(6R)-hydroxy-BFA in tobacco and Arabidopsis
... BFA compartments are produced in both tobacco and Arabidopsis, but of different sizes Whereas, in mammalian cells, the TGN and EE are separate organelles, in higher plants the TGN also functions as an EE (Dettmer et al., 2006; Lam et al., 2009; Otegui and Spitzer, 2008). In addition, the TGN is not ...
... BFA compartments are produced in both tobacco and Arabidopsis, but of different sizes Whereas, in mammalian cells, the TGN and EE are separate organelles, in higher plants the TGN also functions as an EE (Dettmer et al., 2006; Lam et al., 2009; Otegui and Spitzer, 2008). In addition, the TGN is not ...
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy
... Intensity-based FRET imaging microscopy suffers from various drawbacks, including autofluorescence, detector noise, optical noise, and photobleaching. In addition, spectral bleedthrough (SBT) or contributions of donor and acceptor fluorescence emission into the FRET channel is a major problem. Due t ...
... Intensity-based FRET imaging microscopy suffers from various drawbacks, including autofluorescence, detector noise, optical noise, and photobleaching. In addition, spectral bleedthrough (SBT) or contributions of donor and acceptor fluorescence emission into the FRET channel is a major problem. Due t ...
Chlamydia effector proteins and new insights into chlamydial
... with C. trachomatis serovar E has been shown to be accompanied by lysosome-mediated repair of the plasma membrane [18]. Throughout the infectious cycle Chlamydiae modulate many other cellular functions. Prominent among these is the disruption of apoptotic programs that are central to innate immune r ...
... with C. trachomatis serovar E has been shown to be accompanied by lysosome-mediated repair of the plasma membrane [18]. Throughout the infectious cycle Chlamydiae modulate many other cellular functions. Prominent among these is the disruption of apoptotic programs that are central to innate immune r ...
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... properties and secretion pattern of exopolymeric substances (EPS) of Micrococcus luteus grown under normal as well as simulated microgravity conditions. The aim was to correlate these parameters with the ability of the bacteria to attach and form biofilm. Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, nonmo ...
... properties and secretion pattern of exopolymeric substances (EPS) of Micrococcus luteus grown under normal as well as simulated microgravity conditions. The aim was to correlate these parameters with the ability of the bacteria to attach and form biofilm. Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, nonmo ...
Reconciling an archaeal origin of eukaryotes with engulfment: a
... definition constituents of the crown, whereas the evolution of those features fully formed and present in LECA must predate the diversification of modern eukaryotes (Poole and Penny, 2007a). Under an archaeal origin of eukaryotes (Fig. 1, Panel B) the evolution of all features in Table 1 can be read ...
... definition constituents of the crown, whereas the evolution of those features fully formed and present in LECA must predate the diversification of modern eukaryotes (Poole and Penny, 2007a). Under an archaeal origin of eukaryotes (Fig. 1, Panel B) the evolution of all features in Table 1 can be read ...
Document
... Cell Compartments • The bubble that forms from the Golgi complex membrane is a vesicle. A vesicle is a small sac that surrounds material to be moved into or out of cell. • Vesicles also move material within a cell. Vesicles carry new proteins from the ER to the Golgi complex. Other vesicles distribu ...
... Cell Compartments • The bubble that forms from the Golgi complex membrane is a vesicle. A vesicle is a small sac that surrounds material to be moved into or out of cell. • Vesicles also move material within a cell. Vesicles carry new proteins from the ER to the Golgi complex. Other vesicles distribu ...
Biophys-85_R1
... In tracheal smooth muscle tissues isolated from guinea pigs, ATP enhances methacholine-induced contraction [38]. This agonist-synergism of purinergic and muscarinic receptors mediated by the Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile proteins [38] may lead to airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma. ...
... In tracheal smooth muscle tissues isolated from guinea pigs, ATP enhances methacholine-induced contraction [38]. This agonist-synergism of purinergic and muscarinic receptors mediated by the Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile proteins [38] may lead to airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma. ...
Function of BMPs and BMP Antagonists in Adult Bone
... signaling and their roles are implicated not only in development but also in some diseases.9 In bone tissues Wnt signaling is designated as a required factor and sometimes a mediator of BMP action during normal bone remodeling. Extracellular Wnt ligands interact with a host of secreted antagonists, ...
... signaling and their roles are implicated not only in development but also in some diseases.9 In bone tissues Wnt signaling is designated as a required factor and sometimes a mediator of BMP action during normal bone remodeling. Extracellular Wnt ligands interact with a host of secreted antagonists, ...
