Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW
... cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-a ŽTNF-a . as well as genes encoding cell adhesion molecules, immunoreceptors, hematopoetic growth factors and growth factor receptors ŽBaeuerle and Henkel, 1994.. In addition, NF-kB response eleme ...
... cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-a ŽTNF-a . as well as genes encoding cell adhesion molecules, immunoreceptors, hematopoetic growth factors and growth factor receptors ŽBaeuerle and Henkel, 1994.. In addition, NF-kB response eleme ...
article in press - MPI
... to generate segment polarity, and conflicting evidence exists regarding whether fss/tbx24 is required cell-autonomously ...
... to generate segment polarity, and conflicting evidence exists regarding whether fss/tbx24 is required cell-autonomously ...
The human uncoupling protein-3 gene promoter muscle cells
... B is formed by a complex containing RAR and RXR whereas bands A contain RXR but not RAR. Competition analysis with an excess of unlabeled oligonucleotides that carry the mutations assayed in the functional promoter analysis (UCP3-DR1m1 and UCP3-DR1m2, Fig. 2C) were performed to identify the sites in ...
... B is formed by a complex containing RAR and RXR whereas bands A contain RXR but not RAR. Competition analysis with an excess of unlabeled oligonucleotides that carry the mutations assayed in the functional promoter analysis (UCP3-DR1m1 and UCP3-DR1m2, Fig. 2C) were performed to identify the sites in ...
Events at the Host-Microbial Interface of the Gastrointestinal Tract III
... isogenic mutant in the qseC sensor kinase was unable to respond to AI-3 or epinephrine given exogenously. Interestingly, the motility of a luxS mutant can be restored either by the addition of AI-3 or epinephrine (17, 21), and the transcription of flhDC is also activated by both signals. Motility an ...
... isogenic mutant in the qseC sensor kinase was unable to respond to AI-3 or epinephrine given exogenously. Interestingly, the motility of a luxS mutant can be restored either by the addition of AI-3 or epinephrine (17, 21), and the transcription of flhDC is also activated by both signals. Motility an ...
Cellular and Subcellular Localization of Peroxidase
... by analytical IEF (pH-range 3.0—10.0). By in situ staining we could detect at least 16 peroxidase isoen zymes (Fig. 1, Table I). A unique isoenzyme pattern is typical for each of the tissues studied. In all of them the basic peroxidase isoenzymes are dominant. For total peroxidase activities the so ...
... by analytical IEF (pH-range 3.0—10.0). By in situ staining we could detect at least 16 peroxidase isoen zymes (Fig. 1, Table I). A unique isoenzyme pattern is typical for each of the tissues studied. In all of them the basic peroxidase isoenzymes are dominant. For total peroxidase activities the so ...
Quantitative phase microscopy – a new tool for investigating
... invented in the 1950’s by the French optics theoretician, George Nomarski.9 DIC is based on modification of the Wollaston prism which is used for detecting optical gradients in specimens and converting them into intensity differences.2 The equipment needed for DIC microscopy includes a polarizer, a ...
... invented in the 1950’s by the French optics theoretician, George Nomarski.9 DIC is based on modification of the Wollaston prism which is used for detecting optical gradients in specimens and converting them into intensity differences.2 The equipment needed for DIC microscopy includes a polarizer, a ...
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... Fig. 1. dCAF-1-p105 genetically interacts with the Notch pathway in the eye and wing. (A-E) Genetic interaction of dCAF-1-p105 and the Notch pathway in the eye. Eyes of wild-type adult flies (A) and flies that express dCAF-1-p105IR in a wild-type (B,C) or heterozygous N1 background (D) are classifie ...
... Fig. 1. dCAF-1-p105 genetically interacts with the Notch pathway in the eye and wing. (A-E) Genetic interaction of dCAF-1-p105 and the Notch pathway in the eye. Eyes of wild-type adult flies (A) and flies that express dCAF-1-p105IR in a wild-type (B,C) or heterozygous N1 background (D) are classifie ...
G α 12/13 regulate epiboly by inhibiting E
... prominent bands of E-cadherin, which may correspond to two glycosylation forms of E-cadherin, were detected, as described previously (Babb and Marrs, 2004). There was no clear difference in the expression level of E-cadherin protein between the control embryos and embryos with excess or reduced G␣12 ...
