Role for Rab7 in maturation of late autophagic vacuoles
... peripherally localises to the inner and outer limiting membranes of autophagosomes and less so to the contents of late autophagic vacuoles (Eskelinen, 2004; Kabeya et al., 2000). Western blotting of LC3 can be used to follow the induction of autophagy during amino acid starvation, or the accumulatio ...
... peripherally localises to the inner and outer limiting membranes of autophagosomes and less so to the contents of late autophagic vacuoles (Eskelinen, 2004; Kabeya et al., 2000). Western blotting of LC3 can be used to follow the induction of autophagy during amino acid starvation, or the accumulatio ...
The tumor suppressor Scrib interacts with the zyxin
... Correct processing of these signals allows appropriate cellular growth, differentiation, and tissue morphogenesis, but malfunctions often lie at the basis of pathologies such as tumor growth and metastasis. At sites of cell adhesion, more and more proteins are being identified that not only play a r ...
... Correct processing of these signals allows appropriate cellular growth, differentiation, and tissue morphogenesis, but malfunctions often lie at the basis of pathologies such as tumor growth and metastasis. At sites of cell adhesion, more and more proteins are being identified that not only play a r ...
The Arf and Rab11 effector FIP3 acts synergistically with ASAP1 to
... contains only a portion of the Arf5/6 binding site (Inoue et al., 2008). This indicates that the Arf4 binding site on FIP3 is within amino acids 666–756, closer to the Rab11 binding site. We sought to determine whether ASAP1, in addition to recruiting Rab11a (Wang et al., 2012), specifically recruit ...
... contains only a portion of the Arf5/6 binding site (Inoue et al., 2008). This indicates that the Arf4 binding site on FIP3 is within amino acids 666–756, closer to the Rab11 binding site. We sought to determine whether ASAP1, in addition to recruiting Rab11a (Wang et al., 2012), specifically recruit ...
Theme 1 Molecules, Cells and the Basis for Disease
... 26.1 A cellular approach to understand congenital eye malformations .................................................... 28 27.1 Using human iPS cells to identify genetic variants that influence cellular differentiation ............... 29 28.1 Mef2 role in control of striated muscle growth a ...
... 26.1 A cellular approach to understand congenital eye malformations .................................................... 28 27.1 Using human iPS cells to identify genetic variants that influence cellular differentiation ............... 29 28.1 Mef2 role in control of striated muscle growth a ...
Sample Chapter
... Rhomboids (cut edge) Dotted line indicates outline of trapezius Longissimus thoracis ...
... Rhomboids (cut edge) Dotted line indicates outline of trapezius Longissimus thoracis ...
Enhancement of Murine Lymphokine-activated Killer Cell Activity by
... any, on lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity by retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A and a differentiation enhancer. Retinoic acid alone was shown to induce no cytotoxicity generated from nylon wool-treated nonadherent murine (BALB/c) splenocytes against natural killer-resista ...
... any, on lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity by retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A and a differentiation enhancer. Retinoic acid alone was shown to induce no cytotoxicity generated from nylon wool-treated nonadherent murine (BALB/c) splenocytes against natural killer-resista ...
"Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Cell Surface Antigens". In
... During the last 25 years, large numbers of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been produced that have facilitated the purification and functional characterization of a plethora of leukocyte surface molecules. The antibodies have been even more useful as markers for cell populations, allowing the coun ...
... During the last 25 years, large numbers of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been produced that have facilitated the purification and functional characterization of a plethora of leukocyte surface molecules. The antibodies have been even more useful as markers for cell populations, allowing the coun ...
Golgi Regeneration after Brefeldin A Treatment in
... (Reinke et al., 2004) and mammalian cells (AltanBonnet et al., 2006) has firmly established that the postmitotic reconstruction of the Golgi apparatus is dependent upon the reactivation of ER export activity. Although the GTPases Sar1 and Arf1 locate to the ER and the Golgi apparatus, respectively, ...
... (Reinke et al., 2004) and mammalian cells (AltanBonnet et al., 2006) has firmly established that the postmitotic reconstruction of the Golgi apparatus is dependent upon the reactivation of ER export activity. Although the GTPases Sar1 and Arf1 locate to the ER and the Golgi apparatus, respectively, ...
Centrosome Maturation and Mitotic Spindle Assembly in C. elegans
... 1). We then sequenced F56A3.4 in genomic DNA isolated from spd-5(or213ts) adults and identified a missense mutation caused by a single base change relative to the wild-type sequence (Figure 1B; see Experimental Procedures). Further confirming the identity of spd-5 and F56A3.4, SPD-5 protein is not d ...
