Reactive oxygen species promote chloroplast dysfunction and
... pathogen attack, can cause chloroplast dysfunction and photosynthetic damage as well as chloroplastic ROS production [10–12]. Studies showing the function of ROS in signal transduction networks during plant PCD process have started to emerge [13–15]. Although ROS generated in various cellular compar ...
... pathogen attack, can cause chloroplast dysfunction and photosynthetic damage as well as chloroplastic ROS production [10–12]. Studies showing the function of ROS in signal transduction networks during plant PCD process have started to emerge [13–15]. Although ROS generated in various cellular compar ...
Homologies of process and modular elements of embryonic
... has at the same time blurred the clear divide between structure and function. At the genetic or molecular level, it is difficult to tell where one ends and the other begins. One scientist’s “cause” is another scientist’s “phenotype.” De Beer’s analyses of structural homologies excluded not only func ...
... has at the same time blurred the clear divide between structure and function. At the genetic or molecular level, it is difficult to tell where one ends and the other begins. One scientist’s “cause” is another scientist’s “phenotype.” De Beer’s analyses of structural homologies excluded not only func ...
Wk7 - ChrisC Bruc
... Brucella initiates a rapid activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway -This pathway is crucial for survival and establishment of Brucella This results in a prolonged phosphorylation of CREB ...
... Brucella initiates a rapid activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway -This pathway is crucial for survival and establishment of Brucella This results in a prolonged phosphorylation of CREB ...
Gene expression, oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in rabbit
... Light microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections revealed that the epithelial cells of the ileum were infected with different developmental stages of Eimeria intestinalis including final oocysts enclosed in the parasitophorous vacuole (Fig. 1). All the infected rabbits shed oo ...
... Light microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections revealed that the epithelial cells of the ileum were infected with different developmental stages of Eimeria intestinalis including final oocysts enclosed in the parasitophorous vacuole (Fig. 1). All the infected rabbits shed oo ...
Leaf growth in grasses is determined by the cell division and
... under salinity have been undertaken for wheat (Hu et al. 2000) and sorghum (Berstein et al. 1993a, b), there is still a general lack of information on the effect of salinity on the profile of the sizes of cells along the growing leaf in grasses. Kinematic methods can be used to measure rates of cel ...
... under salinity have been undertaken for wheat (Hu et al. 2000) and sorghum (Berstein et al. 1993a, b), there is still a general lack of information on the effect of salinity on the profile of the sizes of cells along the growing leaf in grasses. Kinematic methods can be used to measure rates of cel ...
Nitric Oxide 9:
... biological molecules [8,9]. Thus, to preempt its potential harm, organisms must have efficient mechanisms for destroying H2 O2 . In many bacteria H2 O2 is decomposed by catalase. In general, catalase activity increases in stationary phase or growth-arrested bacteria [9–14]. In plant-colonizing Pseudom ...
... biological molecules [8,9]. Thus, to preempt its potential harm, organisms must have efficient mechanisms for destroying H2 O2 . In many bacteria H2 O2 is decomposed by catalase. In general, catalase activity increases in stationary phase or growth-arrested bacteria [9–14]. In plant-colonizing Pseudom ...
JNK Regulates MCP-1 Expression in Adenovirus Type 19
... TNF-␣, and to lipopolysaccharide.6 We previously demonstrated, by DNA microarray studies, increased MCP-1 mRNA expression in Ad19-infected keratocytes in vitro.11,12 However, the mechanism(s) that mediate MCP-1 production in keratocytes remain largely unknown. One means by which signals from extrace ...
... TNF-␣, and to lipopolysaccharide.6 We previously demonstrated, by DNA microarray studies, increased MCP-1 mRNA expression in Ad19-infected keratocytes in vitro.11,12 However, the mechanism(s) that mediate MCP-1 production in keratocytes remain largely unknown. One means by which signals from extrace ...
Translation without eIF2 Promoted by Poliovirus 2A Protease
... forms of eIF4G encoded by two different genes are known, eIF4GI and eIF4GII [5]. The exact functioning of each of these two forms in the process of translation remains unclear, although it has been suggested that these forms are functionally interchangeable. Three regions have been distinguished in ...
... forms of eIF4G encoded by two different genes are known, eIF4GI and eIF4GII [5]. The exact functioning of each of these two forms in the process of translation remains unclear, although it has been suggested that these forms are functionally interchangeable. Three regions have been distinguished in ...
