Neuroprotective Effects of 17Я-Estradiol and Nonfeminizing
... et al., 1998; Costa et al., 1999; Bagger et al., 2005). In addition, estrogen therapy is associated with decreased incidence and enhanced recovery from ischemic stroke. In in vitro studies, protective effects of estrogen have been widely re- ...
... et al., 1998; Costa et al., 1999; Bagger et al., 2005). In addition, estrogen therapy is associated with decreased incidence and enhanced recovery from ischemic stroke. In in vitro studies, protective effects of estrogen have been widely re- ...
An Equatorial Contractile Mechanism Drives Cell Elongation but not
... addition to cross-linking actin filaments, tethers actin to the membrane in the equatorial region [30,31]. Talin, an actinbinding protein that bridges actin filaments and the adhesion apparatus [32], has also been localized to the cleavage furrow [33]. Although actomyosin is significantly enriched a ...
... addition to cross-linking actin filaments, tethers actin to the membrane in the equatorial region [30,31]. Talin, an actinbinding protein that bridges actin filaments and the adhesion apparatus [32], has also been localized to the cleavage furrow [33]. Although actomyosin is significantly enriched a ...
Acidotropic probes and flow cytometry: a powerful combination for
... 6 h. The blue probe stained 100% of O. marina cells that had R. salina in the food vacuoles. The acidotropic blue probe was also effective in staining food vacuoles in the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Dinophysis norvegica. We observed that 75% of the D. norvegica population in the aphotic zone possess ...
... 6 h. The blue probe stained 100% of O. marina cells that had R. salina in the food vacuoles. The acidotropic blue probe was also effective in staining food vacuoles in the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Dinophysis norvegica. We observed that 75% of the D. norvegica population in the aphotic zone possess ...
The Cellular Basis of Gastrulation in Xenopus laevis: Active
... (Nakatsuji, 1975, 1976; Keller and Schoenwolf, 1977) and carry the archenteron roof with them (Keller, 1981). More accurately, the involuted mesoderm pulls the preinvolution material vegetally, over itself. In urodeles, bottle cells were thought to migrate into the interior of the gastrula and pull ...
... (Nakatsuji, 1975, 1976; Keller and Schoenwolf, 1977) and carry the archenteron roof with them (Keller, 1981). More accurately, the involuted mesoderm pulls the preinvolution material vegetally, over itself. In urodeles, bottle cells were thought to migrate into the interior of the gastrula and pull ...
Analysis of the stimulation of reporter gene expression by the ¢r3
... can be conveniently divided into extracellular and intracellular pathogenesis. Extracellular pathogenesis can be defined as the process by which the infecting virus enters the host and finds its way to the interior of the target cell. Intracellular pathogenesis on the other hand is the process by wh ...
... can be conveniently divided into extracellular and intracellular pathogenesis. Extracellular pathogenesis can be defined as the process by which the infecting virus enters the host and finds its way to the interior of the target cell. Intracellular pathogenesis on the other hand is the process by wh ...
Roots/Stems/Leaves Notes PowerPoint
... stems and out into the spongy mesophyll of leaves. • Active transport and root pressure cause water to move from soil into plant roots. • Capillary action and transpiration also are needed to transport water and ...
... stems and out into the spongy mesophyll of leaves. • Active transport and root pressure cause water to move from soil into plant roots. • Capillary action and transpiration also are needed to transport water and ...
Role of Topoisomerase II@3in the Resistance of 9-OH
... genes with distinct but related sequences that, in human cells, are located on chromosomes 17 and 3 for the a and (3 enzymes, respec tively (5, 6). Transcription of the a gene varies as a function of cell cycle position; it is 15-fold higher in late-S and 02-M phases than in 01 phase (7, 8). The lev ...
... genes with distinct but related sequences that, in human cells, are located on chromosomes 17 and 3 for the a and (3 enzymes, respec tively (5, 6). Transcription of the a gene varies as a function of cell cycle position; it is 15-fold higher in late-S and 02-M phases than in 01 phase (7, 8). The lev ...
The effects of extracellular pH on immune function
... also been correlated with the subsequent migration, degranulation, and superoxide production by neutrophils [15]. It is interesting that two studies showed the extracellular release of protons by activated neutrophils following the respiratory burst [28, 29]. On the strength of the available eviden ...
