Light Control of Plasma Membrane Recruitment Using
... 1999). This interaction has already proven useful for applying complex temporal and spatial intracellular inputs to live cells in a variety of species (Levskaya et al., 2009; Shimizu-Sato et al., 2002). In principle, this approach could be used for spatiotemporal control over any cellular process th ...
... 1999). This interaction has already proven useful for applying complex temporal and spatial intracellular inputs to live cells in a variety of species (Levskaya et al., 2009; Shimizu-Sato et al., 2002). In principle, this approach could be used for spatiotemporal control over any cellular process th ...
The origin of early primitive streak - Development
... anterolateral migration of mesoderm (Fig. 1B). These sites were specifically selected to test the three models proposed for the genesis of the primitive streak in the in vitro fate map studies (Fig. 1A). The predicted pattern of labeled cell distribution in each model is summarized in Fig. 1C. In th ...
... anterolateral migration of mesoderm (Fig. 1B). These sites were specifically selected to test the three models proposed for the genesis of the primitive streak in the in vitro fate map studies (Fig. 1A). The predicted pattern of labeled cell distribution in each model is summarized in Fig. 1C. In th ...
Scarface, a secreted serine proteaselike protein, regulates polarized
... a-laminin, cause defects in GBR and in the attachment between AS cells and the posterior germ band (Schock & Perrimon, 2003). These data suggest that LanA and Wb have a redundant function and that Scarf most probably promotes BM localization of not only LanA but also Wb. Consistent with the proposed ...
... a-laminin, cause defects in GBR and in the attachment between AS cells and the posterior germ band (Schock & Perrimon, 2003). These data suggest that LanA and Wb have a redundant function and that Scarf most probably promotes BM localization of not only LanA but also Wb. Consistent with the proposed ...
Spherical particles of halophilic archaea correlate with exposure to
... around the world; however, an explanation of their supposed longevity remains a fundamental challenge. Recently small roundish particles in fluid inclusions of 22 000- to 34 000-year-old halite were identified as haloarchaea capable of proliferation (Schubert BA, Lowenstein TK, Timofeeff MN, Parker ...
... around the world; however, an explanation of their supposed longevity remains a fundamental challenge. Recently small roundish particles in fluid inclusions of 22 000- to 34 000-year-old halite were identified as haloarchaea capable of proliferation (Schubert BA, Lowenstein TK, Timofeeff MN, Parker ...
Coagulation (the basics) and recombinant Factor VIIa Mechanism of
... Clinical manifestations of DIC may accompany obstetric complications, especially in the ...
... Clinical manifestations of DIC may accompany obstetric complications, especially in the ...
Analysis of actin function and organization by a series of mutant
... Actin is a key cytoskeletal protein with multiple roles in cellular processes such as polarized growth, cytokinesis, endocytosis and cell migration. Actin is present in all eukaryotes as highly dynamic filamentous structures such as, linear cables and branched filaments. Detailed investigation of th ...
... Actin is a key cytoskeletal protein with multiple roles in cellular processes such as polarized growth, cytokinesis, endocytosis and cell migration. Actin is present in all eukaryotes as highly dynamic filamentous structures such as, linear cables and branched filaments. Detailed investigation of th ...
Apical ectodermal ridge morphogenesis in limb development is
... migration, cell intercalation, differential adhesion or cell sorting to this process is not clear (Tickle and Altabef, 1999). The ARID family of transcriptional regulators is an evolutionary conserved group of genes that perform essential functions in eukaryotic organisms from yeast to humans (Wilsk ...
... migration, cell intercalation, differential adhesion or cell sorting to this process is not clear (Tickle and Altabef, 1999). The ARID family of transcriptional regulators is an evolutionary conserved group of genes that perform essential functions in eukaryotic organisms from yeast to humans (Wilsk ...
A Multifunctional Cell Surface Developmental Stage
... mAb that binds to the chick spinal cord but not to any cockroach tissue is immobilized in an identical manner. The immobilized control mAb is then added to the detergent extract and incubated with shaking for 1.5 h at room temperature. After a low speed centrifugation the supernatant is incubated in ...