Differential expression of soluble - Tubitak Journals
... foil, whereas the control plates were kept fully illuminated. Whole seedlings were collected 7 days after germination of control seeds, directly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at –80 °C for quantitative PCR analyses. 2.4. External stimuli in hydroponic culture External stimuli treatments of A ...
... foil, whereas the control plates were kept fully illuminated. Whole seedlings were collected 7 days after germination of control seeds, directly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at –80 °C for quantitative PCR analyses. 2.4. External stimuli in hydroponic culture External stimuli treatments of A ...
Bactericidal activity of the organo
... assay, porin molecules were inserted into the surface of the liposome. The porin used for this assay was the one expressed on the outer membrane of an E. cloacae strain. It was purified and was shown to be a trimeric porin with a MW of 120 kDa. The results shown in Figure 4 demonstrate that AS101 (M ...
... assay, porin molecules were inserted into the surface of the liposome. The porin used for this assay was the one expressed on the outer membrane of an E. cloacae strain. It was purified and was shown to be a trimeric porin with a MW of 120 kDa. The results shown in Figure 4 demonstrate that AS101 (M ...
PDF Full-text
... The application of reverse genetics to the protoplast-based cell wall regeneration system also provides an attractive approach for characterizing cell wall proteins. It is not easy, however, to establish a suspension culture cell line with specific genes knocked out. We therefore recently developed ...
... The application of reverse genetics to the protoplast-based cell wall regeneration system also provides an attractive approach for characterizing cell wall proteins. It is not easy, however, to establish a suspension culture cell line with specific genes knocked out. We therefore recently developed ...
Myeloid Dendritic Cells DHX15 Senses Double
... (STING) (17). 5) Other cytosolic nucleic acid sensors including polymerase III (Pol III), Ku70, LRRFIP1, and DEXD/H-box family helicases: Pol III can function as a sensor of B-form DNA in a RIGI–dependent manner (18, 19). Ku70 can recognize viral nucleic acids to induce type III IFN (20, 21). LRRFIP ...
... (STING) (17). 5) Other cytosolic nucleic acid sensors including polymerase III (Pol III), Ku70, LRRFIP1, and DEXD/H-box family helicases: Pol III can function as a sensor of B-form DNA in a RIGI–dependent manner (18, 19). Ku70 can recognize viral nucleic acids to induce type III IFN (20, 21). LRRFIP ...
Session 238 Lens development and molecular cell biology
... University, Ishikawa, Japan. Purpose: Involvement of cytokines including TGFβ2 and FGF2 has been reported in the onset of postoperative posterior capsule opacity (PCO). Previously, we showed that expression level of proteoglycan decorin (DCN) was highly up-regulated in lens epithelial cells (LEC) in ...
... University, Ishikawa, Japan. Purpose: Involvement of cytokines including TGFβ2 and FGF2 has been reported in the onset of postoperative posterior capsule opacity (PCO). Previously, we showed that expression level of proteoglycan decorin (DCN) was highly up-regulated in lens epithelial cells (LEC) in ...
The acquisition of myelin: An evolutionary perspective
... of 300m/h. Therefore, for a human motoneuron, which axon can easily be 1m in length, it will take between 3 and 20 days for proteins trafficking using the fast moving vesicular cargoes. In contrast, for nutrients, such as glucose or lactate, transport from the neuronal cell body will take in the a ...
... of 300m/h. Therefore, for a human motoneuron, which axon can easily be 1m in length, it will take between 3 and 20 days for proteins trafficking using the fast moving vesicular cargoes. In contrast, for nutrients, such as glucose or lactate, transport from the neuronal cell body will take in the a ...
Phenotypic Heterogeneity Enables Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
... 109 CFU/ml) was readily killed (the CFU level was reduced by 6 orders of magnitude) by 20% serum over 30 min. These results suggest that in our experimental setup, the amount of serum protein per bacterial cell is somewhat limiting, but the CFT073 strain has a subpopulation of cells with enhanced se ...
... 109 CFU/ml) was readily killed (the CFU level was reduced by 6 orders of magnitude) by 20% serum over 30 min. These results suggest that in our experimental setup, the amount of serum protein per bacterial cell is somewhat limiting, but the CFT073 strain has a subpopulation of cells with enhanced se ...
