Title Non-coding functions of alternative pre-mRNA - DR-NTU
... Intron 1 in the 5’UTR of mRNA encoding chick proinsulin, an insulin precursor essential for proper development and metabolism, is increasingly retained during embryogenesis, thus reducing mRNA translational activity and lowering proinsulin production [36]. This intron-retaining isoform is up-regulat ...
... Intron 1 in the 5’UTR of mRNA encoding chick proinsulin, an insulin precursor essential for proper development and metabolism, is increasingly retained during embryogenesis, thus reducing mRNA translational activity and lowering proinsulin production [36]. This intron-retaining isoform is up-regulat ...
CML cells actively evade host immune surveillance
... although no convincing results have been reported.7, 8 Similarly, it is not known whether immune recognition by the patient’s immune system is playing a part in maintaining remission of non-relapsing patients in whom TKI treatment is discontinued. While CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are conside ...
... although no convincing results have been reported.7, 8 Similarly, it is not known whether immune recognition by the patient’s immune system is playing a part in maintaining remission of non-relapsing patients in whom TKI treatment is discontinued. While CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are conside ...
Medullary thymic epithelial cell depletion leads to autoimmune
... of plasma cells and anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANAs). In addition to the histological manifestations discussed above, development of AIH in humans correlates with increased presence of plasma cells in intrahepatic inflammatory lesions as well as elevated total serum Ig levels and organ-specific an ...
... of plasma cells and anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANAs). In addition to the histological manifestations discussed above, development of AIH in humans correlates with increased presence of plasma cells in intrahepatic inflammatory lesions as well as elevated total serum Ig levels and organ-specific an ...
An Isotype-specific Activator of Major Histocompatibility Complex
... (EMSA)1 followed by protein purification or, more recently, by complementation/expression cloning. The latter process has taken advantage of the existence of both MHC class II CID patient- and experimentally derived mutant cell lines that do not express class II genes but can be induced to do so up ...
... (EMSA)1 followed by protein purification or, more recently, by complementation/expression cloning. The latter process has taken advantage of the existence of both MHC class II CID patient- and experimentally derived mutant cell lines that do not express class II genes but can be induced to do so up ...
The GARP complex is required for cellular sphingolipid homeostasis
... four of five subunits of retromer (vps17Δ, pep8Δ, vps35Δ, vps29Δ; Figure 1B). In addition, our screen identified two of the three SNARE proteins important for GARP-dependent trafficking (tlg2Δ, vti1DAMP) and VPS63, a gene overlapping almost completely with the GTPase YPT6 that is involved in Golgi-e ...
... four of five subunits of retromer (vps17Δ, pep8Δ, vps35Δ, vps29Δ; Figure 1B). In addition, our screen identified two of the three SNARE proteins important for GARP-dependent trafficking (tlg2Δ, vti1DAMP) and VPS63, a gene overlapping almost completely with the GTPase YPT6 that is involved in Golgi-e ...
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... results in SS alone not being capable of efficiently directing spliceosomal assembly. SR and hnRNP proteins are therefore required to manage and direct the spliceosome [5]. SR proteins bind with low affinity and specificity to both the pre-mRNA and other Arginine (R)-Serine (S) (RS) domain containin ...
... results in SS alone not being capable of efficiently directing spliceosomal assembly. SR and hnRNP proteins are therefore required to manage and direct the spliceosome [5]. SR proteins bind with low affinity and specificity to both the pre-mRNA and other Arginine (R)-Serine (S) (RS) domain containin ...
Transcriptional Control of Endothelial Cell Development
... and KLF6 are also expressed in endothelial cells, and their expression is increased by sheer stress and vascular injury (Atkins and Jain, 2007; Botella et al., 2002; Hamik et al., 2007; Kojima et al., 2000; Yet et al., 1998). Interestingly, Krüppel-like factors are also expressed in endothelial cel ...
... and KLF6 are also expressed in endothelial cells, and their expression is increased by sheer stress and vascular injury (Atkins and Jain, 2007; Botella et al., 2002; Hamik et al., 2007; Kojima et al., 2000; Yet et al., 1998). Interestingly, Krüppel-like factors are also expressed in endothelial cel ...
Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications
... now know that this is indeed the case. Modifications not only regulate chromatin structure by merely being there, but they also recruit remodelling enzymes that utilize the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to reposition nucleosomes. The recruitment of proteins and complexes with specific en ...
... now know that this is indeed the case. Modifications not only regulate chromatin structure by merely being there, but they also recruit remodelling enzymes that utilize the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to reposition nucleosomes. The recruitment of proteins and complexes with specific en ...
