Factor-1-Deficient Mice IL-15-Deficient and IFN Regulatory 3 Cells
... ment seen in these mice is due to the absence of IL-15R signaling. IL-7⫺/⫺ and IL-7R⫺/⫺ mice have major defects in T cell development, but NK cell development is not compromised (8, 9). IL-7 and IL-7R play a critical role in lymphopoiesis by inducing survival and proliferation of progenitor T lympho ...
... ment seen in these mice is due to the absence of IL-15R signaling. IL-7⫺/⫺ and IL-7R⫺/⫺ mice have major defects in T cell development, but NK cell development is not compromised (8, 9). IL-7 and IL-7R play a critical role in lymphopoiesis by inducing survival and proliferation of progenitor T lympho ...
Intracellular Triggering of Fas Aggregation and Recruitment of
... into rafts coaggregating with Fas and underwent apoptosis. Fas-associated death domain protein, procaspase-8, procaspase-10, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, and Bid were recruited into rafts, linking Fas and mitochondrial signaling routes. Clustering of rafts was necessary but not sufficient for ET-18- ...
... into rafts coaggregating with Fas and underwent apoptosis. Fas-associated death domain protein, procaspase-8, procaspase-10, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, and Bid were recruited into rafts, linking Fas and mitochondrial signaling routes. Clustering of rafts was necessary but not sufficient for ET-18- ...
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... Initiation of the shoot apical meristem during wildtype embryogenesis in Arabidopsis Although general embryonic development has been described in Arabidopsis thaliana (Mansfield and Briarty, 1991), the genesis of the shoot apical meristem was not a focus of these studies. Thus, to obtain a reference ...
... Initiation of the shoot apical meristem during wildtype embryogenesis in Arabidopsis Although general embryonic development has been described in Arabidopsis thaliana (Mansfield and Briarty, 1991), the genesis of the shoot apical meristem was not a focus of these studies. Thus, to obtain a reference ...
A Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Pathway in P. pastoris
... of proteins involved in all autophagy‑related pathways (PpAtg5, PpAtg8, PpAtg9, and PpVps15), or in the absence of two proteins (PpAtg11 and PpVac8) required only for the Cvt pathway in S. cerevisiae (Fig. 2A and B). Whereas in wild‑type cells, PpApe1‑CFP showed substantial maturation and localized ...
... of proteins involved in all autophagy‑related pathways (PpAtg5, PpAtg8, PpAtg9, and PpVps15), or in the absence of two proteins (PpAtg11 and PpVac8) required only for the Cvt pathway in S. cerevisiae (Fig. 2A and B). Whereas in wild‑type cells, PpApe1‑CFP showed substantial maturation and localized ...
Klebsiella pneumoniae survives within macrophages by
... Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ...
... Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ...
Cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cell polarity and bacterial flagellin
... Although the data showed that there were different epithelial responses in terms of altered gene expression during bacterial exposure to the apical versus basolateral surfaces, there were no clear patterns (e.g. gene categories or cell signalling pathways) that emerged from careful inspection of the ...
... Although the data showed that there were different epithelial responses in terms of altered gene expression during bacterial exposure to the apical versus basolateral surfaces, there were no clear patterns (e.g. gene categories or cell signalling pathways) that emerged from careful inspection of the ...
Stress signaling from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
... monoglucosylated forms of the N-linked core structure and promote folding, delay oligomerization, and prevent degradation of some glycoproteins (Hebert et al. 1995, 1996). Prolonged association with calnexin and calreticulin is observed when proteins are unfolded, misfolded, or unable to oligomerize ...
... monoglucosylated forms of the N-linked core structure and promote folding, delay oligomerization, and prevent degradation of some glycoproteins (Hebert et al. 1995, 1996). Prolonged association with calnexin and calreticulin is observed when proteins are unfolded, misfolded, or unable to oligomerize ...
Study of adhesive and invasion capacity of some opportunistic
... The specific interaction between pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria and the host cells could determine in certain conditions the occurrence of infectious diseases. A great number of E. coli strains could induce a great variety of infectious diseases in adult and infant population as: intestinal, u ...
... The specific interaction between pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria and the host cells could determine in certain conditions the occurrence of infectious diseases. A great number of E. coli strains could induce a great variety of infectious diseases in adult and infant population as: intestinal, u ...
Induction of phase 2 enzymes by serum oxidized polyamines
... can cause cytotoxicity [20–22]. Therefore, it is not surprising that cells would possess mechanisms to protect themselves from oxidative damage induced by polyamine metabolites. Nrf2 is a basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), which is found i ...