... prominent bands of E-cadherin, which may correspond to two glycosylation forms of E-cadherin, were detected, as described previously (Babb and Marrs, 2004). There was no clear difference in the expression level of E-cadherin protein between the control embryos and embryos with excess or reduced G␣12 ...
Arterial–Venous Specification During Development
... capillary plexus (intussusceptive angiogenesis). In later development and adult life, these 2 types of vessel formation processes often occur together and the distinction between them is frequently not so clear. In addition to the earliest extraembryonic and lateral mesoderm, angioblasts are also th ...
... capillary plexus (intussusceptive angiogenesis). In later development and adult life, these 2 types of vessel formation processes often occur together and the distinction between them is frequently not so clear. In addition to the earliest extraembryonic and lateral mesoderm, angioblasts are also th ...
OsRAN2, essential for mitosis, enhances cold tolerance in rice by
... University, Beijing 100094, China and 3National Research Center for Plant Gene, Beijing 100093, China ...
... University, Beijing 100094, China and 3National Research Center for Plant Gene, Beijing 100093, China ...
The L5 epitope: an early marker for neural induction in the chick
... In some experiments, the tissue was digested in 20 mM sodium phosphate pH7.2, 10 mM EDTA, 40mM rc-octylglucoside containing 6 units of iV-glycosidase-F (peptide-N-glycosidase-F; E.C. 3.2.2.18; Boehringer-Mannheim) for every 100 fig of tissue digested, at 37°C for 18 h before immunoblotting as above. ...
... In some experiments, the tissue was digested in 20 mM sodium phosphate pH7.2, 10 mM EDTA, 40mM rc-octylglucoside containing 6 units of iV-glycosidase-F (peptide-N-glycosidase-F; E.C. 3.2.2.18; Boehringer-Mannheim) for every 100 fig of tissue digested, at 37°C for 18 h before immunoblotting as above. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... The discovery of bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, for example, the actin-like proteins MreB and ParM, the tubulinlike protein FtsZ, and the intermediate filament protein crescentin, reinforced the strong similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, thus highlighting the importance of bacteria as a ...
... The discovery of bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, for example, the actin-like proteins MreB and ParM, the tubulinlike protein FtsZ, and the intermediate filament protein crescentin, reinforced the strong similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, thus highlighting the importance of bacteria as a ...
Getting to the root of plant biology: impact of the Arabidopsis
... 2005; Devaiah et al., 2007a,b). In a related study, the Pi-associated bHLH32 transcription factor was shown to interact with the root epidermal fate regulators TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG) and GLABRA3 (GL3). Moreover, the bhlh32 mutant exhibits a significant increase in transcription of Pi starva ...
... 2005; Devaiah et al., 2007a,b). In a related study, the Pi-associated bHLH32 transcription factor was shown to interact with the root epidermal fate regulators TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG) and GLABRA3 (GL3). Moreover, the bhlh32 mutant exhibits a significant increase in transcription of Pi starva ...
Role of GATA factors in development, differentiation, and
... Ectopic expression of either factor converts other embryonic cells to an endodermal fate (69, 126). End-1 and end-3 appear to be the result of a recent duplication, with each diverging to activate two distinct, but overlapping, E lineage regulatory pathways, perhaps through differences in their DNA- ...
... Ectopic expression of either factor converts other embryonic cells to an endodermal fate (69, 126). End-1 and end-3 appear to be the result of a recent duplication, with each diverging to activate two distinct, but overlapping, E lineage regulatory pathways, perhaps through differences in their DNA- ...
SED4 Encodes a Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum
... in a vector carrying the S. cerevisiae URA3 gene and the 21-~origin of replication. Two temperature-sensitive (Ts) sec16 strains, CKY50 and CKY52, were transformed with YEp24 library DNA. A total of 35,000 (CKY50) and 13,000 (CKY52) transformants at a density of 1.5 x 103 to i x 104 colonies per pla ...
... in a vector carrying the S. cerevisiae URA3 gene and the 21-~origin of replication. Two temperature-sensitive (Ts) sec16 strains, CKY50 and CKY52, were transformed with YEp24 library DNA. A total of 35,000 (CKY50) and 13,000 (CKY52) transformants at a density of 1.5 x 103 to i x 104 colonies per pla ...
Journal of Cell Biology - Institute of Cancer Research Repository
... Figure 1. Apoptotic nuclear breakdown is blocked following ROCK inhibition. (A) Transmission electron micrograph of an NIH 3T3 fibroblast treated with 25 ng/ml TNF plus 10 g/ml cycloheximide (CHX) for 2 h to induce apoptosis, showing large plasma membrane blebs, nuclear disintegration, and heteroc ...
