New type of snRNP containing nuclear bodies in plant cells
... to amphibian oocyte snurposomes. The occurrence in plant cells, beside widely known coiled bodies (CBs), also of other nuclear bodies related to splicing proves that in plants similarly as for animals the differentiation among domains containing elements of the splicing system occurs. © 2003 Édition ...
... to amphibian oocyte snurposomes. The occurrence in plant cells, beside widely known coiled bodies (CBs), also of other nuclear bodies related to splicing proves that in plants similarly as for animals the differentiation among domains containing elements of the splicing system occurs. © 2003 Édition ...
Cephalostatin 1 Selectively Triggers the Release
... pathway; intrinsic pathway) activates downstream caspases, such as caspase-3, the activation of which results in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. A current view of drug-induced apoptosis emphasizes the role of different cell organelles [e.g., mitochondria, cytoskeleton, nucleus, plasma membrane, lys ...
... pathway; intrinsic pathway) activates downstream caspases, such as caspase-3, the activation of which results in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. A current view of drug-induced apoptosis emphasizes the role of different cell organelles [e.g., mitochondria, cytoskeleton, nucleus, plasma membrane, lys ...
File
... • Complement is a group of serum proteins – activated in an orderly fashion from inactive forms. This leads to “spin-off” peptides that have biological activity. • Three main activation pathways and one terminal pathway that leads to the formation of the MAC. • Complement activation is highly regula ...
... • Complement is a group of serum proteins – activated in an orderly fashion from inactive forms. This leads to “spin-off” peptides that have biological activity. • Three main activation pathways and one terminal pathway that leads to the formation of the MAC. • Complement activation is highly regula ...
Plasma Membrane Permeability of Root
... 5% (data not shown); more than 95% of the protoplasm was removed from the cell wall materials. The correlation coefficients between Al tolerance and CEC of root-tip or of cell wall from root-tip among the four species was 0.011 and 0.109, respectively, and each correlation was non-significant. Chang ...
... 5% (data not shown); more than 95% of the protoplasm was removed from the cell wall materials. The correlation coefficients between Al tolerance and CEC of root-tip or of cell wall from root-tip among the four species was 0.011 and 0.109, respectively, and each correlation was non-significant. Chang ...
The Vacuolar Proton-Cation Exchanger EcNHX1
... wall-localized proteins, and other defense constituents (Tsunezuka et al., 2005; Truman et al., 2007). This complexity is based on widely ramified signal cascades that use ubiquitous intermediates such as jasmonates (Blechert et al., 1995; Memelink et al., 2001), calcium ions, and salicylates and are ...
... wall-localized proteins, and other defense constituents (Tsunezuka et al., 2005; Truman et al., 2007). This complexity is based on widely ramified signal cascades that use ubiquitous intermediates such as jasmonates (Blechert et al., 1995; Memelink et al., 2001), calcium ions, and salicylates and are ...
Most Human Proteins Made in Both Nucleus and Cytoplasm Turn
... some translation occurs in nuclei [5]; however, we use shorter pulses and unpermeabilized cells. Cells are first treated with cycoheximide to ‘freeze’ ribosomes, and then incubated with puromycin – a structural mimic of aminoacyl-tRNA which is incorporated into the C-termini of nascent peptides; fin ...
... some translation occurs in nuclei [5]; however, we use shorter pulses and unpermeabilized cells. Cells are first treated with cycoheximide to ‘freeze’ ribosomes, and then incubated with puromycin – a structural mimic of aminoacyl-tRNA which is incorporated into the C-termini of nascent peptides; fin ...
Calcium: a regulation system emerges in plant cells
... In dark-grown carrot cells the enzyme appears to contain its own calcium-binding protein (Graziana, Dillenschneider & Ranjeva, 1984). The 'light' form of the enzyme is activated by a protein kinase and is ...
... In dark-grown carrot cells the enzyme appears to contain its own calcium-binding protein (Graziana, Dillenschneider & Ranjeva, 1984). The 'light' form of the enzyme is activated by a protein kinase and is ...
Glial cell regulation of neuronal activity and blood flow in the retina
... Glial cells have traditionally been viewed as passive elements in the central nervous system (CNS), providing structural and metabolic support for neurons but not actively interacting with other CNS cells or influencing neural activity. During the past three decades, however, it has become clear tha ...
... Glial cells have traditionally been viewed as passive elements in the central nervous system (CNS), providing structural and metabolic support for neurons but not actively interacting with other CNS cells or influencing neural activity. During the past three decades, however, it has become clear tha ...
