Localization of Green Fluorescent Protein Fusions
... confirmed BP-80 TMD/CT contained information necessary for efficient progress to the PVC in tobacco cells (daSilva et al., 2006). Because the TMD/CT regions among various BP-80 homologs (VSR proteins) are highly conserved (Hadlington and Denecke, 2000; Paris and Neuhaus, 2002; Neuhaus and Paris, 200 ...
... confirmed BP-80 TMD/CT contained information necessary for efficient progress to the PVC in tobacco cells (daSilva et al., 2006). Because the TMD/CT regions among various BP-80 homologs (VSR proteins) are highly conserved (Hadlington and Denecke, 2000; Paris and Neuhaus, 2002; Neuhaus and Paris, 200 ...
Mechanics and Modeling of Plant Cell Growth
... Plant development is the result of three essential processes: cell expansive growth, cell division, and cellular differentiation. All three processes have key mechanical aspects that have prompted numerous attempts to generate theoretical, mechanical, and biophysical models. In the present review we ...
... Plant development is the result of three essential processes: cell expansive growth, cell division, and cellular differentiation. All three processes have key mechanical aspects that have prompted numerous attempts to generate theoretical, mechanical, and biophysical models. In the present review we ...
Sludge Quality and Microscopic Examination
... • Denitrification is small nitrogen gas bubbles forming after settling, attaching to the sludge and causing solids to rise. • Denitrification can be due to higher organic loading, limited oxygen in aeration, step feeding and in general not stabilizing an active biology before settling – not settling ...
... • Denitrification is small nitrogen gas bubbles forming after settling, attaching to the sludge and causing solids to rise. • Denitrification can be due to higher organic loading, limited oxygen in aeration, step feeding and in general not stabilizing an active biology before settling – not settling ...
Multiple Exocytotic Markers Accumulate at the Sites of Perifungal
... inside the PPA In order to assist the reader in interpreting our images, two pictures of PPAs where the ER is labeled by GFP–HDEL (Genre et al. 2005, Genre et al. 2008) are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1. Beside being interpreted as a putative marker of exocytotic activity since it was first obse ...
... inside the PPA In order to assist the reader in interpreting our images, two pictures of PPAs where the ER is labeled by GFP–HDEL (Genre et al. 2005, Genre et al. 2008) are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1. Beside being interpreted as a putative marker of exocytotic activity since it was first obse ...
Prostaglandins as modulators of immunity
... The effects of PGE2 on the apoptosis of T cells are dependent on the maturation and activation state of the cell. PGE2 induces CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes to undergo apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo [16]. In resting mature T cells, PGE2 induces apoptosis also, which is associated with an ...
... The effects of PGE2 on the apoptosis of T cells are dependent on the maturation and activation state of the cell. PGE2 induces CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes to undergo apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo [16]. In resting mature T cells, PGE2 induces apoptosis also, which is associated with an ...
ESCRT requirements for EIAV budding | SpringerLink
... express a large number of isoforms of the different classes of ESCRT factors, including at least 12 distinct subunits of the ESCRT-III family. Adding to this complexity is the fact that the Gag proteins from many retroviruses contain multiple late assembly domains that can bind and recruit different ...
... express a large number of isoforms of the different classes of ESCRT factors, including at least 12 distinct subunits of the ESCRT-III family. Adding to this complexity is the fact that the Gag proteins from many retroviruses contain multiple late assembly domains that can bind and recruit different ...
Selection and the Origin of Cells
... complexity. The red vertical arrows represent spontaneous events (which are roughly equivalent to mutations) that increase complexity. The purple diagonal arrows represent progressive evolution by selection. The blow-up of a portion of a purple line clarifies that progressive selection should proper ...
... complexity. The red vertical arrows represent spontaneous events (which are roughly equivalent to mutations) that increase complexity. The purple diagonal arrows represent progressive evolution by selection. The blow-up of a portion of a purple line clarifies that progressive selection should proper ...
Gastrulation: Making and Shaping Germ Layers
... endodermal cells ( yellow) during gastrulation. (b,c) Drosophila melanogaster. A cross section is shown of the embryo at the onset of gastrulation, with the prospective mesoderm (orange) in the ventral region (b). Upon apical constriction, the prospective mesodermal cells acquire a bottle shape, res ...
