Early Event of Sexual Induction in Volvox: Chemical Modification of
... is almost completely unknown. The ultimate target of inducer action obviously is the reproductive cell (gonidium) of the asexual spheroid, which responds by cleaving to produce a sexual rather than an asexual offspring. However, the first biochemical response detected so far is a structural alterati ...
... is almost completely unknown. The ultimate target of inducer action obviously is the reproductive cell (gonidium) of the asexual spheroid, which responds by cleaving to produce a sexual rather than an asexual offspring. However, the first biochemical response detected so far is a structural alterati ...
Virus entry into a polarized epithelial cell line (MDCK)
... BCV or influenza C virus. Bound virus was detected by a colour assay based on the viral acetylesterase as described elsewhere (Schultze et al., I993). • Gangliosides. MDCK I and MDCK II cells were pretreated with sialidase from C. perfringens (1 U/ml) for I h at 37 °C. Following incubation with BBG ...
... BCV or influenza C virus. Bound virus was detected by a colour assay based on the viral acetylesterase as described elsewhere (Schultze et al., I993). • Gangliosides. MDCK I and MDCK II cells were pretreated with sialidase from C. perfringens (1 U/ml) for I h at 37 °C. Following incubation with BBG ...
Virus entry into a polarized epithelial cell line (MDCK)
... BCV or influenza C virus. Bound virus was detected by a colour assay based on the viral acetylesterase as described elsewhere (Schultze et al., I993). • Gangliosides. MDCK I and MDCK II cells were pretreated with sialidase from C. perfringens (1 U/ml) for I h at 37 °C. Following incubation with BBG ...
... BCV or influenza C virus. Bound virus was detected by a colour assay based on the viral acetylesterase as described elsewhere (Schultze et al., I993). • Gangliosides. MDCK I and MDCK II cells were pretreated with sialidase from C. perfringens (1 U/ml) for I h at 37 °C. Following incubation with BBG ...
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Mitogen
... required to inactivate ERK1/2 and thus facilitate cell cycle exit in the transition towards myogenic entry. Later on during myogenesis MyoD was shown to uncouple from the MKP1 promoter and hence downregulate MKP-1 expression (Figure 1). Downregulation of MKP1 during the later stages of myogenesis ma ...
... required to inactivate ERK1/2 and thus facilitate cell cycle exit in the transition towards myogenic entry. Later on during myogenesis MyoD was shown to uncouple from the MKP1 promoter and hence downregulate MKP-1 expression (Figure 1). Downregulation of MKP1 during the later stages of myogenesis ma ...
Autophagy in the Eukaryotic Cell - CiteSeerX
... to deliver bulk cytoplasmic components to the vacuole. In contrast, the Cvt pathway is biosynthetic and selects specific cargo components for transport. Two hydrolases are known to use this route: Ape1 (58) and ␣-mannosidase (Ams1) (38). After translation, Ams1 and prApe1 rapidly assemble into large ...
... to deliver bulk cytoplasmic components to the vacuole. In contrast, the Cvt pathway is biosynthetic and selects specific cargo components for transport. Two hydrolases are known to use this route: Ape1 (58) and ␣-mannosidase (Ams1) (38). After translation, Ams1 and prApe1 rapidly assemble into large ...
PDF
... (Fig. 1F-J). At this stage, the embryonic epidermis is lined by a thin apical ECM termed the ‘embryonic sheath’ (Priess and Hirsh, 1986), which later becomes an outer layer of the L1 cuticle (Costa et al., 1997). Outside the sheath, four additional ECM layers were visible that together constitute th ...
... (Fig. 1F-J). At this stage, the embryonic epidermis is lined by a thin apical ECM termed the ‘embryonic sheath’ (Priess and Hirsh, 1986), which later becomes an outer layer of the L1 cuticle (Costa et al., 1997). Outside the sheath, four additional ECM layers were visible that together constitute th ...
Mitochondrial alternative oxidase acts to dampen the generation of
... cells could be inhibited by nPG. Given the non-phosphorylating nature of AOX respiration, wt cells required higher rates of electron transport to O2 than AS8 cells to support similar rates of P uptake. The utilization of AOX by wt cells during P uptake was apparently not occurring because the cytoch ...
... cells could be inhibited by nPG. Given the non-phosphorylating nature of AOX respiration, wt cells required higher rates of electron transport to O2 than AS8 cells to support similar rates of P uptake. The utilization of AOX by wt cells during P uptake was apparently not occurring because the cytoch ...
A Division-Dependent Compartmental Model for Computing Cell
... To better understand rates at the generation number cohort or division number cohort level, one should attempt to develop individual (cohort) dynamics to investigate the CFSE data in a Type I framework of Aggregate Data/Individual (Cohort) Dynamics inverse problems such as those discussed in [1, Cha ...
