Mineralogy - Carleton College
... Choice of a Unit Cell • A lattice point occurs where the corners of four cells meet, and therefore, 1/4 point per corner lies in a give cell (1/4 * 4=1) C ...
... Choice of a Unit Cell • A lattice point occurs where the corners of four cells meet, and therefore, 1/4 point per corner lies in a give cell (1/4 * 4=1) C ...
Degradation of the plant cell wall by nematodes
... The sclerotized, protrusible stylet of phytoparasitic nematodes provides a tool to mechanically breach the host plant cell wall. Such stylet activity can be readily observed for nematodes grown in monoxenic plant root culture and has been documented for both ectoparasitic and endoparasitic nematodes ...
... The sclerotized, protrusible stylet of phytoparasitic nematodes provides a tool to mechanically breach the host plant cell wall. Such stylet activity can be readily observed for nematodes grown in monoxenic plant root culture and has been documented for both ectoparasitic and endoparasitic nematodes ...
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... Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. Phone: +81-3-3542-2511(ex4800), Fax: +81-3-3541-2685, E-mail: tochiya@ncc.go.jp ...
... Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. Phone: +81-3-3542-2511(ex4800), Fax: +81-3-3541-2685, E-mail: tochiya@ncc.go.jp ...
bacteriophage - Micro-Rao
... life cycle. Soon after the nucleic acid is injected, the phage cycle is said to be in eclipse period. During the eclipse phase, no infectious phage particles can be found either inside or outside the bacterial cell. Eclipse phase represents the interval between the entry of phage nucleic acid into b ...
... life cycle. Soon after the nucleic acid is injected, the phage cycle is said to be in eclipse period. During the eclipse phase, no infectious phage particles can be found either inside or outside the bacterial cell. Eclipse phase represents the interval between the entry of phage nucleic acid into b ...
Pap and HPV Testing
... Cervical cancer screening can be done in a medical office, a clinic, or a community health center. It is often done during a pelvic examination. While a woman lies on an exam table, a health care professional inserts an instrument called a speculum into her vagina to widen it so that the upper porti ...
... Cervical cancer screening can be done in a medical office, a clinic, or a community health center. It is often done during a pelvic examination. While a woman lies on an exam table, a health care professional inserts an instrument called a speculum into her vagina to widen it so that the upper porti ...
... critical motif for this signaling in both T cells [17] and B cells [16]. It has been suggested that PD-L1 also mediates an inhibitory signal by ligating B7-1 [20], although with the short cytoplasmic tails characteristic of B7 family members it is not clear how this signal may be mediated. The inhib ...
Boundless Study Slides
... Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Molecular Cancer Journal. "Molecular Cancer | Full text | Role of APCand DNA mismatch repair genes in the development of colorectal cancers." CC BY http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/2/1/41 View on Boundless.com ...
... Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Molecular Cancer Journal. "Molecular Cancer | Full text | Role of APCand DNA mismatch repair genes in the development of colorectal cancers." CC BY http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/2/1/41 View on Boundless.com ...
The Analysis of Plant Growth - Plant Physiology and Development
... processes that are often synchronized during development For multicellular plants, many aspects of growth relate to newly formed cells produced by meristematic tissues. Growth associated with these cells is neither uniform nor random. For example, newly formed cells in apical meristems first enlarge ...
... processes that are often synchronized during development For multicellular plants, many aspects of growth relate to newly formed cells produced by meristematic tissues. Growth associated with these cells is neither uniform nor random. For example, newly formed cells in apical meristems first enlarge ...
Paper 2
... 1997]. It now seems likely that all endomembrane compartments are capable of switching, at least under experimental conditions, between predominantly vesicular or tubular modes [Klausner et al., 1992; Mironov et al., 1997]. Probably due to their linear life-form, fungal vacuoles exhibit constitutive ...
... 1997]. It now seems likely that all endomembrane compartments are capable of switching, at least under experimental conditions, between predominantly vesicular or tubular modes [Klausner et al., 1992; Mironov et al., 1997]. Probably due to their linear life-form, fungal vacuoles exhibit constitutive ...
