Chapter_01
... membrane-bound cavities in the cytoplasm of the cell ER function: Transports substances in the cytoplasm Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex are critical for post-translational modifications that help sort, condense, package, and deliver proteins arriving from the ER. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an impr ...
... membrane-bound cavities in the cytoplasm of the cell ER function: Transports substances in the cytoplasm Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex are critical for post-translational modifications that help sort, condense, package, and deliver proteins arriving from the ER. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an impr ...
during T Lymphocyte Activation Coordinately Regulated by ERK
... The assay for glutaminase activity was adapted from Graham and Aprison (22) and Ardawi and Newsholme (23). Resting or stimulated T cells were lysed by sonication in 150 mM potassium phosphate buffer (an equimolar mixture of K2HPO4 and KH2PO4), 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.6), 1 mM EDTA, and 1% Triton X-100 ...
... The assay for glutaminase activity was adapted from Graham and Aprison (22) and Ardawi and Newsholme (23). Resting or stimulated T cells were lysed by sonication in 150 mM potassium phosphate buffer (an equimolar mixture of K2HPO4 and KH2PO4), 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.6), 1 mM EDTA, and 1% Triton X-100 ...
K-ras modulates the cell cycle via both positive and negative
... phase but BrdU-positive. This sub-population of cells was not evident in M2TK4 cells growing in the presence of Tet. One possible explanation for this observation is that the BrdU-positive G1 cells were those that were in very late S-phase and were about to enter G2/M, that had progressed through G2 ...
... phase but BrdU-positive. This sub-population of cells was not evident in M2TK4 cells growing in the presence of Tet. One possible explanation for this observation is that the BrdU-positive G1 cells were those that were in very late S-phase and were about to enter G2/M, that had progressed through G2 ...
Toll/Imd pathways link to insects cellular immune response via
... Insects utilize innate immune response exclusively which are divided into humoral and cellular reaction. Humoral immunity contains antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) systhesis and plasma melanization by phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Cellular immunity contains phagocytosis, nodule formation and encapsulati ...
... Insects utilize innate immune response exclusively which are divided into humoral and cellular reaction. Humoral immunity contains antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) systhesis and plasma melanization by phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Cellular immunity contains phagocytosis, nodule formation and encapsulati ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... the chemical cues and those resulting from the topographical ones. More specifically, the substrates used, i.e. plasma clots, fish scales, and various grooved surfaces, were anisotropic not only in shape but also in chemistry [12]. Accordingly, there was a need to carefully study the effect of topog ...
... the chemical cues and those resulting from the topographical ones. More specifically, the substrates used, i.e. plasma clots, fish scales, and various grooved surfaces, were anisotropic not only in shape but also in chemistry [12]. Accordingly, there was a need to carefully study the effect of topog ...
Materials and methods - HAL
... Cell penetration of a large protein such as streptavidine indicates that MCa can be used as a vector for the cell penetration of cell impermeable compounds. This raises considerable technological interest in the peptide. Considering its characteristics, it makes no doubt that it now belongs to the s ...
... Cell penetration of a large protein such as streptavidine indicates that MCa can be used as a vector for the cell penetration of cell impermeable compounds. This raises considerable technological interest in the peptide. Considering its characteristics, it makes no doubt that it now belongs to the s ...
Chromatin organization and global regulation of Hox gene clusters
... Figure 1. Collinearity during trunk extension and chromatin dynamics at Hox clusters. Expression of Hox gene along the anterior-to-posterior (AP) embryonic axis is collinear with gene order within the cluster. (a) During axial extension, the sequential onset of Hox gene transcriptional activation is ...
... Figure 1. Collinearity during trunk extension and chromatin dynamics at Hox clusters. Expression of Hox gene along the anterior-to-posterior (AP) embryonic axis is collinear with gene order within the cluster. (a) During axial extension, the sequential onset of Hox gene transcriptional activation is ...
An EMMPRIN–c-catenin–Nm23 complex drives ATP production and
... characterized in relation to tumorigenesis and inflammation (Muramatsu and Miyauchi, 2003). EMMPRIN can also contribute to angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, in several ways: (1) by endothelial cell activation when present on tumor-derived microvesicles (Millimaggi et al., 2007), (2) by reg ...
... characterized in relation to tumorigenesis and inflammation (Muramatsu and Miyauchi, 2003). EMMPRIN can also contribute to angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, in several ways: (1) by endothelial cell activation when present on tumor-derived microvesicles (Millimaggi et al., 2007), (2) by reg ...
Transport of intravenously-injected ferritin across the guinea
... types, but never in B cells. Light microscope studies (Consden, Doble, Glynn, and Nind, 1971; Chamberlain, unpublished) indicate that a similar situation exists when carbon is injected intra-articularly. It persists deep in the synovium for at least 6 weeks. Entry into the synovial cell may also occ ...