... mAb that binds to the chick spinal cord but not to any cockroach tissue is immobilized in an identical manner. The immobilized control mAb is then added to the detergent extract and incubated with shaking for 1.5 h at room temperature. After a low speed centrifugation the supernatant is incubated in ...
Job Sharing in the Endomembrane System: Vacuolar
... nutrients by increasing the surface of their photosynthesizing and nutrient-absorbing organs at minimal cost. Besides being lowcost space fillers, vacuoles are the main store for solutes and serve as a hydrostatic skeleton that provides the driving force for cell growth and reversible volume changes. ...
... nutrients by increasing the surface of their photosynthesizing and nutrient-absorbing organs at minimal cost. Besides being lowcost space fillers, vacuoles are the main store for solutes and serve as a hydrostatic skeleton that provides the driving force for cell growth and reversible volume changes. ...
Improving Detection of Canine Distemper Virus in Formalin
... citrate buffer (pH 6.0) will provide satisfactory results with good cell morphology (Ramos-Vara 2005). However, the pH values of the Trilogy (7.69), TBS (8.22), H3301 (9.14), and Dako S1700 retrieval working solutions (9.22) ranged from neutral to weakly basic in the present study. The S1700 and H33 ...
... citrate buffer (pH 6.0) will provide satisfactory results with good cell morphology (Ramos-Vara 2005). However, the pH values of the Trilogy (7.69), TBS (8.22), H3301 (9.14), and Dako S1700 retrieval working solutions (9.22) ranged from neutral to weakly basic in the present study. The S1700 and H33 ...
Receptor-like activity evoked by extracellular ADP in Arabidopsis
... be equally or more effective than extracellular ATP (Demidchik et al., 2003a, 2009; Jeter et al., 2004; Tanaka et al., 2010b). In common with extracellular ATP, extracellular ADP can elicit oscillations of [Ca2+]cyt in Arabidopsis seedlings (Tanaka et al., 2010b). At the physiological level, extrac ...
... be equally or more effective than extracellular ATP (Demidchik et al., 2003a, 2009; Jeter et al., 2004; Tanaka et al., 2010b). In common with extracellular ATP, extracellular ADP can elicit oscillations of [Ca2+]cyt in Arabidopsis seedlings (Tanaka et al., 2010b). At the physiological level, extrac ...
Retinoic Acid and the Development of the Endoderm
... including the endoderm, which is the subject of this review. A significant role for RA signaling in the development of endoderm might appear somewhat surprising because endoderm is a germ layer of all multi-layered embryos, whereas the RA signaling system has often been described as a signaling syst ...
... including the endoderm, which is the subject of this review. A significant role for RA signaling in the development of endoderm might appear somewhat surprising because endoderm is a germ layer of all multi-layered embryos, whereas the RA signaling system has often been described as a signaling syst ...
Metapopulation persistence of insects living in hollow oaks:
... Levins' model have been extended by several authors (Hanski & Gilpin 1997) to include the geographical locations of patches as well as their area. The Incidence Function Model (IFM) (Hanski 1994) is a metapopulation model that has been used for many types of organisms (Moilanen & Hanski 1998, Bergma ...
... Levins' model have been extended by several authors (Hanski & Gilpin 1997) to include the geographical locations of patches as well as their area. The Incidence Function Model (IFM) (Hanski 1994) is a metapopulation model that has been used for many types of organisms (Moilanen & Hanski 1998, Bergma ...
Patent ductus arteriosus in mice with smooth muscle
... most common human congenital heart defects. PDA patients are at increased risk of pulmonary and cardiac problems such as pulmonary hemorrhage, congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (Clyman, 2006; Forsey et al., 2009; Schneider and Moore, 2006). Mice wit ...
... most common human congenital heart defects. PDA patients are at increased risk of pulmonary and cardiac problems such as pulmonary hemorrhage, congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (Clyman, 2006; Forsey et al., 2009; Schneider and Moore, 2006). Mice wit ...
Short-Lived and Phosphorylated Proteins
... Two protein-labeling procedures were used in parallel to explore the effects of BFA, CHI, and staurosporine on protein synthesis and secretion. In procedure 1, the drug was injected into the cell suspension (500 mg of cells in 5 mL of Suc-free uptake buffer) 20 min before [3H]Leu (9.3– 24.2 KBq mL21 ...
