Xror2 modulates convergent extension
... polarity (PCP) signaling in Drosophila (Heisenberg et al., 2000; Tada and Smith, 2000). Components of Wnt signaling for the PCP pathway include Frizzled 7 (Xfz7), Strabismus (Stbm), Dishevelled, a Formin Homology Protein called Daam1, and the Rho family GTPases, Rho, Rac and Cdc42 (all of which have ...
... polarity (PCP) signaling in Drosophila (Heisenberg et al., 2000; Tada and Smith, 2000). Components of Wnt signaling for the PCP pathway include Frizzled 7 (Xfz7), Strabismus (Stbm), Dishevelled, a Formin Homology Protein called Daam1, and the Rho family GTPases, Rho, Rac and Cdc42 (all of which have ...
Sorting drops and cells with acoustics: acoustic
... channels to decouple the acoustic sorting region from any pressure disturbances further downstream in the microfluidic device that affect the hydrodynamic outlet resistance. Such pressure fluctuations do arise when there are variable numbers of drops in the collect and waste channels or simply when ...
... channels to decouple the acoustic sorting region from any pressure disturbances further downstream in the microfluidic device that affect the hydrodynamic outlet resistance. Such pressure fluctuations do arise when there are variable numbers of drops in the collect and waste channels or simply when ...
The Evolution of Membranes - University of Guelph Physics
... evolution of cells. Still, although the study of cellular evolution is currently an extremely active and rapidly moving field, very little consideration has been given to the evolution of membranes. As an example, the word evolution does not appear in the index of a recent, comprehensive textbook on ...
... evolution of cells. Still, although the study of cellular evolution is currently an extremely active and rapidly moving field, very little consideration has been given to the evolution of membranes. As an example, the word evolution does not appear in the index of a recent, comprehensive textbook on ...
MERCURY-INDUCED AUTOIMMUNITY: GENETICS AND IMMUNOREGULATION Doctorial Thesis from the Department of Immunology
... autotoxicus (Silverstein AM, 2001). To circumvent this problem the immune system has developed mechanisms to prevent the generation and/or the activation of B and T lymphocytes specific for self-antigens. Perhaps the most important of these mechanisms is central tolerance, during of which developing ...
... autotoxicus (Silverstein AM, 2001). To circumvent this problem the immune system has developed mechanisms to prevent the generation and/or the activation of B and T lymphocytes specific for self-antigens. Perhaps the most important of these mechanisms is central tolerance, during of which developing ...
ASYMMETRIC CELL DIVISION IN PLANTS
... What is the mechanism for partitioning Prospero and Numb to the appropriate daughter cell? During asymmetric divisions in CNS and PNS, which occur in apical-basal orientation, Numb and Prospero colocalize and form a crescent at the basal cell cortex, suggesting a common mechanism for their partition ...
... What is the mechanism for partitioning Prospero and Numb to the appropriate daughter cell? During asymmetric divisions in CNS and PNS, which occur in apical-basal orientation, Numb and Prospero colocalize and form a crescent at the basal cell cortex, suggesting a common mechanism for their partition ...
Disruption of Zebrafish Somite Development by Pharmacologic
... been demonstrated. Studies of Hsp90 function during vertebrate embryogenesis are complicated by several factors. These include the multigene nature of the vertebrate hsp90 family, including the presence of several pseudogenes (Gupta, 1995), and the fact that Hsp90 probably plays multiple roles at di ...
... been demonstrated. Studies of Hsp90 function during vertebrate embryogenesis are complicated by several factors. These include the multigene nature of the vertebrate hsp90 family, including the presence of several pseudogenes (Gupta, 1995), and the fact that Hsp90 probably plays multiple roles at di ...
Divergent mechanisms underlie Smad4
... degradation of BM in carcinomas has been intensively investigated. It appears to be predominantly executed through proteases expressed mainly by stromal cell types like activated fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, which can be recruited through signals originating from the tumor cells. Molecular me ...
... degradation of BM in carcinomas has been intensively investigated. It appears to be predominantly executed through proteases expressed mainly by stromal cell types like activated fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, which can be recruited through signals originating from the tumor cells. Molecular me ...
Dynamic Interplay between Nucleoid Segregation
... linkage between cp nucleoid micromorphology and the molecular structure and topology of cpDNA. In land plants, cp nucleoid morphology and molecular structure are complex and vary considerably depending on tissue type, developmental stage, age, and environment (Oldenburg and Bendich, 2015). Furthermo ...
... linkage between cp nucleoid micromorphology and the molecular structure and topology of cpDNA. In land plants, cp nucleoid morphology and molecular structure are complex and vary considerably depending on tissue type, developmental stage, age, and environment (Oldenburg and Bendich, 2015). Furthermo ...
