Shier, Butler, and Lewis: Hole`s Human Anatomy and Physiology
... 3. During their development, membranelike layers of relatively undifferentiated connective tissue appear at the sites of their future bones. 4. Dense networks of blood vessels supply the connective tissue layers. 5. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells. 6. Osteoblasts deposit bony matrix around themse ...
... 3. During their development, membranelike layers of relatively undifferentiated connective tissue appear at the sites of their future bones. 4. Dense networks of blood vessels supply the connective tissue layers. 5. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells. 6. Osteoblasts deposit bony matrix around themse ...
Dynamics of Cell Movement and Tissue Motion in Gastrulation and
... Counts of cells moving into the FOV for image set II. . . . . . . ...
... Counts of cells moving into the FOV for image set II. . . . . . . ...
NADPH oxidases as electrochemical generators to produce ion
... six transmembrane a-helices. EF—Ca2þ-binding EF-hand motif. PRR—proline-rich region, Src homology-3 domain. DUOX1 and DUOX2 were called dual oxidases because they have an additional ‘peroxidase’-like motif at their N-terminus on the outer surface of the membrane [27]. The product of the DUOXs is H2O ...
... six transmembrane a-helices. EF—Ca2þ-binding EF-hand motif. PRR—proline-rich region, Src homology-3 domain. DUOX1 and DUOX2 were called dual oxidases because they have an additional ‘peroxidase’-like motif at their N-terminus on the outer surface of the membrane [27]. The product of the DUOXs is H2O ...
biological membranes and membrane transport
... which are later combined to form sucrose and starch. ...
... which are later combined to form sucrose and starch. ...
TNF-induced endothelial barrier disruption: beyond actin and Rho
... TNF-mediated increase of endothelial permeability: beyond actin and Rho Experiments performed in macrovascular endothelial cells with specific siRNA or inhibitors reveal a cooperative role of ROCKI and ROCKII in the homeostatic maintenance of the endothelial barrier, which is disrupted upon double R ...
... TNF-mediated increase of endothelial permeability: beyond actin and Rho Experiments performed in macrovascular endothelial cells with specific siRNA or inhibitors reveal a cooperative role of ROCKI and ROCKII in the homeostatic maintenance of the endothelial barrier, which is disrupted upon double R ...
collagen in odontogenic tumours
... dermis of the skin and type II in bone and cartilage where their most important function is to provide strength to the tissue. Collagen type III is found in reticulin fibres around blood vessels and the viscera where their flexibility allows movement, expansion and contraction [2]. Collagen types I- ...
... dermis of the skin and type II in bone and cartilage where their most important function is to provide strength to the tissue. Collagen type III is found in reticulin fibres around blood vessels and the viscera where their flexibility allows movement, expansion and contraction [2]. Collagen types I- ...
Physiology Lecture 63
... – Bactericidal agents • Some bacteria, ex. tuberculosis bacillus, have coats resistant to lysosomal digestion and secrete substances that partially resist the killing effects of the neutrophils and macrophages These bacteria are responsible for many of the chronic diseases (tuberculosis) Tanveer Raz ...
... – Bactericidal agents • Some bacteria, ex. tuberculosis bacillus, have coats resistant to lysosomal digestion and secrete substances that partially resist the killing effects of the neutrophils and macrophages These bacteria are responsible for many of the chronic diseases (tuberculosis) Tanveer Raz ...
regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion by
... Dynamic rearrangements of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion are required for various cellular processes, such as shape changes, migration, and cytokinesis (1–4). These temporal and spatial reorganizations of cell structure and cell contacts can be stimulated by extracellular signals, including grow ...
... Dynamic rearrangements of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion are required for various cellular processes, such as shape changes, migration, and cytokinesis (1–4). These temporal and spatial reorganizations of cell structure and cell contacts can be stimulated by extracellular signals, including grow ...
Gene Section KSR1 (kinase suppressor of ras 1)
... Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. However, there are several published studies that sustain that KSR1 has catalytic activity. KSR1 is recognized as a pseudokinase, since mammalian KSR1 does not possess the lysine responsible for ATP orientation and hydrolysis in the putative kinase domain. This lysine is ...
... Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. However, there are several published studies that sustain that KSR1 has catalytic activity. KSR1 is recognized as a pseudokinase, since mammalian KSR1 does not possess the lysine responsible for ATP orientation and hydrolysis in the putative kinase domain. This lysine is ...
VASCULAR TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND
... Plant vascular tissues, xylem and phloem, evolved as early as the Silurian period some 430 million years ago. Evolution of vascular tissues solved the problem of long-distance transport of water and food, thus enabling early vascular plants to gradually colonize the land (71). In primitive vascular ...
... Plant vascular tissues, xylem and phloem, evolved as early as the Silurian period some 430 million years ago. Evolution of vascular tissues solved the problem of long-distance transport of water and food, thus enabling early vascular plants to gradually colonize the land (71). In primitive vascular ...
A mutant Escherichia coli that attaches peptidoglycan to
... surface of the outer membrane instead of incorporating them into the cell wall. The stray peptidoglycans on the cell's surface act as decoys, binding to vancomycin and keeping the drug from reaching its true target—the cell wall. The decoy strategy is similar to a mechanism used by Gram-positive bac ...
... surface of the outer membrane instead of incorporating them into the cell wall. The stray peptidoglycans on the cell's surface act as decoys, binding to vancomycin and keeping the drug from reaching its true target—the cell wall. The decoy strategy is similar to a mechanism used by Gram-positive bac ...