... also been correlated with the subsequent migration, degranulation, and superoxide production by neutrophils [15]. It is interesting that two studies showed the extracellular release of protons by activated neutrophils following the respiratory burst [28, 29]. On the strength of the available eviden ...
the Cytoskeleton in Plant Development1
... stimuli (refer to section III for details). The ensuing mitosis is heralded by a displacement of the nucleus to the cell centre, i.e., to the site where the prospective cell plate will be formed. Simultaneously, radial microtubules emanate from the nuclear surface and merge with the cortical cytoske ...
... stimuli (refer to section III for details). The ensuing mitosis is heralded by a displacement of the nucleus to the cell centre, i.e., to the site where the prospective cell plate will be formed. Simultaneously, radial microtubules emanate from the nuclear surface and merge with the cortical cytoske ...
Patterns of Nogo mRNA and Protein Expression in the Developing
... express this isoform. The localization of Nogo-A in oligodendrocytes fits well with its role as a myelin-associated inhibitor of regenerative fiber growth and structural plasticity. However, expression of Nogo-A in other tissues and, in particular, in neurons and the widespread expression of the two ...
... express this isoform. The localization of Nogo-A in oligodendrocytes fits well with its role as a myelin-associated inhibitor of regenerative fiber growth and structural plasticity. However, expression of Nogo-A in other tissues and, in particular, in neurons and the widespread expression of the two ...
Screening from a subtracted embryonic chick hindbrain cDNA library
... Mason, 2000). Expression domains of Otx2 in the forebrain and midbrain (Bally-Cuif et al., 1995) and Gbx2 in the hindbrain (Shamim and Mason, 1998) meet at the isthmus and experimental evidence suggests that both these genes are required for the correct spatial expression of Fgf8 and speci®cation of ...
... Mason, 2000). Expression domains of Otx2 in the forebrain and midbrain (Bally-Cuif et al., 1995) and Gbx2 in the hindbrain (Shamim and Mason, 1998) meet at the isthmus and experimental evidence suggests that both these genes are required for the correct spatial expression of Fgf8 and speci®cation of ...
A Nanobody-Based System Using Fluorescent Proteins as Scaffolds
... transgenic lines. Such a procedure can be costly and lengthy for organisms such as the mouse. Thus, a key to conducting efficient and wide-ranging studies on existing and future model organisms is to increase the versatility of transgenic resources. Owing to their ease of detection, GFP and its deri ...
... transgenic lines. Such a procedure can be costly and lengthy for organisms such as the mouse. Thus, a key to conducting efficient and wide-ranging studies on existing and future model organisms is to increase the versatility of transgenic resources. Owing to their ease of detection, GFP and its deri ...
Article PDF
... group of Prof. Schwab at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) to establish a physical map of distal 1p36 as a basis for identifying a neuroblastoma tumor suppressor gene. After receiving his diploma he moved within the DKFZ to the group of Prof. Poustka to establish a novel method for an array b ...
... group of Prof. Schwab at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) to establish a physical map of distal 1p36 as a basis for identifying a neuroblastoma tumor suppressor gene. After receiving his diploma he moved within the DKFZ to the group of Prof. Poustka to establish a novel method for an array b ...
Sodium Current Density Correlates with Expression of Specific
... structural analysis of the puru gene indicates the presence of a number of microexons that give rise to multiple alternatively spliced pum mRNAs (Loughney et al., 1989; Thackeray and Ganetzky, 1994). However, neither the tissue specihcity nor function of the proteins encoded by these para mRNAs is k ...
... structural analysis of the puru gene indicates the presence of a number of microexons that give rise to multiple alternatively spliced pum mRNAs (Loughney et al., 1989; Thackeray and Ganetzky, 1994). However, neither the tissue specihcity nor function of the proteins encoded by these para mRNAs is k ...
Effect of n-butanol and cold pretreatment on the cytoskeleton and
... Degradation and recycling of these cytoplasmic components through two different pathways: the ubiquitin-26S proteosome system and autophagy (Alché et al. 2000; Maraschin et al. 2005b). In the next step, the nucleus moves from the periphery to the center of the microspore. Simultaneously, the vacuol ...
... Degradation and recycling of these cytoplasmic components through two different pathways: the ubiquitin-26S proteosome system and autophagy (Alché et al. 2000; Maraschin et al. 2005b). In the next step, the nucleus moves from the periphery to the center of the microspore. Simultaneously, the vacuol ...
IDEXX Urine Sediment Guide
... How to perform a dry prep/line smear Performing a dry prep or line smear is an extremely cost-effective means of confirming the presence or absence of bacteria, of differentiating between cocci and short rods, and for characterizing various cellular elements in the urine sample. ...