... Two protein-labeling procedures were used in parallel to explore the effects of BFA, CHI, and staurosporine on protein synthesis and secretion. In procedure 1, the drug was injected into the cell suspension (500 mg of cells in 5 mL of Suc-free uptake buffer) 20 min before [3H]Leu (9.3– 24.2 KBq mL21 ...
Microtubule-associated protein 1b is required for shaping the neural
... monopolar protrusions (filopodia and lamellipodia) directed towards the midline [11, 13, 14]. We have previously demonstrated that cells in the zebrafish neural plate also extend medially-oriented protrusions and elongate as they converge towards the midline [8]. Narrowing of the neural plate in mic ...
... monopolar protrusions (filopodia and lamellipodia) directed towards the midline [11, 13, 14]. We have previously demonstrated that cells in the zebrafish neural plate also extend medially-oriented protrusions and elongate as they converge towards the midline [8]. Narrowing of the neural plate in mic ...
The effects of various concentrations and lengths of application of
... stable tissue than did the 0.5 or the 1.0%concentrations. This study suggests that possibly a higher concentration of glutaraldehyde would create even more stable tissues over longer periods of time. Whencomparing the lengths of application of glutaraldehyde, the 10-min length of application appeare ...
... stable tissue than did the 0.5 or the 1.0%concentrations. This study suggests that possibly a higher concentration of glutaraldehyde would create even more stable tissues over longer periods of time. Whencomparing the lengths of application of glutaraldehyde, the 10-min length of application appeare ...
Golgi clusters and vesicles mediate mitotic inheritance
... that the Golgi apparatus is in dynamic equilibrium with the ER (Storrie et al., 1998; Zaal et al., 1999; Glick, 2000). During interphase, they have argued that perturbations in this equilibrium are responsible for moving the Golgi complex, via the ER, to the peripheral cytoplasm (Cole et al., 1996). ...
... that the Golgi apparatus is in dynamic equilibrium with the ER (Storrie et al., 1998; Zaal et al., 1999; Glick, 2000). During interphase, they have argued that perturbations in this equilibrium are responsible for moving the Golgi complex, via the ER, to the peripheral cytoplasm (Cole et al., 1996). ...
The Amino-terminal Domain of the Golgi Protein Giantin Interacts
... Pfu turbo DNA polymerase to PCR amplify a "1.7-kb fragment from pGCP364/pSG5 using primers GL98, 5#-GACTCAGGATCCAATGAAGCTTCAAGAAGCCTTAATTTCC-3#, which contains a BamHI restriction site and a starting codon, and GL99, 5#-CCTGAGCTTCTACCTGAGAATTCAGATTACGAGTCTCTTC-3#, which contains an EcoRI restriction ...
... Pfu turbo DNA polymerase to PCR amplify a "1.7-kb fragment from pGCP364/pSG5 using primers GL98, 5#-GACTCAGGATCCAATGAAGCTTCAAGAAGCCTTAATTTCC-3#, which contains a BamHI restriction site and a starting codon, and GL99, 5#-CCTGAGCTTCTACCTGAGAATTCAGATTACGAGTCTCTTC-3#, which contains an EcoRI restriction ...
The influence of chronic stress on T cell immunity
... responses, for instance to prevent the body from harmful excessive immune responses. CNSimmune interactions also play an important role during stress responses. The stress response is essential for the organism since it facilitates all necessary changes (physiological and behavioral) that allow the ...
... responses, for instance to prevent the body from harmful excessive immune responses. CNSimmune interactions also play an important role during stress responses. The stress response is essential for the organism since it facilitates all necessary changes (physiological and behavioral) that allow the ...
Steel Factor Induces Serine Phosphorylation of
... proteins on a tyrosine immediately distal to the SH2 domain induces their homo- or hetero-dimerization through phosphotyrosine-SH2 interactions. As a consequence, they translocate to the nucleus, bind to specific promoter elements, and induce gene expression.' Although SLF has been found to act syne ...
... proteins on a tyrosine immediately distal to the SH2 domain induces their homo- or hetero-dimerization through phosphotyrosine-SH2 interactions. As a consequence, they translocate to the nucleus, bind to specific promoter elements, and induce gene expression.' Although SLF has been found to act syne ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).