... types, but never in B cells. Light microscope studies (Consden, Doble, Glynn, and Nind, 1971; Chamberlain, unpublished) indicate that a similar situation exists when carbon is injected intra-articularly. It persists deep in the synovium for at least 6 weeks. Entry into the synovial cell may also occ ...
Atrophic Vaginitis
... of collagen, elasticity, and muscle tone. Thinning of the urogenital epithelium or atrophism leads to various symptoms associated with atrophic vaginitis including dyspareunia and pruritus. E. Similar tissue changes may also occur in the urinary tract contributing to dysuria, incontinence, urinary f ...
... of collagen, elasticity, and muscle tone. Thinning of the urogenital epithelium or atrophism leads to various symptoms associated with atrophic vaginitis including dyspareunia and pruritus. E. Similar tissue changes may also occur in the urinary tract contributing to dysuria, incontinence, urinary f ...
Dynamic in vivo interactions among Myc network members
... distinct roles for the encoded proteins in tissue-speci®c negative control of cellular proliferation (Foley et al., 1998; Schreiber-Agus et al., 1998). Despite the well-described interactions of Myc network proteins, little is known about their distribution within the nucleus, or how they seek out o ...
... distinct roles for the encoded proteins in tissue-speci®c negative control of cellular proliferation (Foley et al., 1998; Schreiber-Agus et al., 1998). Despite the well-described interactions of Myc network proteins, little is known about their distribution within the nucleus, or how they seek out o ...
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) Is an Acute-Phase
... biochemical changes that accompany infection, trauma, or immunologically mediated inflammation. The acute-phase proteins (APP),1 considered to be the hallmark of the acute-phase response, include a variety of secreted proteins the levels of which are modified during inflammatory conditions (1). Thes ...
... biochemical changes that accompany infection, trauma, or immunologically mediated inflammation. The acute-phase proteins (APP),1 considered to be the hallmark of the acute-phase response, include a variety of secreted proteins the levels of which are modified during inflammatory conditions (1). Thes ...
GATA-2 functions downstream of BMPs and CaM KIV in ectodermal
... progenitors, called EryP-CFC, which give rise to large primitive erythroid cells expressing embryonic and adult globin (Palis et al., 1999; Wong et al., 1986). In contrast, burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) progenitors give rise to small, definitive red b ...
... progenitors, called EryP-CFC, which give rise to large primitive erythroid cells expressing embryonic and adult globin (Palis et al., 1999; Wong et al., 1986). In contrast, burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) progenitors give rise to small, definitive red b ...
Non-equilibration of hydrostatic pressure in blebbing cells Guillaume T. Charras
... driven by local regulation of actin biochemistry1–3. In plants and fungi, protrusion is driven primarily by hydrostatic pressure4–6. For hydrostatic pressure to drive localized protrusion in animal cells7,8, it would have to be locally regulated, but current models treating cytoplasm as an incompres ...
... driven by local regulation of actin biochemistry1–3. In plants and fungi, protrusion is driven primarily by hydrostatic pressure4–6. For hydrostatic pressure to drive localized protrusion in animal cells7,8, it would have to be locally regulated, but current models treating cytoplasm as an incompres ...
IN VITRO BARK EXTRACTS
... Trichophyton rubrum) [18]. The most susceptible bacterial and fungal strains were Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum, for methanolic of roots showed MIC value of 0.078mg/ml and 0.156 mg/ml respectively. Our results were congruent with the results of others. Anticancer activity MTT is cons ...
... Trichophyton rubrum) [18]. The most susceptible bacterial and fungal strains were Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum, for methanolic of roots showed MIC value of 0.078mg/ml and 0.156 mg/ml respectively. Our results were congruent with the results of others. Anticancer activity MTT is cons ...
Sos recruitment system for the analysis of the
... increased serum immunoglobulin E and asthma. In this study, we designed 2 plasmids, pSoswhIL-13 and pSos-mhIL-13 (Arg130Gln), and examined whether they interacted with SUMF2. The National Center for Biotechnology Information identifies 5 SUMF2 subtypes: SUMF2 variant 2, SUMF2 variant 3, SUMF2 varian ...
... increased serum immunoglobulin E and asthma. In this study, we designed 2 plasmids, pSoswhIL-13 and pSos-mhIL-13 (Arg130Gln), and examined whether they interacted with SUMF2. The National Center for Biotechnology Information identifies 5 SUMF2 subtypes: SUMF2 variant 2, SUMF2 variant 3, SUMF2 varian ...
microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina1
... contacts from the AI1 amacrine cell. Axons of four types of cone bipolar cells terminated in sublamina a of the inner plexiform layer and contacted dendrites of off-p and other ganglion cells. One of these cone bipolar cell types, CBal, made reciprocal chemical contacts with the lobular appendage of ...