Reduced Immunoregulatory CD31 T Cells in Patients With
... CD4ⴙ/CD31ⴙ T Cells Monocytes were enriched by negative magnetic selection (Dynal Biotech) from the peripheral blood of 3 healthy donors and cultured at 5⫻104 cells per well for 6 days in RPMI 1640 (10% fetal calf ...
... CD4ⴙ/CD31ⴙ T Cells Monocytes were enriched by negative magnetic selection (Dynal Biotech) from the peripheral blood of 3 healthy donors and cultured at 5⫻104 cells per well for 6 days in RPMI 1640 (10% fetal calf ...
Selective protein degradation: a rheostat to
... Arabidopsis, hereafter called KRP1–7) (Torres Acosta et al., 2011), and the SIAMESE-RELATED (SMRs), named after their founding member SIAMESE (Churchman et al., 2006; Peres et al., 2007). Both classes of plant CKIs show very restricted similarities with the mammalian Kip/Cip proteins. At the functi ...
... Arabidopsis, hereafter called KRP1–7) (Torres Acosta et al., 2011), and the SIAMESE-RELATED (SMRs), named after their founding member SIAMESE (Churchman et al., 2006; Peres et al., 2007). Both classes of plant CKIs show very restricted similarities with the mammalian Kip/Cip proteins. At the functi ...
Coupled elasticity–diffusion model for the effects of cytoskeleton
... elasticity– diffusion model was adopted to elucidate this interesting biological phenomenon by considering the effects of elastic deformations of cytoskeleton and membrane, ligand –receptor binding and receptor diffusion. The mechanism by which the binding energy drives the CNPs with different orien ...
... elasticity– diffusion model was adopted to elucidate this interesting biological phenomenon by considering the effects of elastic deformations of cytoskeleton and membrane, ligand –receptor binding and receptor diffusion. The mechanism by which the binding energy drives the CNPs with different orien ...
2015 Biology Pacing Guide
... hydrogen bonding, adhesion, cohesion, and expansion upon freezing). (DOK 2) c. Classify solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral and relate the significance of the pH scale to an organism’s survival (e.g., consequences of having different concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions). (DOK 2) d. Comp ...
... hydrogen bonding, adhesion, cohesion, and expansion upon freezing). (DOK 2) c. Classify solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral and relate the significance of the pH scale to an organism’s survival (e.g., consequences of having different concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions). (DOK 2) d. Comp ...
Although ABA is mainly made in the leaves and the root cap, all
... microinjected cADPR induced ABA-inducible gene expression that can be abolished by EGTA treatment (Wu et al., 1997). IP3 involvement was also implicated by the observation that AtPLC1 (phospholipase C) gene is ABA-inducible (Hirayama et al., 1995). IP3 was shown to cause cytosolic Ca2+ increase and ...
... microinjected cADPR induced ABA-inducible gene expression that can be abolished by EGTA treatment (Wu et al., 1997). IP3 involvement was also implicated by the observation that AtPLC1 (phospholipase C) gene is ABA-inducible (Hirayama et al., 1995). IP3 was shown to cause cytosolic Ca2+ increase and ...
rapid communication - AJP
... 2001.—Mice lacking the 80-kDa CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) develop progressive renal failure that starts soon after birth with proteinuria and foot process effacement by unknown mechanisms. CD2AP has been identified and cloned independently by virtue of its interaction with the T cell protein CD2 ...
... 2001.—Mice lacking the 80-kDa CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) develop progressive renal failure that starts soon after birth with proteinuria and foot process effacement by unknown mechanisms. CD2AP has been identified and cloned independently by virtue of its interaction with the T cell protein CD2 ...
Inhibition of TCR Signaling by Herpes Simplex Virus
... hen T lymphocytes are triggered through the TCR, they elicit powerful immune responses that include production of cytokines and destruction of cells infected with intracellular pathogens. The cytotoxic capacity of T cells is a critical host defense mechanism against most viral infections, including ...
... hen T lymphocytes are triggered through the TCR, they elicit powerful immune responses that include production of cytokines and destruction of cells infected with intracellular pathogens. The cytotoxic capacity of T cells is a critical host defense mechanism against most viral infections, including ...
Androgens Down-Regulate bcl-2 Protooncogene Expression in ZR
... conditions in vitro (11–19) as well as in vivo in nude mice (20). Other in vitro studies have shown that androgens can regulate the secretion of glycoproteins such as GCDFP-15 (12) and apolipoprotein D (18) as well as the expression of the estrogen receptor (13), but little is known regarding the me ...
... conditions in vitro (11–19) as well as in vivo in nude mice (20). Other in vitro studies have shown that androgens can regulate the secretion of glycoproteins such as GCDFP-15 (12) and apolipoprotein D (18) as well as the expression of the estrogen receptor (13), but little is known regarding the me ...