Introduction to Human Anatomy
... Cells vary in size and shape. Most of the cells contain similar type of intracellular components. Average size of mammalian cell is 10-2 mm in diameter. Every cell comprises following parts. 1. Cell wall (cell membrane) 2. Protoplasm, consisting of Cytoplasm and Nucleus Cell Wall It is also called a ...
... Cells vary in size and shape. Most of the cells contain similar type of intracellular components. Average size of mammalian cell is 10-2 mm in diameter. Every cell comprises following parts. 1. Cell wall (cell membrane) 2. Protoplasm, consisting of Cytoplasm and Nucleus Cell Wall It is also called a ...
The Type II Arabidopsis Formin14 Interacts with Microtubules and
... cage around the spindle, and very few filaments remained in the spindle (Figure 3A). In addition, the microfilament band in control cells was thinner than the microtubule band in phragmoplasts (Figure 3B). Interestingly, in cells overexpressing AFH14-GFP, microfilaments codistributed with AFH14-GFP ...
... cage around the spindle, and very few filaments remained in the spindle (Figure 3A). In addition, the microfilament band in control cells was thinner than the microtubule band in phragmoplasts (Figure 3B). Interestingly, in cells overexpressing AFH14-GFP, microfilaments codistributed with AFH14-GFP ...
The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility
... mitochondria.2 BECN1 and PIK3C3/VPS34, for example, are pivotal in the formation of a lipid kinase complex, which in turn allows the recruitment and shuttling of ATG proteins that contribute to the generation of the phagophore, the initial sequestering compartment. Next, the ubiquitin-like conjugat ...
... mitochondria.2 BECN1 and PIK3C3/VPS34, for example, are pivotal in the formation of a lipid kinase complex, which in turn allows the recruitment and shuttling of ATG proteins that contribute to the generation of the phagophore, the initial sequestering compartment. Next, the ubiquitin-like conjugat ...
In situ proteo-metabolomics reveals metabolite secretion by
... Carnoulès AMD (Gard, France) has been extensively studied and appears to have an active role in bio-attenuation processes. Bacteria related to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiomonas spp. have been shown to oxidize Fe(II) and As(III), respectively, leading to co-precipitation of less bio-avail ...
... Carnoulès AMD (Gard, France) has been extensively studied and appears to have an active role in bio-attenuation processes. Bacteria related to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiomonas spp. have been shown to oxidize Fe(II) and As(III), respectively, leading to co-precipitation of less bio-avail ...
Homeostasis and the Importance for a Balance
... Fig. (1). Schematic diagram of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Insulin or insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulation is shown to represent growth factor signaling. Upon activation the insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate (IRS), which activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinas ...
... Fig. (1). Schematic diagram of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Insulin or insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulation is shown to represent growth factor signaling. Upon activation the insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate (IRS), which activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinas ...
Title Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis surface topographical
... not be neglected since it is unclear how these might contribute to the rate of bacterial adhesion and potentially the characteristics of the subsequent biofilm. This work provides a framework by which novel membranes with deliberate micro-topographical modification [25, 27, 28, 30-32], can be assess ...
... not be neglected since it is unclear how these might contribute to the rate of bacterial adhesion and potentially the characteristics of the subsequent biofilm. This work provides a framework by which novel membranes with deliberate micro-topographical modification [25, 27, 28, 30-32], can be assess ...
The relative roles of specific N- and C
... were generously provided by Drs G. Vande-Woude of the NIH (Yew et al., 1992) and R. Arlinghaus of the MD Anderson Hospital (Liu et al., 1990). A rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against the conserved PSTAIRE peptide found in all cyclin-dependent kinases was prepared in our own laboratory. Identif ...
... were generously provided by Drs G. Vande-Woude of the NIH (Yew et al., 1992) and R. Arlinghaus of the MD Anderson Hospital (Liu et al., 1990). A rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against the conserved PSTAIRE peptide found in all cyclin-dependent kinases was prepared in our own laboratory. Identif ...
Protection of Drosophila chromosome ends with minimal telomere
... three non-LTR retrotransposons (Het-A, TAHRE and TART) (reviewed in Pardue and DeBaryshe 2011), that has been estimated to vary in length from ca. 20 to 150 kb (Capkova Frydrychova et al. 2008). Drosophila chromosome ends are also bound by a protective protein complex that constitutes a functional a ...
... three non-LTR retrotransposons (Het-A, TAHRE and TART) (reviewed in Pardue and DeBaryshe 2011), that has been estimated to vary in length from ca. 20 to 150 kb (Capkova Frydrychova et al. 2008). Drosophila chromosome ends are also bound by a protective protein complex that constitutes a functional a ...
Doehrty-McMahon 2009
... cellular chemistry, either by the specific accumulation of proteins on their surfaces (increasing the avidity of protein-protein interactions) or by creating diffusion barriers between their lumina and the cytoplasm. Changes in the distribution, protein and lipid composition, and luminal content of t ...
... cellular chemistry, either by the specific accumulation of proteins on their surfaces (increasing the avidity of protein-protein interactions) or by creating diffusion barriers between their lumina and the cytoplasm. Changes in the distribution, protein and lipid composition, and luminal content of t ...
Evolutionary Novelties: How Fish Have Built a Heater Out of Muscle1
... Built a Heater Out of Muscle1 BARBARA A. BLOCK ...
... Built a Heater Out of Muscle1 BARBARA A. BLOCK ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).