... To better understand rates at the generation number cohort or division number cohort level, one should attempt to develop individual (cohort) dynamics to investigate the CFSE data in a Type I framework of Aggregate Data/Individual (Cohort) Dynamics inverse problems such as those discussed in [1, Cha ...
Hedgehog signaling and yolk sac angiogenesis
... Hedgehog signaling is essential for proper pattern formation and morphogenesis in several species (McMahon, 2000). There are three mouse homologs of the Drosophila hedgehog (Hh) gene: sonic hedgehog (Shh), desert hedgehog (Dhh) and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) (Echelard et al., 1993; Hammerschmidt et al., ...
... Hedgehog signaling is essential for proper pattern formation and morphogenesis in several species (McMahon, 2000). There are three mouse homologs of the Drosophila hedgehog (Hh) gene: sonic hedgehog (Shh), desert hedgehog (Dhh) and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) (Echelard et al., 1993; Hammerschmidt et al., ...
Comparison of Properties of Medial Entorhinal Cortex
... studies have suggested that cellular properties such as spike frequency adaptation and persistent firing might underlie the grid cell firing. Recent in vivo studies also suggest that cholinergic activation influences grid cell firing. Here we investigated the anatomical distribution of firing freque ...
... studies have suggested that cellular properties such as spike frequency adaptation and persistent firing might underlie the grid cell firing. Recent in vivo studies also suggest that cholinergic activation influences grid cell firing. Here we investigated the anatomical distribution of firing freque ...
Plant Vacuoles
... 1996; Müntz, 1998; see Herman and Larkins, 1999, in this issue). The membrane of the protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) contains the seed-specific aquaporin a-TIP (Höfte et al., 1992; Paris et al., 1996; Swanson et al., 1998; see below). Storage proteins are also synthesized and accumulated in speciali ...
... 1996; Müntz, 1998; see Herman and Larkins, 1999, in this issue). The membrane of the protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) contains the seed-specific aquaporin a-TIP (Höfte et al., 1992; Paris et al., 1996; Swanson et al., 1998; see below). Storage proteins are also synthesized and accumulated in speciali ...
Protein sensing in living cells by molecular rotor
... from CHO cells, which are MGMT-decient, the other three types of cell lines have been known to express substantial amounts of MGMT.33,37 Live-cell images were taken immediately without any washout process aer 1 mM BG-CCVJ was incubated with the cells for 90 minutes (Fig. S6†). A strong uorescence ...
... from CHO cells, which are MGMT-decient, the other three types of cell lines have been known to express substantial amounts of MGMT.33,37 Live-cell images were taken immediately without any washout process aer 1 mM BG-CCVJ was incubated with the cells for 90 minutes (Fig. S6†). A strong uorescence ...
Interplay between SCARECROW, GA and LIKE
... asymmetric cell divisions, but this usually happens at later developmental stages (more than 2 weeks after germination) (Baum et al., 2002; Paquette and Benfey, 2005). Three layers of cortex have been observed (Baum et al., 2002), but more often only one additional asymmetric cell division occurs, g ...
... asymmetric cell divisions, but this usually happens at later developmental stages (more than 2 weeks after germination) (Baum et al., 2002; Paquette and Benfey, 2005). Three layers of cortex have been observed (Baum et al., 2002), but more often only one additional asymmetric cell division occurs, g ...
mpges
... demonstrated that the induction of mPGES-1 expression requires the presence of tandem GC boxes adjacent to the transcription initiation site. The group further demonstrated that the binding of the transcription factor Egr-1 to the proximal GC box is essential for transcriptional regulation of the hu ...
... demonstrated that the induction of mPGES-1 expression requires the presence of tandem GC boxes adjacent to the transcription initiation site. The group further demonstrated that the binding of the transcription factor Egr-1 to the proximal GC box is essential for transcriptional regulation of the hu ...
In vivo characterization of the properties of SUMO1
... Blocking SUMO–SIM-mediated protein–protein interactions is therefore an attractive approach to specifically perturb SUMOylation in vivo. For example, expression of an artificial SIM peptide has been shown to decrease protein–protein interactions necessary for DNA damage repair [17]. However, most SI ...
... Blocking SUMO–SIM-mediated protein–protein interactions is therefore an attractive approach to specifically perturb SUMOylation in vivo. For example, expression of an artificial SIM peptide has been shown to decrease protein–protein interactions necessary for DNA damage repair [17]. However, most SI ...
complement
... If Ag/Ab complexes are formed , complement will be fixed by these complexes & some of the complement will be consumed by these complexes so : Not all RBCs of the indicator system will be lysed & the test is POSITIVE ...
... If Ag/Ab complexes are formed , complement will be fixed by these complexes & some of the complement will be consumed by these complexes so : Not all RBCs of the indicator system will be lysed & the test is POSITIVE ...
Plant Cell Wall Proteins: A Large Body of Data, but What about
... Plant cell wall proteomics is a tricky field of research, since proteins are not only minor components of plant cell walls, but are also trapped in complex networks of polysaccharides with which they can interact. Plant cell walls are mainly composed of cellulose microfibrils wrapped in and connecte ...
