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... mal conditions? (B) Is that the genes for hyaluronidase Streptococcal cells[8]. It has been estimated that for a are substantially regulated??? Such that it doesn’t de- group of 100 Streptococcus pyogenes strains only 23 grade its own HA under normal conditions or (C) Is are capable of producing the ...
... mal conditions? (B) Is that the genes for hyaluronidase Streptococcal cells[8]. It has been estimated that for a are substantially regulated??? Such that it doesn’t de- group of 100 Streptococcus pyogenes strains only 23 grade its own HA under normal conditions or (C) Is are capable of producing the ...
Journal of Cell Science • Advance article Rop, the
... vesicle delivery to the ingressing furrow occurs in these cells, suggesting an important role for vesicle trafficking in cytokinesis in this cell type (Albertson et al., 2008). To identify and characterize vesicle trafficking genes and other factors important for cytokinesis, we screened embryos hom ...
... vesicle delivery to the ingressing furrow occurs in these cells, suggesting an important role for vesicle trafficking in cytokinesis in this cell type (Albertson et al., 2008). To identify and characterize vesicle trafficking genes and other factors important for cytokinesis, we screened embryos hom ...
Functional Utrastructure of Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) Digestive
... structure and function of the secretory hairs of Genlisea traps. This report demonstrates the application of cryo-SEM for fast imaging of whole, physically fixed plant secretory structures. † Key Results and Conclusion The concentration of digestive hairs along vascular bundles in subgenus Genlisea ...
... structure and function of the secretory hairs of Genlisea traps. This report demonstrates the application of cryo-SEM for fast imaging of whole, physically fixed plant secretory structures. † Key Results and Conclusion The concentration of digestive hairs along vascular bundles in subgenus Genlisea ...
Light Modulates the Biosynthesis and
... carboxysome numbers. The light dependence of carboxysome content was further substantiated by transmission electron microscopy results of wild-type Synechococcus cells (Fig. 2B; Supplemental Fig. S3). The numbers and positioning of carboxysomes in the cell were statistically analyzed based on the co ...
... carboxysome numbers. The light dependence of carboxysome content was further substantiated by transmission electron microscopy results of wild-type Synechococcus cells (Fig. 2B; Supplemental Fig. S3). The numbers and positioning of carboxysomes in the cell were statistically analyzed based on the co ...
Production of Chemokines, Interleukin-8 and
... containing EDTA (3-minute incubation). In addition, monocytes were added to transwells (Costar) in the HUVEC cultures to detect whether cell contact was obligatory for chemokine production. Monoclonal antibodies to either ICAM-l, or VCA"1 (R 8r D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) were added at a concentrati ...
... containing EDTA (3-minute incubation). In addition, monocytes were added to transwells (Costar) in the HUVEC cultures to detect whether cell contact was obligatory for chemokine production. Monoclonal antibodies to either ICAM-l, or VCA"1 (R 8r D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) were added at a concentrati ...
Correlative Imaging of Fluorescent Proteins in Resin
... fluorescence in thin sections means that cells can be imaged using techniques such as photoactivation light microscopy and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, allowing a lateral resolution of less than 10 nm to be achieved (Subach et al., 2009; Xu et al., 2012). A number of studies have des ...
... fluorescence in thin sections means that cells can be imaged using techniques such as photoactivation light microscopy and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, allowing a lateral resolution of less than 10 nm to be achieved (Subach et al., 2009; Xu et al., 2012). A number of studies have des ...
Link
... Pierani et al., 2001). The postmitotic transcription factor Evx1 is specific to V0V neurons that are predominantly glutamatergic but is not expressed in dorsally derived GABA/glycinergic V0D interneurons (G. Lanuza and M. Goulding, unpublished). In Evx1 mutants, a large fraction of V0V interneurons ...
... Pierani et al., 2001). The postmitotic transcription factor Evx1 is specific to V0V neurons that are predominantly glutamatergic but is not expressed in dorsally derived GABA/glycinergic V0D interneurons (G. Lanuza and M. Goulding, unpublished). In Evx1 mutants, a large fraction of V0V interneurons ...
processing of defensive pigment in aplysia californica: acquisition
... Despite the survival value of secondary plant compounds for A. californica (Nolen et al. 1995), no studies have delineated the mechanisms of acquisition or modification of the plant compound by this herbivore. In particular, we do not know (1) where or how A. californica acquires pigment from the re ...
... Despite the survival value of secondary plant compounds for A. californica (Nolen et al. 1995), no studies have delineated the mechanisms of acquisition or modification of the plant compound by this herbivore. In particular, we do not know (1) where or how A. californica acquires pigment from the re ...
Isolation of AtSUC2 promoter-GFP
... Doering-Saad et al. (2002), who reported on mRNA in barley phloem sap. In addition to these transcripts, we also detected expression of SUC3, a gene encoding another sucrose transporter (Figure 1b), which has been previously found in the phloem periphery (Meyer et al., 2000). The presence of SUC3 su ...
