Chapter 4 - A Tour of the Cell 08-09
... from the environment and dispose of wastes. • The ratio of surface are to volume imposes limits on cell size • Muscle and nerve cells can be very long because they are thin and have more surface area compared to volume Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... from the environment and dispose of wastes. • The ratio of surface are to volume imposes limits on cell size • Muscle and nerve cells can be very long because they are thin and have more surface area compared to volume Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
The neutrophil in vascular inflammation
... defense against bacterial infections and also against sterile injury. In these settings, neutrophils are recruited by various mechanisms depending on the situation. We also describe how these processes may be disrupted in systemic infections, with a particular emphasis on mouse models of sepsis. Neu ...
... defense against bacterial infections and also against sterile injury. In these settings, neutrophils are recruited by various mechanisms depending on the situation. We also describe how these processes may be disrupted in systemic infections, with a particular emphasis on mouse models of sepsis. Neu ...
FERRITIN: A POTENT INHIBITOR OF VASCULAR CALCIFICATION
... Elevated levels of Pi may directly induce vascular injury and indirectly stimulate osteoblastic differentiation through a type III sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter (Pit-1). Studies suggest that elevated intracellular Pi may directly stimulate SMC to transform into calcifying cells by activa ...
... Elevated levels of Pi may directly induce vascular injury and indirectly stimulate osteoblastic differentiation through a type III sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter (Pit-1). Studies suggest that elevated intracellular Pi may directly stimulate SMC to transform into calcifying cells by activa ...
Photosynthesis Research
... slide surfaces have caused about 15 grana to become sufficiently detached as to form a loop extending away from the main body of the chloroplast. Six grana in the loop are very conspicuous, and two arrows point to fine threads connecting grana just at the limit of resolution of the phase microscope. T ...
... slide surfaces have caused about 15 grana to become sufficiently detached as to form a loop extending away from the main body of the chloroplast. Six grana in the loop are very conspicuous, and two arrows point to fine threads connecting grana just at the limit of resolution of the phase microscope. T ...
Here - Events
... division cycle timing and thus eventually grow as much than cells with larger growth rates. In Raji cells, the same inverse correlation between volume at birth and cell cycle length is found but it is not sufficient to allow small cells to gain the same amount of volume than big cells. We are now co ...
... division cycle timing and thus eventually grow as much than cells with larger growth rates. In Raji cells, the same inverse correlation between volume at birth and cell cycle length is found but it is not sufficient to allow small cells to gain the same amount of volume than big cells. We are now co ...
Rb is required for progression through myogenic differentiation but
... (MHC) is reduced. In addition, serum restimulation of these differentiated pRb-deficient myoblasts results in BrdU incorporation and, thus, S-phase entry and DNA synthesis. However, these cells are unable to enter mitosis. Moreover, forced expression of MyoD in a variety of Rb/ fibroblastic cells ...
... (MHC) is reduced. In addition, serum restimulation of these differentiated pRb-deficient myoblasts results in BrdU incorporation and, thus, S-phase entry and DNA synthesis. However, these cells are unable to enter mitosis. Moreover, forced expression of MyoD in a variety of Rb/ fibroblastic cells ...
The Molecular Basis of the Evolution and Diversity of Stomatal
... (A) Schematic diagram of stomatal development. The cell states of stomatal precursors are driven by three paralogous bHLH transcription factors, which likely dimerize with SCRM and SCRM2 as a mechanism for coordinated action. Initial specification of the stomatal cell lineage, in which a protodermal ...
... (A) Schematic diagram of stomatal development. The cell states of stomatal precursors are driven by three paralogous bHLH transcription factors, which likely dimerize with SCRM and SCRM2 as a mechanism for coordinated action. Initial specification of the stomatal cell lineage, in which a protodermal ...
Intrinsic Regulation of Cambial Growth
... within the realm of “toy research” (Horn 1880; Sprague and Sprague 1976). Some research areas relevant to secondary growth nevertheless have begun to flourish, and a number of recent reviews have addressed questions of regulation (Fukuda and others 1998; Altmann 1999; Kost and others 1999; Lachaud a ...
... within the realm of “toy research” (Horn 1880; Sprague and Sprague 1976). Some research areas relevant to secondary growth nevertheless have begun to flourish, and a number of recent reviews have addressed questions of regulation (Fukuda and others 1998; Altmann 1999; Kost and others 1999; Lachaud a ...
Exosomes with major histocompatibility complex class II and
... The authors report for the first time that exosomes are present in BALF. These exosomes are similar to MDDC derived exosomes as they express MHC class I and II, CD54, CD63 and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. The results demonstrate that exosomes are present in the lung, and since they contain both ...
... The authors report for the first time that exosomes are present in BALF. These exosomes are similar to MDDC derived exosomes as they express MHC class I and II, CD54, CD63 and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. The results demonstrate that exosomes are present in the lung, and since they contain both ...
Churchill, a Zinc Finger Transcriptional Activator, Regulates the
... to an epidermal fate. We have also found that 5 hr exposure to either organizer-derived (Hensen’s node) signals or to FGF8 are required to sensitize cells to BMP antagonists, which then stabilize the expression of Sox3 (Streit et al., 1998). It therefore became important to define the differences be ...