... Figure 1. Apoptotic nuclear breakdown is blocked following ROCK inhibition. (A) Transmission electron micrograph of an NIH 3T3 fibroblast treated with 25 ng/ml TNF plus 10 g/ml cycloheximide (CHX) for 2 h to induce apoptosis, showing large plasma membrane blebs, nuclear disintegration, and heteroc ...
Chapter 1 Jeopardy Review
... Jellyfish, worms, and insects are classified together because none of them have a ______________ to support its body. ...
... Jellyfish, worms, and insects are classified together because none of them have a ______________ to support its body. ...
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on
... plant body acting as plant’s skin. The epidermal cells are living, exceptionally nonliving (velamen in Orchids) having cell walls thicker than other cells due to deposition of cutin, wax, resin, silica and gum. The epidermis is usually covered with a thick waxy layer called cuticle, which is secreto ...
... plant body acting as plant’s skin. The epidermal cells are living, exceptionally nonliving (velamen in Orchids) having cell walls thicker than other cells due to deposition of cutin, wax, resin, silica and gum. The epidermis is usually covered with a thick waxy layer called cuticle, which is secreto ...
Activation of Lymphocyte Signaling by the R1 Protein of Rhesus
... signal-transducing proteins including protein kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases (6, 23, 24). Sequences that bind to SH2 domains are characterized by phosphorylated tyrosine residues present in a variety of cellular signaling proteins such as lymphocyte receptors, adapter proteins, protein ki ...
... signal-transducing proteins including protein kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases (6, 23, 24). Sequences that bind to SH2 domains are characterized by phosphorylated tyrosine residues present in a variety of cellular signaling proteins such as lymphocyte receptors, adapter proteins, protein ki ...
Advances in Environmental Biology
... Additionally selenium is a part of selenocysteine and selenomethionine proteins, the main amino acid constituent of these enzymes is selenocysteine, located in the active sites??? [it is not clear please clarify what is you mean [17].Unique properties in biological pathways and low toxicity red nano ...
... Additionally selenium is a part of selenocysteine and selenomethionine proteins, the main amino acid constituent of these enzymes is selenocysteine, located in the active sites??? [it is not clear please clarify what is you mean [17].Unique properties in biological pathways and low toxicity red nano ...
Pulmonary immune cells in health and disease: lymphocytes
... by T-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. They share morphological characteristics with Peyer's patches of the intestine, and form strict associations with mucosal epithelium. In pulmonary follicles, naive B- and T-cells localiz.e, differentiate into memory and effector Iymphocytes, and continuou ...
... by T-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. They share morphological characteristics with Peyer's patches of the intestine, and form strict associations with mucosal epithelium. In pulmonary follicles, naive B- and T-cells localiz.e, differentiate into memory and effector Iymphocytes, and continuou ...
EGF receptor signaling pathway Drosophila activation
... Figure 2. ave is required for EGFR signaling during eye development. ave mutant clones generated in third instar eye discs are marked by loss of GFP (B,E,H,K,N,Q,T; green in C,F,I,L,O,R,U). (A–C) Cone cells were stained with anti-Cut (A, red in C) and photoreceptors with anti-Elav (blue in C). Very ...
... Figure 2. ave is required for EGFR signaling during eye development. ave mutant clones generated in third instar eye discs are marked by loss of GFP (B,E,H,K,N,Q,T; green in C,F,I,L,O,R,U). (A–C) Cone cells were stained with anti-Cut (A, red in C) and photoreceptors with anti-Elav (blue in C). Very ...
Planar cell polarity signalling regulates cell adhesion properties in
... adhesive and non-adhesive substrate. One well was filled with 50 l of heatinactivated foetal calf serum (Invitrogen) to passivate the surface (nonadhesive substrate). The other well was filled with 50 l of 2.5 mg/ml ConA (adhesive substrate). Prior to the experiment, the substrate was rinsed with ...
... adhesive and non-adhesive substrate. One well was filled with 50 l of heatinactivated foetal calf serum (Invitrogen) to passivate the surface (nonadhesive substrate). The other well was filled with 50 l of 2.5 mg/ml ConA (adhesive substrate). Prior to the experiment, the substrate was rinsed with ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.