... can cause cytotoxicity [20–22]. Therefore, it is not surprising that cells would possess mechanisms to protect themselves from oxidative damage induced by polyamine metabolites. Nrf2 is a basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), which is found i ...
Tracing Hematopoietic Precursor Migration to Successive
... was identical to that of c-myb both in location and time course—except that like scl, runx1 was not expressed in the thymus (Figure S3H, and data not shown). Finally, ikaros was first expressed in the trunk DA-PCV joint several hours later than runx1 and c-myb (data not shown), and then its hematopo ...
... was identical to that of c-myb both in location and time course—except that like scl, runx1 was not expressed in the thymus (Figure S3H, and data not shown). Finally, ikaros was first expressed in the trunk DA-PCV joint several hours later than runx1 and c-myb (data not shown), and then its hematopo ...
Cardiac optogenetics - Biomedical Engineering
... microbial opsins, all of which use retinal as a chromophore (light-sensing element). Unlike BR, ChR2 is a classical ion channel (not an active pump) and upon opening it conducts cations along the electrochemical gradient. The chromophore, all-trans-retinal, is covalently bound to the ion channel, an ...
... microbial opsins, all of which use retinal as a chromophore (light-sensing element). Unlike BR, ChR2 is a classical ion channel (not an active pump) and upon opening it conducts cations along the electrochemical gradient. The chromophore, all-trans-retinal, is covalently bound to the ion channel, an ...
Three-Dimensional Organization of Drosophila melanogaster
... UKARYOTIC cells use a variety of mechanisms to ensure that genes are expressed in the cell types in which their products are required. The relative activity ofa gene in different cell types can vary over at least eight orders of magnitude (31). It has been proposed that the specific positioning of g ...
... UKARYOTIC cells use a variety of mechanisms to ensure that genes are expressed in the cell types in which their products are required. The relative activity ofa gene in different cell types can vary over at least eight orders of magnitude (31). It has been proposed that the specific positioning of g ...
Influence of salinity on the localization of Na+/K+
... for Na+/K+-ATPase (Fig.·1). Their size, shape and location significantly in response to increased salinity (13–27%; Fig.·3). indicated that these were mitochondrion-rich chloride cells. No Chloride cells on the secondary lamellae were more flattened other cell types in the gill were stained above ba ...
... for Na+/K+-ATPase (Fig.·1). Their size, shape and location significantly in response to increased salinity (13–27%; Fig.·3). indicated that these were mitochondrion-rich chloride cells. No Chloride cells on the secondary lamellae were more flattened other cell types in the gill were stained above ba ...
Induction and Activation of Plant Secondary Metabolism by External
... chromatography, the activity was found to be distributed in many fractions, suggesting that the elicitor consists not of a single molecule but a mixture of several active substances. This result led us to examine whether or not these elicitors share a common signalling mechanism. Ca2+ is an importan ...
... chromatography, the activity was found to be distributed in many fractions, suggesting that the elicitor consists not of a single molecule but a mixture of several active substances. This result led us to examine whether or not these elicitors share a common signalling mechanism. Ca2+ is an importan ...
The Arabidopsis TRM1-TON1 interaction reveals a recruitment
... (Figure 2), plus a few isolated ones. Apart from the six motifs, no significant similarity is detectable between groups. TRMs are rather large (80 kD on average) and charged proteins, covering a large range of pI from 4.3 to 10.6. They often contain a large positively charged domain of 150 to 300 re ...
... (Figure 2), plus a few isolated ones. Apart from the six motifs, no significant similarity is detectable between groups. TRMs are rather large (80 kD on average) and charged proteins, covering a large range of pI from 4.3 to 10.6. They often contain a large positively charged domain of 150 to 300 re ...
The Arabidopsis TRM1-TON1 interaction reveals a recruitment
... (Figure 2), plus a few isolated ones. Apart from the six motifs, no significant similarity is detectable between groups. TRMs are rather large (80 kD on average) and charged proteins, covering a large range of pI from 4.3 to 10.6. They often contain a large positively charged domain of 150 to 300 re ...
... (Figure 2), plus a few isolated ones. Apart from the six motifs, no significant similarity is detectable between groups. TRMs are rather large (80 kD on average) and charged proteins, covering a large range of pI from 4.3 to 10.6. They often contain a large positively charged domain of 150 to 300 re ...
Marrow-Derived Facilitating Cells Transplantation: Role of Bone
... cell (SC) reconstitution with resulting transplantation tolerance across complete MHC barriers without clinical or histological evidence of GVHD (3– 6). Therefore, FC permit the reconstitution of the donor immune system within allogeneic recipients. However, the mechanisms associated with donor FC f ...