... compartment. In fact, lung lymphocytes display the very late activation-1 (VLA-1) surface antigens [1] at a much higher rate than early activation markers, such as the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor [2]. They also have low IL-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and a "memory" T-cell phenot ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Each plant starts life from the zygote formed by the fusion of an egg and a sperm cell. The zygote gives rise to a multicellular embryo that displays a basic plant body organization and is surrounded by nutritive endosperm and maternal tissue. How the body organization is generated had already been ...
... Each plant starts life from the zygote formed by the fusion of an egg and a sperm cell. The zygote gives rise to a multicellular embryo that displays a basic plant body organization and is surrounded by nutritive endosperm and maternal tissue. How the body organization is generated had already been ...
Essential roles of the Fas-Fas ligand pathway in the development of
... family and is expressed in various cells and tissues (1). Fas ligand (FasL), a cell surface molecule belonging to the TNF family, binds to its receptor Fas, thus inducing apoptosis of Fas-bearing cells. FasL is expressed predominantly in activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells (2). FasL is ...
... family and is expressed in various cells and tissues (1). Fas ligand (FasL), a cell surface molecule belonging to the TNF family, binds to its receptor Fas, thus inducing apoptosis of Fas-bearing cells. FasL is expressed predominantly in activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells (2). FasL is ...
ATP1A1-Mediated Src Signaling Inhibits Coronavirus Entry into Host
... 2.5% FBS, 100 mM FDG, and 50% PBS at room temperature. After a 3-min incubation an excess of 5% FBS in PBS was added, and the supernatant was removed and replaced by growth medium. When pharmacological inhibitors were used, cells were either mock treated or treated with the different inhibitors for ...
... 2.5% FBS, 100 mM FDG, and 50% PBS at room temperature. After a 3-min incubation an excess of 5% FBS in PBS was added, and the supernatant was removed and replaced by growth medium. When pharmacological inhibitors were used, cells were either mock treated or treated with the different inhibitors for ...
Brucella Intracellular Replication Requires Trafficking Through the
... compartments of the endocytic pathway (16). The rapid acidification of phagosomes containing Brucella suis and its importance for Brucella survival and eventual replication in J774A.1 macrophage-like cells (10,15) prompted us to further examine the role of BCV acidification in Brucella abortus intra ...
... compartments of the endocytic pathway (16). The rapid acidification of phagosomes containing Brucella suis and its importance for Brucella survival and eventual replication in J774A.1 macrophage-like cells (10,15) prompted us to further examine the role of BCV acidification in Brucella abortus intra ...
Polypeptide Composition of Chlamydia trachomatis
... 29 000 daltons were thus identified as surface polypeptides of the chlamydial elementary body. It is suggested that the 155000 dalton polypeptide is a species-specific antigen, the major polypeptide is the principal outer membrane protein, and the 29000 dalton polypeptide is the type-specific antige ...
... 29 000 daltons were thus identified as surface polypeptides of the chlamydial elementary body. It is suggested that the 155000 dalton polypeptide is a species-specific antigen, the major polypeptide is the principal outer membrane protein, and the 29000 dalton polypeptide is the type-specific antige ...
Lymphadenosis Benigna Cutis or Cutaneous Lymphoid Hyperplasia
... proliferation of neoplastic centrocytes and centroblasts.[13] Follicle compostion in follicular lymphoma is neoplastic, monomorphous and clonal, whereas in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia it is benign, polymorphous and polyclonal.[14] Other IHC markers which can be applied to these cases can be CD19+ ...
... proliferation of neoplastic centrocytes and centroblasts.[13] Follicle compostion in follicular lymphoma is neoplastic, monomorphous and clonal, whereas in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia it is benign, polymorphous and polyclonal.[14] Other IHC markers which can be applied to these cases can be CD19+ ...
Phosphorylation of eIF2α in response to 26S proteasome inhibition
... proteasome. Although decreased protein synthesis rates occur during apoptosis, and inhibition of 26S proteasome has been reported to induce apoptosis in several different experimental systems [14–17], our results indicate that loss of protein synthesis activity after short periods of inhibition of t ...