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... the developmental period, together with a smaller amount of BuChE which increased more rapidly in comparison with the AChE activity from stage 25 to 32 H.H. Cholinesterase activity was histochemically localized mainly in interacting tissues, such as the ectoderm (including the apical ectodermal ridg ...
... the developmental period, together with a smaller amount of BuChE which increased more rapidly in comparison with the AChE activity from stage 25 to 32 H.H. Cholinesterase activity was histochemically localized mainly in interacting tissues, such as the ectoderm (including the apical ectodermal ridg ...
Plant Soil
... that the tetraglucosamine itself, without its fatty acid, after being ballistically targeted into plant cells, elicits cell divisions and nodule primordium formation (Spaink et al., 1995), suggesting that an intracellular receptor may exist. In addition, a number of Nod factor-degrading enzymes are ...
... that the tetraglucosamine itself, without its fatty acid, after being ballistically targeted into plant cells, elicits cell divisions and nodule primordium formation (Spaink et al., 1995), suggesting that an intracellular receptor may exist. In addition, a number of Nod factor-degrading enzymes are ...
Cunningham_etal_2012_Experimental
... fossils have been widely interpreted as metazoan embryos, based on the complex nature of their cell structure and the similarity of their morphology to features of modern animal embryos, including reductive cell division, a bounding membrane comparable with a metazoan fertilization envelope, large s ...
... fossils have been widely interpreted as metazoan embryos, based on the complex nature of their cell structure and the similarity of their morphology to features of modern animal embryos, including reductive cell division, a bounding membrane comparable with a metazoan fertilization envelope, large s ...
Biofuel cells and their development - ePrints Soton
... 2003a), and also a biofuel cell has been employed as the stomach of a mobile robotic platform ‘Gastronome’, designed as the precursor to autonomous robots that can scavenge their fuel from their surroundings (gastrobots). The original Gastronome ‘eats’ sugar cubes fed to it manually (Wilkinson, 2000 ...
... 2003a), and also a biofuel cell has been employed as the stomach of a mobile robotic platform ‘Gastronome’, designed as the precursor to autonomous robots that can scavenge their fuel from their surroundings (gastrobots). The original Gastronome ‘eats’ sugar cubes fed to it manually (Wilkinson, 2000 ...
Database Machine
... Success of SAN caches is built upon predictive analytics They work well, if a small percentage of disk accessed most often - The emphasis is on disk; not data Most database systems - Are way bigger than caches - Need to get the data to the memory to process --> I/O at the disk level is still h ...
... Success of SAN caches is built upon predictive analytics They work well, if a small percentage of disk accessed most often - The emphasis is on disk; not data Most database systems - Are way bigger than caches - Need to get the data to the memory to process --> I/O at the disk level is still h ...
Gene expression profiling of Escherichia coli growth transitions: an
... and a total of 686 400 independent gene expression measurements. It is worth noting what kinds of information can or cannot be obtained by gene expression profiling. This method provides a semi-quantitative measure of the relative level of individual mRNAs in a total RNA sample, irrespective of thei ...
... and a total of 686 400 independent gene expression measurements. It is worth noting what kinds of information can or cannot be obtained by gene expression profiling. This method provides a semi-quantitative measure of the relative level of individual mRNAs in a total RNA sample, irrespective of thei ...
Supplemental Results
... pausing and abortive RNA synthesis. As a consequence of decreased pausing, these substitutions should also impair Q antitermination function. To test these predictions, we purified 70 A370F and 70 A370Y and assayed the corresponding reconstituted RNAP holoenzymes in vitro. We examined the effects ...
... pausing and abortive RNA synthesis. As a consequence of decreased pausing, these substitutions should also impair Q antitermination function. To test these predictions, we purified 70 A370F and 70 A370Y and assayed the corresponding reconstituted RNAP holoenzymes in vitro. We examined the effects ...
Roles of hepatic stellate cells in liver inflammation: a new perspective
... CD4+ T cell trafficking to liver parenchyma. While CD4+ T cells were scattered in the parenchyma of the liver of ConA-treated mice, the cells failed to enter the liver parenchyma and formed clusters in periportal connective tissues in BW245C-administered, ConA-treated mice. Similar to skin pericytes ...
... CD4+ T cell trafficking to liver parenchyma. While CD4+ T cells were scattered in the parenchyma of the liver of ConA-treated mice, the cells failed to enter the liver parenchyma and formed clusters in periportal connective tissues in BW245C-administered, ConA-treated mice. Similar to skin pericytes ...
Stored Red Blood Cell Transfusion Induces Regulatory T Cells
... the immune modulation of ABT because it results in progressive accumulation of immunologic mediators until the last day at which the PRBCs can be transfused (day 42).7-10 Prestorage leukoreduction (LR) has been proposed to ameliorate immunosuppression from donor leukocytes or donor leukocyte-derived ...