PDF
... time period for which the profiles scale (60-90 h for P-Mad); (C) Hairy profiles as in B, but binned by disc size (La bins chosen cover a time period from 51 to 90 h regardless of stage) to illustrate scaling: the profile shape is invariant. (D) C/Cmax of Hairy versus P-Mad, based on their spatial c ...
... time period for which the profiles scale (60-90 h for P-Mad); (C) Hairy profiles as in B, but binned by disc size (La bins chosen cover a time period from 51 to 90 h regardless of stage) to illustrate scaling: the profile shape is invariant. (D) C/Cmax of Hairy versus P-Mad, based on their spatial c ...
Phospholamban Is Present in Endothelial Cells and Modulates
... Abstract—Vascular endothelial cells regulate vascular smooth muscle tone through Ca21-dependent production and release of vasoactive molecules. Phospholamban (PLB) is a 24- to 27-kDa phosphoprotein that modulates activity of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca21 ATPase (SERCA). Expression of PLB is ...
... Abstract—Vascular endothelial cells regulate vascular smooth muscle tone through Ca21-dependent production and release of vasoactive molecules. Phospholamban (PLB) is a 24- to 27-kDa phosphoprotein that modulates activity of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca21 ATPase (SERCA). Expression of PLB is ...
10 Proteomic Analysis of Potential Breast Cancer Biomarkers
... their proliferation, differentiation, survival and to perform diverse physiological functions. Cells release and receive signals to induce these different states of growth either by direct cell-to-cell interaction or via secreted molecules. This communication is elicited through socalled signaling m ...
... their proliferation, differentiation, survival and to perform diverse physiological functions. Cells release and receive signals to induce these different states of growth either by direct cell-to-cell interaction or via secreted molecules. This communication is elicited through socalled signaling m ...
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Multiple
... 40) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effec ...
... 40) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effec ...
Differential Th17 CD4 T-cell depletion in pathogenic
... The classic paradigm for CD4 T-cell differentiation delineates a pathway in which memory CD4 T cells are defined based on their ability to produce either interferon (IFN)–␥ (Th1 cells) or interleukin (IL)–4 (Th2 cells).1 However, the exclusivity of this model has been challenged with the recent desc ...
... The classic paradigm for CD4 T-cell differentiation delineates a pathway in which memory CD4 T cells are defined based on their ability to produce either interferon (IFN)–␥ (Th1 cells) or interleukin (IL)–4 (Th2 cells).1 However, the exclusivity of this model has been challenged with the recent desc ...
Mechanisms of plant spindle formation
... passenger complex proteins are preferentially concentrated at inner centromeres, they are thought to be important signals in kinetochore-mediated spindle formation (O'Connell et al. 2009). In plants, however, the key components of the chromosome passenger complex (such as INCENP) appear to be absent ...
... passenger complex proteins are preferentially concentrated at inner centromeres, they are thought to be important signals in kinetochore-mediated spindle formation (O'Connell et al. 2009). In plants, however, the key components of the chromosome passenger complex (such as INCENP) appear to be absent ...
PAR-1 activation by SFLLRNP decreases
... Whether specific markings were generated by the retraction of several oligodendrocyte processes from one cell, from multiple cells, or were the result of cell death is not yet known. However, studies examining oligodendrocyte numbers and myelin production following PAR-1 ...
... Whether specific markings were generated by the retraction of several oligodendrocyte processes from one cell, from multiple cells, or were the result of cell death is not yet known. However, studies examining oligodendrocyte numbers and myelin production following PAR-1 ...
Archives of Microbiology
... of aquatic environments, commonly expresses several cell-surface properties that may contribute to virulence. Since many aquatic microorganisms in hostile environments can withstand starvation conditions for long periods, we examined the effect of storage under nutrientpoor conditions on the express ...
... of aquatic environments, commonly expresses several cell-surface properties that may contribute to virulence. Since many aquatic microorganisms in hostile environments can withstand starvation conditions for long periods, we examined the effect of storage under nutrientpoor conditions on the express ...
Mineralogy - Carleton College
... Choice of a Unit Cell • A lattice point occurs where the corners of four cells meet, and therefore, 1/4 point per corner lies in a give cell (1/4 * 4=1) C ...
... Choice of a Unit Cell • A lattice point occurs where the corners of four cells meet, and therefore, 1/4 point per corner lies in a give cell (1/4 * 4=1) C ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.