... proteasome. Although decreased protein synthesis rates occur during apoptosis, and inhibition of 26S proteasome has been reported to induce apoptosis in several different experimental systems [14–17], our results indicate that loss of protein synthesis activity after short periods of inhibition of t ...
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore as a target for - AJP
... CsA group (n ⫽ 6) and the SfA group (n ⫽ 6), after the lethal 90-min hypoxic period trabeculae were given either CsA (0.2 mol/l) or SfA (1.0 mol/l) for the first 30 min of reoxygenation, followed by a further 90 min of reoxygenation with normal buffer. These concentrations of CsA and SfA have been ...
... CsA group (n ⫽ 6) and the SfA group (n ⫽ 6), after the lethal 90-min hypoxic period trabeculae were given either CsA (0.2 mol/l) or SfA (1.0 mol/l) for the first 30 min of reoxygenation, followed by a further 90 min of reoxygenation with normal buffer. These concentrations of CsA and SfA have been ...
Macrophages but Not MyD88, in Bacteria
... only TLR4 signaling contributes to induce macrophage apoptosis (12). Also, agonist-specific activation of TLR4, but not TLR2, efficiently elicits cell death under NF-B inhibitory conditions. These results identify TLR4 as a major inducer of apoptosis in bacteria-infected macrophages (12). This obse ...
... only TLR4 signaling contributes to induce macrophage apoptosis (12). Also, agonist-specific activation of TLR4, but not TLR2, efficiently elicits cell death under NF-B inhibitory conditions. These results identify TLR4 as a major inducer of apoptosis in bacteria-infected macrophages (12). This obse ...
Progression Liver Modulates Severe Malaria Disease in the
... a Plasmodium-specific apicoplast protein (17). However, unlike vaccine-like sterilizing immunity induced by attenuated strains, few studies have examined very early cellular immune responses associated with parasite attenuation and their roles in protection from cerebral pathology. One study demonst ...
... a Plasmodium-specific apicoplast protein (17). However, unlike vaccine-like sterilizing immunity induced by attenuated strains, few studies have examined very early cellular immune responses associated with parasite attenuation and their roles in protection from cerebral pathology. One study demonst ...
ATM and - Cancer Research
... is distinct from the former phosphatidylinositol 3⬘-kinase-like kinases because it does not appear to function in signal transduction damage response pathways but rather functions in DNA nonhomologous end joining, a pathway for DSB repair (Ref. 15; for a review, see Ref. 16). ...
... is distinct from the former phosphatidylinositol 3⬘-kinase-like kinases because it does not appear to function in signal transduction damage response pathways but rather functions in DNA nonhomologous end joining, a pathway for DSB repair (Ref. 15; for a review, see Ref. 16). ...
Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development
... proven to be problematic. There are numerous unpublished tales of failed attempts to produce secreted Wnt proteins in cell culture. In general, overexpression of the genes in cultured cells results in accumulation of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER; Kitajewski et al. 1992). Secret ...
... proven to be problematic. There are numerous unpublished tales of failed attempts to produce secreted Wnt proteins in cell culture. In general, overexpression of the genes in cultured cells results in accumulation of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER; Kitajewski et al. 1992). Secret ...
Starfish ApDOCK protein essentially functions in larval
... ApSRCR1 protein is extracellularly released by mesenchyme cells and promotes their phagocytosis and aggregate formation. On the other hand, little is known about how the mesenchyme cell is regulated by intracellular molecule(s) to undergo its many defense cell behaviors. On the basis of previous stu ...
... ApSRCR1 protein is extracellularly released by mesenchyme cells and promotes their phagocytosis and aggregate formation. On the other hand, little is known about how the mesenchyme cell is regulated by intracellular molecule(s) to undergo its many defense cell behaviors. On the basis of previous stu ...
Linking abnormal mitosis to the acquisition of DNA damage
... Effects of merotely on genome stability ...
... Effects of merotely on genome stability ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.