... Plant cell wall proteomics is a tricky field of research, since proteins are not only minor components of plant cell walls, but are also trapped in complex networks of polysaccharides with which they can interact. Plant cell walls are mainly composed of cellulose microfibrils wrapped in and connecte ...
Systematic identification of cell size regulators in
... appearance), and red circle denotes time of nuclear separation. See Materials and Methods for details of determination of bud neck disappearance and appearance. D, E Properties of the size control at different growth rates. log(size at birth) versus DV in G1 for haploid (D) and diploid (E) cells on ...
... appearance), and red circle denotes time of nuclear separation. See Materials and Methods for details of determination of bud neck disappearance and appearance. D, E Properties of the size control at different growth rates. log(size at birth) versus DV in G1 for haploid (D) and diploid (E) cells on ...
Plant Vacuoles
... 1996; Müntz, 1998; see Herman and Larkins, 1999, in this issue). The membrane of the protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) contains the seed-specific aquaporin a-TIP (Höfte et al., 1992; Paris et al., 1996; Swanson et al., 1998; see below). Storage proteins are also synthesized and accumulated in speciali ...
... 1996; Müntz, 1998; see Herman and Larkins, 1999, in this issue). The membrane of the protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) contains the seed-specific aquaporin a-TIP (Höfte et al., 1992; Paris et al., 1996; Swanson et al., 1998; see below). Storage proteins are also synthesized and accumulated in speciali ...
Glucocorticoid Receptor-mediated Suppression of the Interleukin 2
... a key role in controlling immune reactions against endogenous or exogenous antigens and has been reported to be very effective in induction of transplantation tolerance (1). Most of the immunosuppressants affect the cascade of molecular events arising from the interaction of the antigen with the TCR ...
... a key role in controlling immune reactions against endogenous or exogenous antigens and has been reported to be very effective in induction of transplantation tolerance (1). Most of the immunosuppressants affect the cascade of molecular events arising from the interaction of the antigen with the TCR ...
Structure/Function Analysis of ras Using Random Mutagenesis
... the ability of some tumor DNAs to induce transformation of NIH 3T3 cells (2-4). To date, three cellular ras genes {rasH, rasK, and ras") have been identified as activated transforming genes in approximately 10-20% of a wide variety of human neoplasms including carcinomas, sarcomas, neuroblastomas, l ...
... the ability of some tumor DNAs to induce transformation of NIH 3T3 cells (2-4). To date, three cellular ras genes {rasH, rasK, and ras") have been identified as activated transforming genes in approximately 10-20% of a wide variety of human neoplasms including carcinomas, sarcomas, neuroblastomas, l ...
Covalent interactions are not required to permit or stabilize the non
... study to express core, E1 and E2 from both H77 and Glasgow strains are given in Fig. 1. Cloned cDNA fragments from HCV strain Glasgow, which has a 1a genotype, were kindly provided by M. McElwee and R. M. Elliott. A plasmid, pCV-H77C (kindly supplied by J. Bukh), carrying the infectious full-length ...
... study to express core, E1 and E2 from both H77 and Glasgow strains are given in Fig. 1. Cloned cDNA fragments from HCV strain Glasgow, which has a 1a genotype, were kindly provided by M. McElwee and R. M. Elliott. A plasmid, pCV-H77C (kindly supplied by J. Bukh), carrying the infectious full-length ...
Staining and Bacterial Cell Morphology
... ion (a chromophore) and a counter ion to balance the charge. Attachment of the chromophore part of the dye complex to a cellular component represents the staining reaction. There are two types of dyes: cationic (basic) and anionic (acidic). Cationic dyes have a positively charged chromophore and hig ...
... ion (a chromophore) and a counter ion to balance the charge. Attachment of the chromophore part of the dye complex to a cellular component represents the staining reaction. There are two types of dyes: cationic (basic) and anionic (acidic). Cationic dyes have a positively charged chromophore and hig ...
Pleiotropy of leptin receptor signalling is defined by distinct roles of
... agouti-related protein (AGRP) neurons [29]. ...
... agouti-related protein (AGRP) neurons [29]. ...
The tubby-like proteins - Journal of Cell Science
... kinase domain, as well as by ABL and JAK2. This phosphorylation increases the binding capacity of TUB for proteins that have SH2 domains, such as PLC-γ. (b) TUB as a nuclear signaling molecule. TUB is attached to the plasma membrane through PtdIns(4,5)P2. The signals from Gprotein-coupled receptors ...
... kinase domain, as well as by ABL and JAK2. This phosphorylation increases the binding capacity of TUB for proteins that have SH2 domains, such as PLC-γ. (b) TUB as a nuclear signaling molecule. TUB is attached to the plasma membrane through PtdIns(4,5)P2. The signals from Gprotein-coupled receptors ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.