... 1). We then sequenced F56A3.4 in genomic DNA isolated from spd-5(or213ts) adults and identified a missense mutation caused by a single base change relative to the wild-type sequence (Figure 1B; see Experimental Procedures). Further confirming the identity of spd-5 and F56A3.4, SPD-5 protein is not d ...
Out of the Mouths of Plants: The Molecular Basis of the Evolution
... (A) Schematic diagram of stomatal development. The cell states of stomatal precursors are driven by three paralogous bHLH transcription factors, which likely dimerize with SCRM and SCRM2 as a mechanism for coordinated action. Initial specification of the stomatal cell lineage, in which a protodermal ...
... (A) Schematic diagram of stomatal development. The cell states of stomatal precursors are driven by three paralogous bHLH transcription factors, which likely dimerize with SCRM and SCRM2 as a mechanism for coordinated action. Initial specification of the stomatal cell lineage, in which a protodermal ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in
... contribute to cell wall structure through the formation of borate diol-esters (Ishii et al., 1999; O’Neill et al., 2001; O’Neill et al., 2004). The non-cross-linked pectins, which are presumably most abundant at the extreme apex of the cell, render the wall extensible, whereas Ca2+ and borate cross- ...
... contribute to cell wall structure through the formation of borate diol-esters (Ishii et al., 1999; O’Neill et al., 2001; O’Neill et al., 2004). The non-cross-linked pectins, which are presumably most abundant at the extreme apex of the cell, render the wall extensible, whereas Ca2+ and borate cross- ...
Regulation of Metabolic Events during Embryo Development
... proembryogenic masses (PEMs), early embryo differentiation and normal late embryo development. In contrast, aberrant late embryo formation was associated with elevated levels of endogenous fructose during embryo differentiation. A subsequent study found that embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce exh ...
... proembryogenic masses (PEMs), early embryo differentiation and normal late embryo development. In contrast, aberrant late embryo formation was associated with elevated levels of endogenous fructose during embryo differentiation. A subsequent study found that embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce exh ...
NO 3
... to one another. Thus in the translocation between two pathways, water and solutes must pass through the connecting tissues (such as transfer cell). Phloem absorbs water from the surrounding tissues which in turn obtain water from xylems. On average about 5% of water transported in an upward directio ...
... to one another. Thus in the translocation between two pathways, water and solutes must pass through the connecting tissues (such as transfer cell). Phloem absorbs water from the surrounding tissues which in turn obtain water from xylems. On average about 5% of water transported in an upward directio ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in
... contribute to cell wall structure through the formation of borate diol-esters (Ishii et al., 1999; O’Neill et al., 2001; O’Neill et al., 2004). The non-cross-linked pectins, which are presumably most abundant at the extreme apex of the cell, render the wall extensible, whereas Ca2+ and borate cross- ...
... contribute to cell wall structure through the formation of borate diol-esters (Ishii et al., 1999; O’Neill et al., 2001; O’Neill et al., 2004). The non-cross-linked pectins, which are presumably most abundant at the extreme apex of the cell, render the wall extensible, whereas Ca2+ and borate cross- ...
Specialization of Oleosins in Oil Body Dynamics
... are mainly composed of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids (Baud et al., 2002). The lipids are primarily stored as triacylglycerols (TAGs) in LDs, more commonly called oil bodies (OBs; Hsieh and Huang, 2004; Chapman et al., 2012; Chapman and Ohlrogge, 2012) of diameter 0.5 to 2 mm (Tzen et al., 1993 ...
... are mainly composed of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids (Baud et al., 2002). The lipids are primarily stored as triacylglycerols (TAGs) in LDs, more commonly called oil bodies (OBs; Hsieh and Huang, 2004; Chapman et al., 2012; Chapman and Ohlrogge, 2012) of diameter 0.5 to 2 mm (Tzen et al., 1993 ...
Folie 1 - German Cancer Research Center
... • MHC class I and II molecules have different structure, different distribution on cells in the body, and different function • Peptides, that bind to MHC class I or II are derived of different compartments and are of different length • The expression of MHC class I molecules can be regulated by inte ...
... • MHC class I and II molecules have different structure, different distribution on cells in the body, and different function • Peptides, that bind to MHC class I or II are derived of different compartments and are of different length • The expression of MHC class I molecules can be regulated by inte ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).