... endodermal cells ( yellow) during gastrulation. (b,c) Drosophila melanogaster. A cross section is shown of the embryo at the onset of gastrulation, with the prospective mesoderm (orange) in the ventral region (b). Upon apical constriction, the prospective mesodermal cells acquire a bottle shape, res ...
AtSpc98p and plant microtubule nucleation
... To generate rabbit polyclonal antibodies against plant γ-tubulin, two peptides were selected. The first was a maize peptide EDFATQGGDRKDVFFYQ, (p1), which is conserved in eukaryotes (Joshi et al., 1992), and the second, CESPDYIKWGMEDP, (p2), is a plant-specific sequence from the C-terminus. Antibody ...
... To generate rabbit polyclonal antibodies against plant γ-tubulin, two peptides were selected. The first was a maize peptide EDFATQGGDRKDVFFYQ, (p1), which is conserved in eukaryotes (Joshi et al., 1992), and the second, CESPDYIKWGMEDP, (p2), is a plant-specific sequence from the C-terminus. Antibody ...
Transcripts of the npm-alk fusion gene in anaplastic large cell
... with the application of modem analytical techniques including immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular analysis of T- and B-cell antigen receptor gene rearrangements. However, ALCL can still be confused with HD due to the presence of cells resembling Reed-Stemberg cells and an overla ...
... with the application of modem analytical techniques including immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular analysis of T- and B-cell antigen receptor gene rearrangements. However, ALCL can still be confused with HD due to the presence of cells resembling Reed-Stemberg cells and an overla ...
Document
... haploinsufficiency has been gaining in appreciation as an important influence on human disease ...
... haploinsufficiency has been gaining in appreciation as an important influence on human disease ...
The water of life: osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
Fate of primitive streak cells
... populations that may have been established in the epiblast of the peri-implantation embryo would have been lost during the extensive intermingling of cells in the epiblast before and during gastrulation (Gardner and Cockroft, 1998; Lawson et al., 1991). It is therefore unlikely that any pre-existing ...
... populations that may have been established in the epiblast of the peri-implantation embryo would have been lost during the extensive intermingling of cells in the epiblast before and during gastrulation (Gardner and Cockroft, 1998; Lawson et al., 1991). It is therefore unlikely that any pre-existing ...
Mitotic Block Induced in HeLa Cells by Low Concentrations of
... erally been considered that the mitotic block induced by low concen trations of paclitaxel (or other antimitotic drugs) leads merely to a transitory slowing of the cell cycle, from which cells recover and continue proliferating. Thus, it remains to be determined whether a prolonged suppression of mi ...
... erally been considered that the mitotic block induced by low concen trations of paclitaxel (or other antimitotic drugs) leads merely to a transitory slowing of the cell cycle, from which cells recover and continue proliferating. Thus, it remains to be determined whether a prolonged suppression of mi ...
Test Bank - rsffa.org
... ____ 29. Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment? a. mitochondrion b. cell membrane c. chloroplast d. channel protein ____ 30. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods b. stor ...
... ____ 29. Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment? a. mitochondrion b. cell membrane c. chloroplast d. channel protein ____ 30. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods b. stor ...
CD95 ligation and intracellular membrane flow
... apoptosis. Thus CD95 ligation in type II cells induces early and complex alterations in intracellular membrane flow, involving endosomes, mitochondria and Golgi, which may contribute to the induction of cell death. The mechanisms and signalling pathways towards CD95-triggered endocytosis, however, r ...
... apoptosis. Thus CD95 ligation in type II cells induces early and complex alterations in intracellular membrane flow, involving endosomes, mitochondria and Golgi, which may contribute to the induction of cell death. The mechanisms and signalling pathways towards CD95-triggered endocytosis, however, r ...
Unprocessed Proinsulin Promotes Cell Survival During
... low or very high prepancreatic insulin availability, due to altered preproinsulin mRNA regulation induced by factors related to or independent of hyperglycemia, may contribute to the appearence of congenital abnormalities. Low insulin levels were reported to cause retarded growth and development in ...