Specific localization of nesprin-1-α2, the short isoform of nesprin
... related gene, SYNE2, which encodes nesprin-2 [1, 2]. The protein products originally identified were, in fact, shorter C-terminal isoforms of larger proteins, nesprin1-giant (1008kD) and nesprin-2-giant (792kD) [2–4]. The SYNE1 gene on human chromosome 6q25 is also known as MYNE1 [5] or Enaptin [6] ...
... related gene, SYNE2, which encodes nesprin-2 [1, 2]. The protein products originally identified were, in fact, shorter C-terminal isoforms of larger proteins, nesprin1-giant (1008kD) and nesprin-2-giant (792kD) [2–4]. The SYNE1 gene on human chromosome 6q25 is also known as MYNE1 [5] or Enaptin [6] ...
Intracellular Signals Direct Integrin Localization to Sites of Function
... to extracellular ligands, they become clustered, which by itself induces increased tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins (Miyamoto et al., 1995). If this phosphorylation is required for the formation of focal adhesions, then the clustering is another key step initiated by the extracellu ...
... to extracellular ligands, they become clustered, which by itself induces increased tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins (Miyamoto et al., 1995). If this phosphorylation is required for the formation of focal adhesions, then the clustering is another key step initiated by the extracellu ...
Complex networks orchestrate epithelial–mesenchymal transitions
... mechanisms that cells use to regulate EMT. However, EMT is a dynamic process that involves many overlapping regulatory pathways as well as intra- and intercellular events, and interdisciplinary approaches are required to understand this complex regulation. For example, the dynamic formation and diss ...
... mechanisms that cells use to regulate EMT. However, EMT is a dynamic process that involves many overlapping regulatory pathways as well as intra- and intercellular events, and interdisciplinary approaches are required to understand this complex regulation. For example, the dynamic formation and diss ...
Visualization of the moonlighting protein CD26DPPIV - UvA-DARE
... Many enzymes, and particularly proteases, are present in cells and tissue compartments in an inactive form because they are either synthesized as precursors that have little if any catalytic activity and need postrranslational activation or they are bound to an endogenous inhibitor. The inactive enz ...
... Many enzymes, and particularly proteases, are present in cells and tissue compartments in an inactive form because they are either synthesized as precursors that have little if any catalytic activity and need postrranslational activation or they are bound to an endogenous inhibitor. The inactive enz ...
Thinking about Bacillus subtilis as a multicellular organism
... strain used [9,15,16]. Different isolates obtained from the environment as well as different strains used in industry, such as B. subtilis natto (extensively used in Japan for the production of a food product derived from fermented soybeans), display a wide range of colony morphologies [17]. It is ...
... strain used [9,15,16]. Different isolates obtained from the environment as well as different strains used in industry, such as B. subtilis natto (extensively used in Japan for the production of a food product derived from fermented soybeans), display a wide range of colony morphologies [17]. It is ...
- PlantingScience
... Matter is transported into, out of, and within systems (5-‐LS1-‐1) A system can be described in terms of its components and their interactions (5-‐LS2-‐1) Phenomena that can be observed at one scale ...
... Matter is transported into, out of, and within systems (5-‐LS1-‐1) A system can be described in terms of its components and their interactions (5-‐LS2-‐1) Phenomena that can be observed at one scale ...
Soma-germline asymmetry in the distributions of
... Fixed embryos on slides were prehybridized in three steps: (1) 10 minutes at room temperature in a 1:1 mix of PTw and hybridization buffer; (2) 10 minutes at room temperature in undiluted hybridization buffer; (3) 1-4 hours at 48°C in previously boiled hybridization buffer. 30 µl of probe was applie ...
... Fixed embryos on slides were prehybridized in three steps: (1) 10 minutes at room temperature in a 1:1 mix of PTw and hybridization buffer; (2) 10 minutes at room temperature in undiluted hybridization buffer; (3) 1-4 hours at 48°C in previously boiled hybridization buffer. 30 µl of probe was applie ...
Minimally invasive determination of mRNA
... fluorescent marker such as GFP, whose concentration can be quantified with FCS in a living single cell. Recently, we used a FCS-based assay to measure high concentrations of a non-coding RNA in single living bacteria (9). However, it is not known if this method is applicable to the detection of active ...
... fluorescent marker such as GFP, whose concentration can be quantified with FCS in a living single cell. Recently, we used a FCS-based assay to measure high concentrations of a non-coding RNA in single living bacteria (9). However, it is not known if this method is applicable to the detection of active ...