Compartmentalisation of Rho regulators directs cell
... regulators during tissue morphogenesis is suggested from studies on cell shape changes occurring during gastrulation and neurulation. In Drosophila gastrulation, a secreted factor Folded gastrulation (Costa et al., 1994) initiates a signal through interaction with a G proteincoupled receptor (still ...
... regulators during tissue morphogenesis is suggested from studies on cell shape changes occurring during gastrulation and neurulation. In Drosophila gastrulation, a secreted factor Folded gastrulation (Costa et al., 1994) initiates a signal through interaction with a G proteincoupled receptor (still ...
Boundary Representation Deformation in Parametric Solid Modeling
... assume that the boundary of a solid S is represented by an embedded complex K (the b-rep of S). Many different cell complexes have been used for boundary representations, including simplicial, polyhedral, and CW (with cells homeomorphic to disks). Our discussion, definitions, and results are not aff ...
... assume that the boundary of a solid S is represented by an embedded complex K (the b-rep of S). Many different cell complexes have been used for boundary representations, including simplicial, polyhedral, and CW (with cells homeomorphic to disks). Our discussion, definitions, and results are not aff ...
Salt-Induced Remodeling of Spatially Restricted
... these lipid probes is in fact sensitive to NAA. This observation is corroborated by VAEM imaging, which showed a dramatic 50% reduction in the number of foci that contained both CLC-GFP and mCherry-GPI in the presence of NAA. By contrast, the occurrence of mCherry-GPI foci that are independent of cl ...
... these lipid probes is in fact sensitive to NAA. This observation is corroborated by VAEM imaging, which showed a dramatic 50% reduction in the number of foci that contained both CLC-GFP and mCherry-GPI in the presence of NAA. By contrast, the occurrence of mCherry-GPI foci that are independent of cl ...
F. Lateral or Branch Roots
... b. Mucilage provides favorable habitat for beneficial bacteria; this external root region is called the rhizosphere 3. No equivalent structure in stems 4. Root cap cells being constantly lost and replaced 5. Perception of gravity takes place in root cap cells • amyloplasts relocate in cell when root ...
... b. Mucilage provides favorable habitat for beneficial bacteria; this external root region is called the rhizosphere 3. No equivalent structure in stems 4. Root cap cells being constantly lost and replaced 5. Perception of gravity takes place in root cap cells • amyloplasts relocate in cell when root ...
Chromatin Regulators and Transcriptional Control of Drosophila
... the transcription machinery is an important mean for regulating gene expression. Histones contribute to the function of chromatin through at least three principles: First, chromatin-remodeling factors, such as the SWI/SNF complexes alter the position or properties of the nucleosomes by affecting the ...
... the transcription machinery is an important mean for regulating gene expression. Histones contribute to the function of chromatin through at least three principles: First, chromatin-remodeling factors, such as the SWI/SNF complexes alter the position or properties of the nucleosomes by affecting the ...
Tumor Heterogeneity - Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
... cells usually remain contiguous in solid tumors, sublines tend to be localized regionally or zoned (20, 31, 76). There might seem to be overwhelming evidence for tumor heterogeneity. It is important to recognize, however, that much of the evidence is similar in kind. In the first place, cultured, tu ...
... cells usually remain contiguous in solid tumors, sublines tend to be localized regionally or zoned (20, 31, 76). There might seem to be overwhelming evidence for tumor heterogeneity. It is important to recognize, however, that much of the evidence is similar in kind. In the first place, cultured, tu ...
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... 15. Why is the interior of the plasma membrane potentially impermeable to water-soluble molecules? a. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid molecules are found there. b. The hydrophilic tails of the phospholipid molecules are found there. c. The ion channels are found there. d. The cholesterol m ...
... 15. Why is the interior of the plasma membrane potentially impermeable to water-soluble molecules? a. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid molecules are found there. b. The hydrophilic tails of the phospholipid molecules are found there. c. The ion channels are found there. d. The cholesterol m ...
Neural bHLH Genes Control the Neuronal versus Glial Fate
... double-mutant progenitors failed to adopt a neuronal fate, instead remaining pluripotent or entering an astrocytic differentiation pathway. Together, these results demonstrate that proneural genes are involved in lineage restriction of cortical progenitors, promoting the acquisition of the neuronal ...
... double-mutant progenitors failed to adopt a neuronal fate, instead remaining pluripotent or entering an astrocytic differentiation pathway. Together, these results demonstrate that proneural genes are involved in lineage restriction of cortical progenitors, promoting the acquisition of the neuronal ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.