... cell (SC) reconstitution with resulting transplantation tolerance across complete MHC barriers without clinical or histological evidence of GVHD (3– 6). Therefore, FC permit the reconstitution of the donor immune system within allogeneic recipients. However, the mechanisms associated with donor FC f ...
MUC1 is a novel costimulatory molecule of human T cells and
... comparison with CD8⫹ T cells. The cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 contains both immune tyrosine– based activation and inhibitory motifs; therefore, we investigated whether MUC1 can also act as a costimulatory molecule on human T cells. Nonpurified T-cell cultures from human peripheral blood exhibited enhanc ...
... comparison with CD8⫹ T cells. The cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 contains both immune tyrosine– based activation and inhibitory motifs; therefore, we investigated whether MUC1 can also act as a costimulatory molecule on human T cells. Nonpurified T-cell cultures from human peripheral blood exhibited enhanc ...
Running title: Mode of Bactericidal Action of the Jatropha curcas
... wood extracts inhibited E. coli E216. At half MIC, the µ24 (decrease in cell viability after 24h) for S. aureus S1434 was 69 and 66%, while that of E. coli E216 were 44 and 42% in the presence of kernel meal and leaves extract, respectively. However at double MIC, less than 5% of viable cells of S. ...
... wood extracts inhibited E. coli E216. At half MIC, the µ24 (decrease in cell viability after 24h) for S. aureus S1434 was 69 and 66%, while that of E. coli E216 were 44 and 42% in the presence of kernel meal and leaves extract, respectively. However at double MIC, less than 5% of viable cells of S. ...
Isolates of Vaccinia Virus Strains, Smallpox Vaccines, and Zoonotic
... MHC class I through their TCR (1, 2). Virus infection can result in many epitopes being presented to CD8+ T cells, but their immunogenicity varies over orders of magnitude (3). Epitopes that elicit a strong CD8+ T cell response can be considered immunodominant, whereas others that induce a smaller b ...
... MHC class I through their TCR (1, 2). Virus infection can result in many epitopes being presented to CD8+ T cells, but their immunogenicity varies over orders of magnitude (3). Epitopes that elicit a strong CD8+ T cell response can be considered immunodominant, whereas others that induce a smaller b ...
Mechanisms of size control Christopher J Potter* and
... would appear that a major mechanism to regulate organ size would be a monitor of organ mass. The preceding studies suggest that these known methods of regulating cell proliferation can be separated from organ size control. However, differences in organ size between species are most often a result of ...
... would appear that a major mechanism to regulate organ size would be a monitor of organ mass. The preceding studies suggest that these known methods of regulating cell proliferation can be separated from organ size control. However, differences in organ size between species are most often a result of ...
Regulative germ cell specification in axolotl embryos: a primitive trait
... Over 100 years ago, Weismann (1885) proposed the concept that germ plasm, a specialized region of egg cytoplasm, would contain sufficient material to direct the establishment of the germ cell lineage during embryonic development. Since that time, germ plasm has been identified in the eggs of many sp ...
... Over 100 years ago, Weismann (1885) proposed the concept that germ plasm, a specialized region of egg cytoplasm, would contain sufficient material to direct the establishment of the germ cell lineage during embryonic development. Since that time, germ plasm has been identified in the eggs of many sp ...
Early Event of Sexual Induction in Volvox: Chemical Modification of
... is almost completely unknown. The ultimate target of inducer action obviously is the reproductive cell (gonidium) of the asexual spheroid, which responds by cleaving to produce a sexual rather than an asexual offspring. However, the first biochemical response detected so far is a structural alterati ...
... is almost completely unknown. The ultimate target of inducer action obviously is the reproductive cell (gonidium) of the asexual spheroid, which responds by cleaving to produce a sexual rather than an asexual offspring. However, the first biochemical response detected so far is a structural alterati ...
Direct interaction of FtsZ and MreB is required for septum synthesis
... Van Teeffelen et al, 2011). Biochemical characterisation of MreB has been difficult; although this family of proteins can form filaments in vitro, their dynamics are far from fully understood. However, solved crystal structures have provided insights into the biochemical properties of MreB including i ...
... Van Teeffelen et al, 2011). Biochemical characterisation of MreB has been difficult; although this family of proteins can form filaments in vitro, their dynamics are far from fully understood. However, solved crystal structures have provided insights into the biochemical properties of MreB including i ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.