Cellular origin of the basement membrane in embryonic chicken
... basal lamina as well as of the interstitial reticular layer (pars fibroreticularis) has been demonstrated in several systems. However. difficulties in interpreting results obtained by light microscopy often stem from the facts that it is difficult to discern the basal lamina from the basement membra ...
... basal lamina as well as of the interstitial reticular layer (pars fibroreticularis) has been demonstrated in several systems. However. difficulties in interpreting results obtained by light microscopy often stem from the facts that it is difficult to discern the basal lamina from the basement membra ...
When cells get stressed: an integrative view of cellular
... Senescence is thus induced at a midway point of telomere shortening. This provokes questions regarding the nature of the molecular changes that occur at the telomeres at this point, and the manner by which these changes activate the senescence program. Different models have been proposed to explain ...
... Senescence is thus induced at a midway point of telomere shortening. This provokes questions regarding the nature of the molecular changes that occur at the telomeres at this point, and the manner by which these changes activate the senescence program. Different models have been proposed to explain ...
Liu_umd_0117E_10287 - University of Maryland Libraries
... the level of FcRn itself will affect the IgG-associated immune responses. Although FcRn is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types, the extent to which FcRn expression is regulated by immunological and inflammatory events remains unknown.I showed here that FcRn was up-regulated by the stimu ...
... the level of FcRn itself will affect the IgG-associated immune responses. Although FcRn is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types, the extent to which FcRn expression is regulated by immunological and inflammatory events remains unknown.I showed here that FcRn was up-regulated by the stimu ...
Sites of Synthesis of Urokinase and Tissue
... Plasminogen activators (PAs)' are serine proteases that convert plasminogen, a widely distributed zymogen, into plasmin, a trypsin-like protease of broad specificity. Two types of PAs have been identified in mammalian cells: they are produced from two related but distinct genes and are referred to a ...
... Plasminogen activators (PAs)' are serine proteases that convert plasminogen, a widely distributed zymogen, into plasmin, a trypsin-like protease of broad specificity. Two types of PAs have been identified in mammalian cells: they are produced from two related but distinct genes and are referred to a ...
negative Drug-resistant Cell Lines Using Laser
... deoxyglucose, which inhibits energy-dependent processes (11, 13). We have also examined the possibility that similar DNR transport pathways and mechanisms exist in P-glycoproteinpositive P388/ADR (14), KBV-1 (15), and MCF-7/ADR (5) cell lines and in their drug-sensitive counterparts. ...
... deoxyglucose, which inhibits energy-dependent processes (11, 13). We have also examined the possibility that similar DNR transport pathways and mechanisms exist in P-glycoproteinpositive P388/ADR (14), KBV-1 (15), and MCF-7/ADR (5) cell lines and in their drug-sensitive counterparts. ...
Introduction-to-OBO - Buffalo Ontology Site
... Recommendation: Ontology developers should register their claim on territory not yet unoccupied, as soon as possible, because the Foundry is designed to serve as an attractor for collaboration ...
... Recommendation: Ontology developers should register their claim on territory not yet unoccupied, as soon as possible, because the Foundry is designed to serve as an attractor for collaboration ...
Zhang YA, Okada A, Lew CH, McConnell SK
... may be initiated by the entry of Otx1 into the nucleus. The regulated translocation of transcription factors, including homeodomain proteins, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus is an increasingly common theme in developmental biology. Transcription factors and other large proteins are transported a ...
... may be initiated by the entry of Otx1 into the nucleus. The regulated translocation of transcription factors, including homeodomain proteins, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus is an increasingly common theme in developmental biology. Transcription factors and other large proteins are transported a ...
Document
... heart with an abnormal third chamber, diminished looping, and impaired valve formation, demonstrating that shear stress is important for cushion formation [52]. Since these fish still have a heartbeat, these results raised the question of whether myocardial function is required for heart development. ...
... heart with an abnormal third chamber, diminished looping, and impaired valve formation, demonstrating that shear stress is important for cushion formation [52]. Since these fish still have a heartbeat, these results raised the question of whether myocardial function is required for heart development. ...
Diffusion of Green Fluorescent Protein in Three Cell
... clipping at the C terminus, but there is no indication that the intact GFP domain can be excised. Thus, we can be confident that all the GFP fluorescence seen in the transformant originates from the TatA-GFP fusion (19). We used qualitative FRAP to show that dispersed material diffuses freely, where ...
... clipping at the C terminus, but there is no indication that the intact GFP domain can be excised. Thus, we can be confident that all the GFP fluorescence seen in the transformant originates from the TatA-GFP fusion (19). We used qualitative FRAP to show that dispersed material diffuses freely, where ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.