... contacts from the AI1 amacrine cell. Axons of four types of cone bipolar cells terminated in sublamina a of the inner plexiform layer and contacted dendrites of off-p and other ganglion cells. One of these cone bipolar cell types, CBal, made reciprocal chemical contacts with the lobular appendage of ...
Genetically Encoded Spy Peptide Fusion System to
... 181 amino acids (Gronemeyer et al., 2006; Juillerat et al., 2003; Keppler et al., 2003); CLIP-tag, 181 amino acids (Gautier et al., 2008); or Halo-tag, 295 amino acids (Los et al., 2008). The large size of these tags presents the risk that the assay system itself disturbs the natural compartmentaliz ...
... 181 amino acids (Gronemeyer et al., 2006; Juillerat et al., 2003; Keppler et al., 2003); CLIP-tag, 181 amino acids (Gautier et al., 2008); or Halo-tag, 295 amino acids (Los et al., 2008). The large size of these tags presents the risk that the assay system itself disturbs the natural compartmentaliz ...
CiC3-1a-Mediated Chemotaxis in the Deuterostome Invertebrate
... receptor molecule mediating the chemotactic effect is Gi protein coupled. Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-rCiC3-1aspecific Ab and in situ hybridization experiments with a riboprobe corresponding to the 3ⴕ-terminal sequence of CiC3-1, performed on tunic sections of LPS-injected animals, showed ...
... receptor molecule mediating the chemotactic effect is Gi protein coupled. Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-rCiC3-1aspecific Ab and in situ hybridization experiments with a riboprobe corresponding to the 3ⴕ-terminal sequence of CiC3-1, performed on tunic sections of LPS-injected animals, showed ...
The membrane form of the DNA repair protein Ku interacts at the cell
... tumor cells (Prabhakar et al, 1990; Dalziel et al, 1992; Ginis et al, 1995; Ginis and Faller, 2000; Lynch et al, 2001). Furthermore, the localization of Ku in membrane lipid rafts of mammalian cells has been recently shown (Lucero et al, 2003). The expression of Ku outside of the nucleus highly sugg ...
... tumor cells (Prabhakar et al, 1990; Dalziel et al, 1992; Ginis et al, 1995; Ginis and Faller, 2000; Lynch et al, 2001). Furthermore, the localization of Ku in membrane lipid rafts of mammalian cells has been recently shown (Lucero et al, 2003). The expression of Ku outside of the nucleus highly sugg ...
A tour of the cell - The Open University
... Large particles suspended in liquid will eventually settle out under the influence of the Earth's gravitational field (the strength of this force is denoted g). Small particles, however, will usually separate extremely slowly (or not at all) unless subjected to a much greater force than gravity. Thi ...
... Large particles suspended in liquid will eventually settle out under the influence of the Earth's gravitational field (the strength of this force is denoted g). Small particles, however, will usually separate extremely slowly (or not at all) unless subjected to a much greater force than gravity. Thi ...
Structure and Nanostructure of the Outer Tangential Epidermal Cell
... alised in a cell wall structural scheme. Using fine structure as a criterion, different authors have reported six basic morphological epidermal cell wall types (Holloway, 1982). In general, the following layers have been described from outer to inner: (1) epicuticular waxes (amorphous layer, crystal ...
... alised in a cell wall structural scheme. Using fine structure as a criterion, different authors have reported six basic morphological epidermal cell wall types (Holloway, 1982). In general, the following layers have been described from outer to inner: (1) epicuticular waxes (amorphous layer, crystal ...
Liver development
... of gestation (e8.0) indicate that the embryonic liver originates from the ventral foregut endoderm (Tremblay and Zaret, 2005). The first morphological sign of the embryonic liver is the formation of the hepatic diverticulum, an out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the devel ...
... of gestation (e8.0) indicate that the embryonic liver originates from the ventral foregut endoderm (Tremblay and Zaret, 2005). The first morphological sign of the embryonic liver is the formation of the hepatic diverticulum, an out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the devel ...
Drug development in oncology assisted by - HAL
... injection of TS/A-pc-pGL3 cells). Bioluminescence imaging was used to visualize scattered metastasis in the peritoneal cavity. Three hours after intravenous injection of RAFTRGDAlexa700, the binding on the tumor nodules was confirmed by 2D-FRI. This was more precisely evaluated using the fDOT system ...
... injection of TS/A-pc-pGL3 cells). Bioluminescence imaging was used to visualize scattered metastasis in the peritoneal cavity. Three hours after intravenous injection of RAFTRGDAlexa700, the binding on the tumor nodules was confirmed by 2D-FRI. This was more precisely evaluated using the fDOT system ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.