Arginase I Production in the Tumor
... San Diego, CA), in the absence of L-Arg for 24 h. The stimulated T cells were then cultured in the upper chamber of a transwell system, which has 0.4-m pores (Falcon-Becton Dickinson). The expression of CD3 in the T cells was tested after 24, 48, and 72 h. Results were expressed as mean fluorescen ...
... San Diego, CA), in the absence of L-Arg for 24 h. The stimulated T cells were then cultured in the upper chamber of a transwell system, which has 0.4-m pores (Falcon-Becton Dickinson). The expression of CD3 in the T cells was tested after 24, 48, and 72 h. Results were expressed as mean fluorescen ...
implications for key virulence factors in Flavobacterium columnare
... Results: Only the Rhizoid morphotype was virulent in rainbow trout. Under electron microscopy, the cells of Rhizoid and Soft morphotypes were observed to display an organised structure within the colony, whereas in the Rough type this internal organisation was absent. Planktonic cells of the Rhizoid ...
... Results: Only the Rhizoid morphotype was virulent in rainbow trout. Under electron microscopy, the cells of Rhizoid and Soft morphotypes were observed to display an organised structure within the colony, whereas in the Rough type this internal organisation was absent. Planktonic cells of the Rhizoid ...
Mechanism of translation of the bicistronic mRNA encoding human
... Fig. 5. Inhibition of E6/E7 translation by antisense oligonudeotides AE6 and AE7 in the presence of RNase H. A control protein, luciferase (62K) was simultaneously translated. The translation reactions were similar to those described in Methods with the exception of the addition of 0.25 lag of the l ...
... Fig. 5. Inhibition of E6/E7 translation by antisense oligonudeotides AE6 and AE7 in the presence of RNase H. A control protein, luciferase (62K) was simultaneously translated. The translation reactions were similar to those described in Methods with the exception of the addition of 0.25 lag of the l ...
Germ lineage specification from a pluripotent primitive ectoderm
... retain the ability to contribute to the ICM when injected into blastocysts and the resulting chimeric mice display ES cell contribution to all tissues including the germ line (Bradley, Evans et al. 1984; Nagy, Rossant et al. 1993). This remarkable feature of ES cells reflects their pluripotency and ...
... retain the ability to contribute to the ICM when injected into blastocysts and the resulting chimeric mice display ES cell contribution to all tissues including the germ line (Bradley, Evans et al. 1984; Nagy, Rossant et al. 1993). This remarkable feature of ES cells reflects their pluripotency and ...
Glycan-independent Role of Calnexin in the Intracellular
... min, the anti-GFP antibody (29) was added. After 3 h on ice, protein A-Sepharose (Amersham Biosciences) was added, and incubation was prolonged for 1 h on ice. After a brief centrifugation in an Eppendorf centrifuge, immunoprecipitates were washed four times with lysis buffer. Immunocomplexes were r ...
... min, the anti-GFP antibody (29) was added. After 3 h on ice, protein A-Sepharose (Amersham Biosciences) was added, and incubation was prolonged for 1 h on ice. After a brief centrifugation in an Eppendorf centrifuge, immunoprecipitates were washed four times with lysis buffer. Immunocomplexes were r ...
Neuroblastoma Neuro-2a Cells Fas/APO
... tumor cells were injected and the injected sites were examined histologically. At 24 h later, abundant leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, infiltrated into and around tumor cells in A/J and C3H mice that were injected with Neuro-2a1FasL cells and underwent swelling (Fig. 4A). Some neutrophils appeared t ...
... tumor cells were injected and the injected sites were examined histologically. At 24 h later, abundant leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, infiltrated into and around tumor cells in A/J and C3H mice that were injected with Neuro-2a1FasL cells and underwent swelling (Fig. 4A). Some neutrophils appeared t ...
Using intrinsically fluorescent proteins for plant cell
... plants and to discuss some important considerations for using IFP to their full potential. It is not our intent to provide a comprehensive review on the use of IFPs and imaging approaches in plant cell biology, but rather to provide a brief guide that will help the new investigator see the potential ...
... plants and to discuss some important considerations for using IFP to their full potential. It is not our intent to provide a comprehensive review on the use of IFPs and imaging approaches in plant cell biology, but rather to provide a brief guide that will help the new investigator see the potential ...
Wood Chemistry - Fundamentals and Application
... The wall composition and structure of differentiated cells in plants are diverse. Sections of plant tissues stained for lignin [69] and viewed with an inverted microscope (panel a) or with fluorescent-tagged antibodies directed against specific polysaccharide epitopes [7!,8] and viewed by fluorescen ...
... The wall composition and structure of differentiated cells in plants are diverse. Sections of plant tissues stained for lignin [69] and viewed with an inverted microscope (panel a) or with fluorescent-tagged antibodies directed against specific polysaccharide epitopes [7!,8] and viewed by fluorescen ...