... Doering-Saad et al. (2002), who reported on mRNA in barley phloem sap. In addition to these transcripts, we also detected expression of SUC3, a gene encoding another sucrose transporter (Figure 1b), which has been previously found in the phloem periphery (Meyer et al., 2000). The presence of SUC3 su ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Pancreatic Cancer
... BiP and GADD153/CHOP (69). Therefore, there is a definite association between ER stress and pancreatic cancer; however, studies on this topic are not enough, necessitating further research in this field. ER is a very important organelle because of its multifunctional properties. It is particularly i ...
... BiP and GADD153/CHOP (69). Therefore, there is a definite association between ER stress and pancreatic cancer; however, studies on this topic are not enough, necessitating further research in this field. ER is a very important organelle because of its multifunctional properties. It is particularly i ...
Viral Strategies in Modulation of NF
... CD40 ligand) to its receptor on the cell surface and transduction of a signal generated in that way results in the activation of the IκB kinases (IKKs). The IKK complex consists of 3 components: IKKα, IKKβ70 and the regulatory subunit IKKγ68. These kinases phosphorylate specific serine residues at t ...
... CD40 ligand) to its receptor on the cell surface and transduction of a signal generated in that way results in the activation of the IκB kinases (IKKs). The IKK complex consists of 3 components: IKKα, IKKβ70 and the regulatory subunit IKKγ68. These kinases phosphorylate specific serine residues at t ...
RAG-1 and the Enzymology of V(D)J Recombination
... would show dif ferent hybridization patterns (e.g., as shown for restrictior enzyme BglII in Figure 2), whereas with the RAG-1-proximal probe, these transfectants would have identical patterns of hybridization (i.e., these transfectants should be identical in the direction of RAG-1; see Figure 2). I ...
... would show dif ferent hybridization patterns (e.g., as shown for restrictior enzyme BglII in Figure 2), whereas with the RAG-1-proximal probe, these transfectants would have identical patterns of hybridization (i.e., these transfectants should be identical in the direction of RAG-1; see Figure 2). I ...
Change of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Composition of
... Bacteria can form biofilms on almost every natural and artificial surface. Biogenic substrata, such as cover tissues of plants, animal skin, other bacteria and abiotic surfaces or interfaces such as surfaces of minerals or phase boundaries of water/air or air/solid materials harbor biofilms [1-4]. U ...
... Bacteria can form biofilms on almost every natural and artificial surface. Biogenic substrata, such as cover tissues of plants, animal skin, other bacteria and abiotic surfaces or interfaces such as surfaces of minerals or phase boundaries of water/air or air/solid materials harbor biofilms [1-4]. U ...
Inhibition of L-Fucose Incorporation into
... The incorporation of [3H]fucose into glycoproteins of Sarcoma 180 cells in vitro was decreased within 2 hr of exposure to 6-thioguanine (6-TG); 50% inhibition was pro duced by 8 /nM 6-TG. Under identical conditions, no de crease in [3H]glucosamine incorporation into acid-insoluble material was detec ...
... The incorporation of [3H]fucose into glycoproteins of Sarcoma 180 cells in vitro was decreased within 2 hr of exposure to 6-thioguanine (6-TG); 50% inhibition was pro duced by 8 /nM 6-TG. Under identical conditions, no de crease in [3H]glucosamine incorporation into acid-insoluble material was detec ...
CELL MOTILITY: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of
... behavior of individual proteins at the nanometer size scale yet translating to behaviors, four orders of magnitude larger, over tens of microns at the level of the cell. Protein-protein interactions are dynamic over timescales of milliseconds to seconds, yet whole-cell motility can remain persistent ...
... behavior of individual proteins at the nanometer size scale yet translating to behaviors, four orders of magnitude larger, over tens of microns at the level of the cell. Protein-protein interactions are dynamic over timescales of milliseconds to seconds, yet whole-cell motility can remain persistent ...
Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of
... 1. The effects of a variety of hormones on the PPi content and light-scattering of isolated rat liver cells was studied. 2. The basal PP1 content was about 130 pmol/mg of cell protein, and increased after hormone addition, in parallel with a decrease in light-scattering which we have observed previo ...
... 1. The effects of a variety of hormones on the PPi content and light-scattering of isolated rat liver cells was studied. 2. The basal PP1 content was about 130 pmol/mg of cell protein, and increased after hormone addition, in parallel with a decrease in light-scattering which we have observed previo ...
NAC Transcription Factor SPEEDY HYPONASTIC
... SHYG contains a NAM domain (pfam02365) at its N terminus. Its coding region consists of three exons, interrupted by two introns. The SHYG protein does not have a transmembrane domain, which otherwise is present in some NAC TFs (Seo et al., 2008). We analyzed public transcriptome data and found that ...