... How to perform a dry prep/line smear Performing a dry prep or line smear is an extremely cost-effective means of confirming the presence or absence of bacteria, of differentiating between cocci and short rods, and for characterizing various cellular elements in the urine sample. ...
Susceptibility to plant disease: more than a failure of host immunity
... and can thereby establish effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS). A second class of plant immune receptors, encoded by resistance genes, has evolved to recognize these effectors or their activity. Effector recognition activates a defense response referred to as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Ho ...
... and can thereby establish effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS). A second class of plant immune receptors, encoded by resistance genes, has evolved to recognize these effectors or their activity. Effector recognition activates a defense response referred to as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Ho ...
Chlorella
... routinely in our laboratories to maintain axenic cultures of unicellular Chlorella since 1974 (Boraas, 1979, 1983). A single custom-blown glass culture tube (volume constant at 500 ml) was held under constant conditions of light (c. 100 lEinsteins) and temperature 25 0:5 C. The nutrient medium, ...
... routinely in our laboratories to maintain axenic cultures of unicellular Chlorella since 1974 (Boraas, 1979, 1983). A single custom-blown glass culture tube (volume constant at 500 ml) was held under constant conditions of light (c. 100 lEinsteins) and temperature 25 0:5 C. The nutrient medium, ...
Plant, Cell and Environment
... companion cell-specific AtSUC2 promoter (Imlau, Truemit & Sauer 1999; Oparka et al. 1999). The concurring result of these experiments was that both the small carboxyfluorescein (CF) molecule (Oparka et al. 1994) as well as the 27 kDa GFP are allocated with the stream of assimilates and symplasticall ...
... companion cell-specific AtSUC2 promoter (Imlau, Truemit & Sauer 1999; Oparka et al. 1999). The concurring result of these experiments was that both the small carboxyfluorescein (CF) molecule (Oparka et al. 1994) as well as the 27 kDa GFP are allocated with the stream of assimilates and symplasticall ...
Modulation of T cell signaling by the actin cytoskeleton
... the actin cytoskeleton by crosslinking filaments and sliding them with respect to one another (for details, see Vicente-Manzanares et al., 2009). ...
... the actin cytoskeleton by crosslinking filaments and sliding them with respect to one another (for details, see Vicente-Manzanares et al., 2009). ...
Metabolic allometric scaling model. Combining cellular
... applicability, problematic with regard to some initial assumptions, and that they could not explain known diversity of metabolic scaling relationships (White et al., 2011, 2009, 2007; Weibel and Hoppeler, 2005; Glazier, 2005; Kozlowski and Konarzewski, 2004). Here, we present a general method for fi ...
... applicability, problematic with regard to some initial assumptions, and that they could not explain known diversity of metabolic scaling relationships (White et al., 2011, 2009, 2007; Weibel and Hoppeler, 2005; Glazier, 2005; Kozlowski and Konarzewski, 2004). Here, we present a general method for fi ...
The Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in Shaping Bacterial Cells
... 20% of the cell cycle, more than a dozen other components of the divisome are recruited to the Z-ring to form a mature cell division complex that carries out septal PG synthesis as well as the constriction of inner and outer membranes, and chromosome translocation at the division site [1, 31, 62]. I ...
... 20% of the cell cycle, more than a dozen other components of the divisome are recruited to the Z-ring to form a mature cell division complex that carries out septal PG synthesis as well as the constriction of inner and outer membranes, and chromosome translocation at the division site [1, 31, 62]. I ...
Growth rate regulation of lac operon expression in Escherichia coli
... where it binds to CRP to form the cAMP^CRP complex, which then binds to the CRP binding region located near the lac promoter and enhances its transcription. The catabolite repression model is further supported by the observation that glucose can also lower the expression of crp gene and reduce the i ...
... where it binds to CRP to form the cAMP^CRP complex, which then binds to the CRP binding region located near the lac promoter and enhances its transcription. The catabolite repression model is further supported by the observation that glucose can also lower the expression of crp gene and reduce the i ...
MAUREEN CAROLINE McCANN Nationality
... machinery of the plant cell wall contributes to cell growth and specialization, and thus to the final stature and form of plants. The plant cell wall is a highly organized composite of many different polysaccharides, proteins, and aromatic substances that undergo dynamic changes during cell division ...
... machinery of the plant cell wall contributes to cell growth and specialization, and thus to the final stature and form of plants. The plant cell wall is a highly organized composite of many different polysaccharides, proteins, and aromatic substances that undergo dynamic changes during cell division ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.