... to an epidermal fate. We have also found that 5 hr exposure to either organizer-derived (Hensen’s node) signals or to FGF8 are required to sensitize cells to BMP antagonists, which then stabilize the expression of Sox3 (Streit et al., 1998). It therefore became important to define the differences be ...
Electron Microscopy of Intermediate Filaments: Teaming up with
... 1982). The involvement of plectin in the interaction of IFs with both microtubules and microfilaments in cultured cells was eventually demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopic methods (Clubb et al., 2000; Svitkina et al., 1996). It was noted frequently that IFs may position the nucleus within the ...
... 1982). The involvement of plectin in the interaction of IFs with both microtubules and microfilaments in cultured cells was eventually demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopic methods (Clubb et al., 2000; Svitkina et al., 1996). It was noted frequently that IFs may position the nucleus within the ...
Regulation of the Eukaryotic Redox-State through - diss.fu
... can also damage macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and fatty acids by oxidation, and has influence on many biochemical reactions whose function is impaired upon an redox-imbalance [17]. A shift of the redox-balance toward oxidizing molecules, also termed oxidative stress, is therefore a ...
... can also damage macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and fatty acids by oxidation, and has influence on many biochemical reactions whose function is impaired upon an redox-imbalance [17]. A shift of the redox-balance toward oxidizing molecules, also termed oxidative stress, is therefore a ...
MAPK Phosphatase AP2C3 Induces Ectopic Proliferation of
... motif (KIM). KIM has been found in many eukaryotic MAPKinteracting proteins, such as MAPKKs, transcription factors (TFs), PTPs, and demonstrated to be important for interaction with MAPKs [28]. This domain is present also in several members of cluster B Arabidopsis PP2C gene family: AP2C1, AP2C2, AP ...
... motif (KIM). KIM has been found in many eukaryotic MAPKinteracting proteins, such as MAPKKs, transcription factors (TFs), PTPs, and demonstrated to be important for interaction with MAPKs [28]. This domain is present also in several members of cluster B Arabidopsis PP2C gene family: AP2C1, AP2C2, AP ...
The involvement of the Notch locus in Drosophila oogenesis
... fate within a particular tissue often depends on regulative events between neighboring cells. The Notch gene has been shown to play a central role in cell interactions necessary for regulative decisions throughout development (Artavanis-Tsakonas and Simpson, 1991). Notch encodes an ~300×103 Mr trans ...
... fate within a particular tissue often depends on regulative events between neighboring cells. The Notch gene has been shown to play a central role in cell interactions necessary for regulative decisions throughout development (Artavanis-Tsakonas and Simpson, 1991). Notch encodes an ~300×103 Mr trans ...
H ydrop hobicity-hydrop hilicity of staphylococci
... Trypsin treatment converted strains from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Isolated bacterial cell wall preparation, either crude or purified, and peptidoglycan were hydrophilic. These results indicate that the determinant of hydrophobicity is a protein or protein-associated molecule localised at the cell ...
... Trypsin treatment converted strains from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Isolated bacterial cell wall preparation, either crude or purified, and peptidoglycan were hydrophilic. These results indicate that the determinant of hydrophobicity is a protein or protein-associated molecule localised at the cell ...
Epithelial and Stromal Developmental Patterns in a Novel Substitute
... not always available, especially when the skin damage is over a large area [Shevchenko et al., 2010]. In addition, the management of many patients may require more than one surgical procedure, which is often associated with high morbidity at the donor and recipient sites, and surgeons need to avoid ...
... not always available, especially when the skin damage is over a large area [Shevchenko et al., 2010]. In addition, the management of many patients may require more than one surgical procedure, which is often associated with high morbidity at the donor and recipient sites, and surgeons need to avoid ...
Session 241 Ganglion Cells: Development, axotomy, trauma
... leading to visual impairment, seems to be mediated by programed cell death. Therefore, activation of survival pathways, such as that of PI3K/Akt, is a potential therapeutical target to delay retinal degeneration. The aim of this study is to test in retinal explants the effect of PTD4-PI3KAc, a synth ...
... leading to visual impairment, seems to be mediated by programed cell death. Therefore, activation of survival pathways, such as that of PI3K/Akt, is a potential therapeutical target to delay retinal degeneration. The aim of this study is to test in retinal explants the effect of PTD4-PI3KAc, a synth ...
Graft Rejection following Burn Injury Mechanism for Effective
... increased risk of infection, that uncontrolled also can result in MODS and death. The controlling mechanisms for initiating and sustaining the development of SIRS and CARS have not been fully elucidated and attempts to modulate either response with cytokine therapy have largely been unsuccessful (10 ...
... increased risk of infection, that uncontrolled also can result in MODS and death. The controlling mechanisms for initiating and sustaining the development of SIRS and CARS have not been fully elucidated and attempts to modulate either response with cytokine therapy have largely been unsuccessful (10 ...
Bacterial chromosome segregation
... XerCD recombinases bound to the dif sites that become trapped in the closing septum. In the presence of chromosome dimers FtsK can load onto DNA close to the dif locus and cause a conformational switch in turn activating Xer recombination. The C-terminal domain of FtsK, which functions as a hexameri ...
... XerCD recombinases bound to the dif sites that become trapped in the closing septum. In the presence of chromosome dimers FtsK can load onto DNA close to the dif locus and cause a conformational switch in turn activating Xer recombination. The C-terminal domain of FtsK, which functions as a hexameri ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).