Chapter 4: Microscopy, Staining, and Classification
... 4. Counterstain: Alcohol is rinsed off. Safranin is applied, which will stain cells that were decolorized. • Gram-negative cells are stained pink. • Gram-positive cells remain purple. ...
... 4. Counterstain: Alcohol is rinsed off. Safranin is applied, which will stain cells that were decolorized. • Gram-negative cells are stained pink. • Gram-positive cells remain purple. ...
Meiosis I
... • Meiosis ensures that the offspring will have the same diploid number as its parent. ...
... • Meiosis ensures that the offspring will have the same diploid number as its parent. ...
Article - Archive ouverte UNIGE
... dermal subpopulations exist within adult skin, and that explant culture in particular may produce heterogeneous fibroblast outgrowth for investigative purposes. One group has recently attempted to tackle this problem by adopting a classification system that separates fibroblasts into a series of dif ...
... dermal subpopulations exist within adult skin, and that explant culture in particular may produce heterogeneous fibroblast outgrowth for investigative purposes. One group has recently attempted to tackle this problem by adopting a classification system that separates fibroblasts into a series of dif ...
Yeast as a screening tool
... also have important limitations: First, most inhibitors identified by such screens primarily inhibit the active form of a kinase. As it has been shown for Gleevec, the adoption of an inactive conformation of the kinases bcr-Abl and PDGFRb is essential for binding [20,21]. As opposed to biochemical a ...
... also have important limitations: First, most inhibitors identified by such screens primarily inhibit the active form of a kinase. As it has been shown for Gleevec, the adoption of an inactive conformation of the kinases bcr-Abl and PDGFRb is essential for binding [20,21]. As opposed to biochemical a ...
filtration of a bacterial fermentation broth: harvest conditions
... sample B2-5 is a broth held at pH 2 during 5 h-aging time. The comparison of data shows that the cake filtration hydraulic resistance is nearly divided by 2 after a minimal aging time of 5 hours for the broth held at pH 3, and 7 hours for broth held at pH 2 where as for broth held at pH 4, the cake ...
... sample B2-5 is a broth held at pH 2 during 5 h-aging time. The comparison of data shows that the cake filtration hydraulic resistance is nearly divided by 2 after a minimal aging time of 5 hours for the broth held at pH 3, and 7 hours for broth held at pH 2 where as for broth held at pH 4, the cake ...
The Amoeboid Parabasalid Flagellate Gigantomonas herculeaof the
... Biologie des Protistes, UMR 6023, CNRS and Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière Cedex, France Summary. The amoeboid form of Gigantomonas herculea (Dogiel 1916, Kirby 1946), a symbiotic flagellate of the grass-eating subterranean termite Hodotermes mossambicus from East Africa, is ob ...
... Biologie des Protistes, UMR 6023, CNRS and Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière Cedex, France Summary. The amoeboid form of Gigantomonas herculea (Dogiel 1916, Kirby 1946), a symbiotic flagellate of the grass-eating subterranean termite Hodotermes mossambicus from East Africa, is ob ...
Signaling networks that regulate muscle development: Lessons from
... Hedgehog signaling in muscle development Hedgehog (Hh) is a secreted signaling protein that acts through at least two proteins, Patched (Ptc) and Smoothened (Smo). Ptc negatively regulates Hh signaling by inhibiting Smo. Hh binding to Ptc relieves this inhibition and allows Smo to transduce the sign ...
... Hedgehog signaling in muscle development Hedgehog (Hh) is a secreted signaling protein that acts through at least two proteins, Patched (Ptc) and Smoothened (Smo). Ptc negatively regulates Hh signaling by inhibiting Smo. Hh binding to Ptc relieves this inhibition and allows Smo to transduce the sign ...
Chapter 1 Literature Review
... Niki et al (2003) used synoviocytes and bone marrow macrophages to evaluate the biological reactions to metal ions potentially released from prosthetic implants. Cells were incubated with different metals (Ni2+, Co2+, Cr3+ and Fe2+) and the following results were reported: The production of IL-1β, I ...
... Niki et al (2003) used synoviocytes and bone marrow macrophages to evaluate the biological reactions to metal ions potentially released from prosthetic implants. Cells were incubated with different metals (Ni2+, Co2+, Cr3+ and Fe2+) and the following results were reported: The production of IL-1β, I ...
Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator Regulates
... and to derepression of target genes. DREAM-dependent transcriptional derepression is also observed after protein kinase A (PKA) activation through a mechanism that involves the interaction of DREAM with phosphorylated ␣-CRE modulator (␣CREM) (Ledo et al., 2000). Moreover, DREAM represses CREdependen ...
... and to derepression of target genes. DREAM-dependent transcriptional derepression is also observed after protein kinase A (PKA) activation through a mechanism that involves the interaction of DREAM with phosphorylated ␣-CRE modulator (␣CREM) (Ledo et al., 2000). Moreover, DREAM represses CREdependen ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.