... SHYG contains a NAM domain (pfam02365) at its N terminus. Its coding region consists of three exons, interrupted by two introns. The SHYG protein does not have a transmembrane domain, which otherwise is present in some NAC TFs (Seo et al., 2008). We analyzed public transcriptome data and found that ...
The nucleolus through the years
... various staining procedures and microscopic techniques than the nuclear chromatin and exhibited a special structural organization (Montgomery 1899, Ruzicka 1899, Busch and Smetana 1970). Actually, based on the results of such methodical approaches, nucleoli appeared somehow different in various cell ...
... various staining procedures and microscopic techniques than the nuclear chromatin and exhibited a special structural organization (Montgomery 1899, Ruzicka 1899, Busch and Smetana 1970). Actually, based on the results of such methodical approaches, nucleoli appeared somehow different in various cell ...
Branching morphogenesis of the Drosophila tracheal system. Annual Review of Cell Developmental Biology 19, 623-647. pdf
... ■ Abstract Many organs including the mammalian lung and vascular system consist of branched tubular networks that transport essential gases or fluids, but the genetic programs that control the development of these complex three-dimensional structures are not well understood. The Drosophila melanogas ...
... ■ Abstract Many organs including the mammalian lung and vascular system consist of branched tubular networks that transport essential gases or fluids, but the genetic programs that control the development of these complex three-dimensional structures are not well understood. The Drosophila melanogas ...
Pathogenicity and Commensalism Recognition Contribute to Fungal
... DC maturation can be induced by stimulation with yeast extract, suggesting that exposure to yeasts/fungi has been one of the major forces driving the evolution of the DC-mediated IR. Although much progress has been made in the study of the immune system under challenge from fungal pathogens, there r ...
... DC maturation can be induced by stimulation with yeast extract, suggesting that exposure to yeasts/fungi has been one of the major forces driving the evolution of the DC-mediated IR. Although much progress has been made in the study of the immune system under challenge from fungal pathogens, there r ...
Understanding Activity in Electrically Coupled Networks Using PRCs
... is stable if G 0 .' / < 0 and unstable if G 0 .' / > 0. Note that the coupling strength ggap simply scales the G-function. It does not affect the existence or stability of the phase-locked states; it only affects how fast the system approaches or diverges from the phase-locked state and how robu ...
... is stable if G 0 .' / < 0 and unstable if G 0 .' / > 0. Note that the coupling strength ggap simply scales the G-function. It does not affect the existence or stability of the phase-locked states; it only affects how fast the system approaches or diverges from the phase-locked state and how robu ...
Manipulation of oxidative protein folding and PDI redox state in
... incubated for different times in the absence of the reducing agent. Each sample was treated with AMS and the electrophoretic mobility of PDI analysed under nonreducing conditions. Consistent with the results shown in Figure 5B, PDI was more oxidized in Ero1-La overexpressing cells (Figure 5C, compar ...
... incubated for different times in the absence of the reducing agent. Each sample was treated with AMS and the electrophoretic mobility of PDI analysed under nonreducing conditions. Consistent with the results shown in Figure 5B, PDI was more oxidized in Ero1-La overexpressing cells (Figure 5C, compar ...
Manipulation of oxidative protein folding and PDI redox state in
... incubated for different times in the absence of the reducing agent. Each sample was treated with AMS and the electrophoretic mobility of PDI analysed under nonreducing conditions. Consistent with the results shown in Figure 5B, PDI was more oxidized in Ero1-La overexpressing cells (Figure 5C, compar ...
... incubated for different times in the absence of the reducing agent. Each sample was treated with AMS and the electrophoretic mobility of PDI analysed under nonreducing conditions. Consistent with the results shown in Figure 5B, PDI was more oxidized in Ero1-La overexpressing cells (Figure 5C, compar ...
Eph receptor signaling in C. elegans
... physically and genetically interacts with VAB-1 and EFN-1 (Boulin et al., 2006). WRK-1 and VAB-1 signaling appears to occur specifically during axon guidance at the ventral midline. Whether the physical interaction with VAB-1 (or EFN-1) occurs in cis or trans is not yet clear, but phenotypic rescue ...
... physically and genetically interacts with VAB-1 and EFN-1 (Boulin et al., 2006). WRK-1 and VAB-1 signaling appears to occur specifically during axon guidance at the ventral midline. Whether the physical interaction with VAB-1 (or EFN-1) occurs in cis or trans is not yet clear, but phenotypic rescue ...
Inter-specific scaling of phytoplankton production and cell size in the
... faster growth rates, should dominate all aquatic ecosystems. But nutrient-rich, productive waters are always characterized by a dominance of larger cells (Chisholm, 1992), which has been explained by the fact that smaller phytoplankton are more tightly controlled by grazing than larger cells (Kiørbo ...
... faster growth rates, should dominate all aquatic ecosystems. But nutrient-rich, productive waters are always characterized by a dominance of larger cells (Chisholm, 1992), which has been explained by the fact that smaller phytoplankton are more tightly controlled by grazing than larger cells (Kiørbo ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.