... low or very high prepancreatic insulin availability, due to altered preproinsulin mRNA regulation induced by factors related to or independent of hyperglycemia, may contribute to the appearence of congenital abnormalities. Low insulin levels were reported to cause retarded growth and development in ...
machen2006
... mediators in BAL fluids showing that increased inflammation in CF followed bacterial infections (5). Recent studies using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiling of sputum from both adult (149) and pediatric (148) CF patients have shown many (⬎40) bacterial species that have not ...
... mediators in BAL fluids showing that increased inflammation in CF followed bacterial infections (5). Recent studies using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiling of sputum from both adult (149) and pediatric (148) CF patients have shown many (⬎40) bacterial species that have not ...
About 100 cases of small cell carcinoma
... • Although also associated with H. pylori infection, the carcinogenetic sequence of the diffuse type of gastric cancer is not well characterized ...
... • Although also associated with H. pylori infection, the carcinogenetic sequence of the diffuse type of gastric cancer is not well characterized ...
Cilia Review Article - Eastern Virginia Medical School
... Work with C. elegans provided early clues that the gene products for PKD1 and PKD2 might also be involved with cilia structure and/or function. During the examination of mutations that affect mating behavior in C. elegans, Barr et al. (1999, 2001) identified worm homologs of PKD1 as lov-1 (for locat ...
... Work with C. elegans provided early clues that the gene products for PKD1 and PKD2 might also be involved with cilia structure and/or function. During the examination of mutations that affect mating behavior in C. elegans, Barr et al. (1999, 2001) identified worm homologs of PKD1 as lov-1 (for locat ...
Retinal Ganglion Cells in Goldfish
... The dendrites of a single subtype of ganglion cell (see below) were digitized using a Zeiss Universal microscope (2000x magnification), interfaced with a PDP 1l/34 computer through stepping motors on the mechanical controls of the stage and fine focus. Data points were entered sequentially, every 5- ...
... The dendrites of a single subtype of ganglion cell (see below) were digitized using a Zeiss Universal microscope (2000x magnification), interfaced with a PDP 1l/34 computer through stepping motors on the mechanical controls of the stage and fine focus. Data points were entered sequentially, every 5- ...
Coding of Border Ownership in Monkey Visual Cortex
... the point in consideration, and even the findings concerning illusory contour representation might be explainable in terms of neighborhood processing (Heitger et al., 1998). Figure-ground segregation is fundamental to visual object recognition (Koffka, 1935), and finding this process reflected in si ...
... the point in consideration, and even the findings concerning illusory contour representation might be explainable in terms of neighborhood processing (Heitger et al., 1998). Figure-ground segregation is fundamental to visual object recognition (Koffka, 1935), and finding this process reflected in si ...
Significance of hydrolytic enzymes expressed during xylem
... integrity, but also during immune or defence responses of all multicellular organisms. But PCD has even been observed in protozoa and is generally considered to be an evolutionary conserved mechanism (Ameisen 2002). In contrast to passive, traumatic forms of cell death, such as necrosis, that result ...
... integrity, but also during immune or defence responses of all multicellular organisms. But PCD has even been observed in protozoa and is generally considered to be an evolutionary conserved mechanism (Ameisen 2002). In contrast to passive, traumatic forms of cell death, such as necrosis, that result ...
The Cellular Basis of Gastrulation in Xenopus laevis: Active
... (Nakatsuji, 1975, 1976; Keller and Schoenwolf, 1977) and carry the archenteron roof with them (Keller, 1981). More accurately, the involuted mesoderm pulls the preinvolution material vegetally, over itself. In urodeles, bottle cells were thought to migrate into the interior of the gastrula and pull ...
... (Nakatsuji, 1975, 1976; Keller and Schoenwolf, 1977) and carry the archenteron roof with them (Keller, 1981). More accurately, the involuted mesoderm pulls the preinvolution material vegetally, over itself. In urodeles, bottle cells were thought to migrate into the interior of the gastrula and pull ...
Neuroprotective Effects of 17Я-Estradiol and Nonfeminizing
... et al., 1998; Costa et al., 1999; Bagger et al., 2005). In addition, estrogen therapy is associated with decreased incidence and enhanced recovery from ischemic stroke. In in vitro studies, protective effects of estrogen have been widely re- ...
... et al., 1998; Costa et al., 1999; Bagger et al., 2005). In addition, estrogen therapy is associated with decreased incidence and enhanced recovery from ischemic stroke. In in vitro studies, protective effects of estrogen have been widely re- ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.