Dell and Huang, 1997; Matoh, 1997). Thus, the structural organization of a B-cross-linked pectin network may be a factor that determines the physical and biochemical properties of the wall (O’Neill et al., 1996; Brown and Hu, 1997). Suspension-cultured Chenopodium album cells grow an ...
... Goldbach, 1996; Dell and Huang, 1997; Matoh, 1997). Thus, the structural organization of a B-cross-linked pectin network may be a factor that determines the physical and biochemical properties of the wall (O’Neill et al., 1996; Brown and Hu, 1997). Suspension-cultured Chenopodium album cells grow an ...
Animal and Plant Cell Culture: An Introduction
... Guidance on suitable practical experiments for assessment purposes is given elsewhere in this document. However, it is envisaged that learners will also participate in a range of other practical experiments which will both develop their laboratory skills and support the theory covered in Outcomes 1 ...
... Guidance on suitable practical experiments for assessment purposes is given elsewhere in this document. However, it is envisaged that learners will also participate in a range of other practical experiments which will both develop their laboratory skills and support the theory covered in Outcomes 1 ...
Document
... Under anaerobic conditions, proteorhodopsin alters pmf to power the flagellar motor and increase cell viability via light-based proton pumping. ...
... Under anaerobic conditions, proteorhodopsin alters pmf to power the flagellar motor and increase cell viability via light-based proton pumping. ...
PDF
... cytotoxicity test (Tissot and Cohen 1972), using lymphocytes and isolated bone cells from BN rats as target cells. ...
... cytotoxicity test (Tissot and Cohen 1972), using lymphocytes and isolated bone cells from BN rats as target cells. ...
Progressive induction of caudal neural character by graded Wnt
... of tissues that possess PMC activity5. In addition, from late stage 4 onwards, caudal neural plate cells themselves transiently expressed Wnt8c (Fig. 1f and ref. 14). Wnt3A induces Wnt expression As both Wnt8c and Wnt11 were expressed in the caudal paraxial mesoderm underlying prospective caudal neu ...
... of tissues that possess PMC activity5. In addition, from late stage 4 onwards, caudal neural plate cells themselves transiently expressed Wnt8c (Fig. 1f and ref. 14). Wnt3A induces Wnt expression As both Wnt8c and Wnt11 were expressed in the caudal paraxial mesoderm underlying prospective caudal neu ...
Increased Expression of Cytoskeletal, Linkage, and Extracellular
... impedes sarcomere motion and contributes to decreased ventricular compliance. We tested the hypothesis that these changes are present in the failing human heart and that an entire complex of structural components, including cytoskeletal, linkage, and extracellular proteins, are involved in causing f ...
... impedes sarcomere motion and contributes to decreased ventricular compliance. We tested the hypothesis that these changes are present in the failing human heart and that an entire complex of structural components, including cytoskeletal, linkage, and extracellular proteins, are involved in causing f ...
... During the screening of lytic bacteria, plaques were obtained on Microcystis lawns. In the plaques, at least five distinct morphotypes of bacteria were found. The plumb rod-shaped bacilli were the most abundant and were found aggregated around unhealthy Microcystis cells and were the probable cause ...
Biosynthesis and properties of the plant cell wall Wolf
... in α-1,2-linkage. The gene that encodes xyloglucan fucosyltransferase from Arabidopsis (AtFUT1) was cloned in 1999 [41] and found to be a member of a multi-gene family that has ten members [42]. AtFUT1 is expressed at similar levels in all plant organs, whereas the other putative fucosyltransferases ...
... in α-1,2-linkage. The gene that encodes xyloglucan fucosyltransferase from Arabidopsis (AtFUT1) was cloned in 1999 [41] and found to be a member of a multi-gene family that has ten members [42]. AtFUT1 is expressed at similar levels in all plant organs, whereas the other putative fucosyltransferases ...
Review Recycling the Cell Cycle: Cyclins Revisited
... that activated rather than inhibited protein kinases. Initially discovered as a pair of cyclins, A and B (Evans et al., 1983), which associated with a single kinase subunit, Cdk1 (also known as Cdc2 and Cdc28), the family has expanded to contain multiple cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases involved ...
... that activated rather than inhibited protein kinases. Initially discovered as a pair of cyclins, A and B (Evans et al., 1983), which associated with a single kinase subunit, Cdk1 (also known as Cdc2 and Cdc28), the family has expanded to contain multiple cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases involved ...
Defining the essential functional regions of the nucleoporin Nup145p
... Blobel, 1993) and on calculations from their total size, it is estimated that the NPCs may contain as many as a hundred different proteins (called nucleoporins or NUPs). In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genetic and biochemical strategies ...
... Blobel, 1993) and on calculations from their total size, it is estimated that the NPCs may contain as many as a hundred different proteins (called nucleoporins or NUPs). In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genetic and biochemical strategies ...
effects of cholesterol on lipid organization in human
... equals the surface area of the additional cholesterol molecules (39 A 2/molecule), assuming a constant surface area for~the existing lipid and protein molecules (3, 4) . At low C/P ratios (<0.5), this simple relation between the surface area and cholesterol molecules does not hold, possibly because ...
... equals the surface area of the additional cholesterol molecules (39 A 2/molecule), assuming a constant surface area for~the existing lipid and protein molecules (3, 4) . At low C/P ratios (<0.5), this simple relation between the surface area and cholesterol molecules does not hold, possibly because ...
New type of snRNP containing nuclear bodies in plant cells
... to amphibian oocyte snurposomes. The occurrence in plant cells, beside widely known coiled bodies (CBs), also of other nuclear bodies related to splicing proves that in plants similarly as for animals the differentiation among domains containing elements of the splicing system occurs. © 2003 Édition ...
... to amphibian oocyte snurposomes. The occurrence in plant cells, beside widely known coiled bodies (CBs), also of other nuclear bodies related to splicing proves that in plants similarly as for animals the differentiation among domains containing elements of the splicing system occurs. © 2003 Édition ...
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response
... cells (VSMCs) that proliferate and migrate from the tunica media, and the progression of IH contributes to the development of stenotic lesions.8-10 VSMCs change their phenotype from a quiescent contractile state to a synthetic motile state and migrate from the medial layer into the intimal layer11-1 ...
... cells (VSMCs) that proliferate and migrate from the tunica media, and the progression of IH contributes to the development of stenotic lesions.8-10 VSMCs change their phenotype from a quiescent contractile state to a synthetic motile state and migrate from the medial layer into the intimal layer11-1 ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.