... the immune modulation of ABT because it results in progressive accumulation of immunologic mediators until the last day at which the PRBCs can be transfused (day 42).7-10 Prestorage leukoreduction (LR) has been proposed to ameliorate immunosuppression from donor leukocytes or donor leukocyte-derived ...
pH and Cancer: Acidic pH Levels Can Lead To Cancer
... The process of alkalizing cancer cells is slower and less effective than making them too acidic, because cancer cells naturally neutralize pH buildup with their lactic acid production. All cells, including cancer cells, die if they either get too alkaline or too acidic. So to explain again, cancer c ...
... The process of alkalizing cancer cells is slower and less effective than making them too acidic, because cancer cells naturally neutralize pH buildup with their lactic acid production. All cells, including cancer cells, die if they either get too alkaline or too acidic. So to explain again, cancer c ...
Journal of Biotechnology Rapid and highly efficient mammalian cell
... at room temperature for 15 min and then added to the cells. For Cas9 mRNA transfection, 0.5 g Cas9 mRNA (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was added to 25 l of Opti-MEM, followed by addition of 50–100 ng gRNA. Meanwhile, 2 l of either Lipofectamine 3000, MessengerMax or RNAiMAX was diluted into 25 l of O ...
... at room temperature for 15 min and then added to the cells. For Cas9 mRNA transfection, 0.5 g Cas9 mRNA (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was added to 25 l of Opti-MEM, followed by addition of 50–100 ng gRNA. Meanwhile, 2 l of either Lipofectamine 3000, MessengerMax or RNAiMAX was diluted into 25 l of O ...
siRNA Screen Identifies Trafficking Host Factors that Modulate
... rates (S2A and B Fig). None of the treatment conditions in either assays resulted in cytotoxicity. ...
... rates (S2A and B Fig). None of the treatment conditions in either assays resulted in cytotoxicity. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Imaging PtdIns4P dynamics 357 pathogen interactions and apoptosis (Gozani et al., 2003; Pendaries et al., 2006). PtdIns3P accounts for approximately 10% of a plant’s 32P-labelled PtdInsP pool (Meijer et al., 2001; Munnik et al., 1994a,b). In yeast and mammalian cells, PtdIns3P is an important regul ...
... Imaging PtdIns4P dynamics 357 pathogen interactions and apoptosis (Gozani et al., 2003; Pendaries et al., 2006). PtdIns3P accounts for approximately 10% of a plant’s 32P-labelled PtdInsP pool (Meijer et al., 2001; Munnik et al., 1994a,b). In yeast and mammalian cells, PtdIns3P is an important regul ...
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... Golgi stacks. They are then subject to modification and further glycosylation in the lumen of the Golgi cisternae before being packaged into vesicles again and transported to the cell surface along a default pathway (Denecke et al., 1990) or targeted to other cellular compartments (Chrispeels, 1991; ...
... Golgi stacks. They are then subject to modification and further glycosylation in the lumen of the Golgi cisternae before being packaged into vesicles again and transported to the cell surface along a default pathway (Denecke et al., 1990) or targeted to other cellular compartments (Chrispeels, 1991; ...
Using extracellular matrix for regenerative medicine in the spinal
... specific binding interactions may engender contrary effects (i.e. tenascin and tenascineglycoprotein conjugates may either promote or inhibit axonal growth) [50]. It is important to appreciate that the ECM of embryonic, postnatal and adult spinal cord tissue is different. For example, PNN appear only ...
... specific binding interactions may engender contrary effects (i.e. tenascin and tenascineglycoprotein conjugates may either promote or inhibit axonal growth) [50]. It is important to appreciate that the ECM of embryonic, postnatal and adult spinal cord tissue is different. For example, PNN appear only ...
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... et al., 2007). To address this issue in the myeloid population, gata4, gata5 or gata6 morpholinos were injected individually. The expression of both l-plastin and mpx was much less severely downregulated in all three individual morphants than in morphants in which all three were lost together (compa ...
... et al., 2007). To address this issue in the myeloid population, gata4, gata5 or gata6 morpholinos were injected individually. The expression of both l-plastin and mpx was much less severely downregulated in all three individual morphants than in morphants in which all three were lost together (compa ...
Directional Gravity Sensing in Gravitropism
... that the relative directional change of gravity is detected by specialized cells called statocytes, and this is followed by signal conversion from physical information to physiological information within the statocytes. Subsequently, the signal is transmitted to the neighboring cells and other tissu ...
... that the relative directional change of gravity is detected by specialized cells called statocytes, and this is followed by signal conversion from physical information to physiological information within the statocytes. Subsequently, the signal is transmitted to the neighboring cells and other tissu ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.