Doehrty-McMahon 2009
... cellular chemistry, either by the specific accumulation of proteins on their surfaces (increasing the avidity of protein-protein interactions) or by creating diffusion barriers between their lumina and the cytoplasm. Changes in the distribution, protein and lipid composition, and luminal content of t ...
... cellular chemistry, either by the specific accumulation of proteins on their surfaces (increasing the avidity of protein-protein interactions) or by creating diffusion barriers between their lumina and the cytoplasm. Changes in the distribution, protein and lipid composition, and luminal content of t ...
Germ Cell Speci fi cation - Molecular Biology and Genetics
... cytoplasm inherited from the oocyte (Seydoux and Braun 2006). In this section, we describe evidence for each of these mechanisms acting in C. elegans. ...
... cytoplasm inherited from the oocyte (Seydoux and Braun 2006). In this section, we describe evidence for each of these mechanisms acting in C. elegans. ...
Expip is a cargo adaptor for Sec24p ... export the plasma membrane H+ ATPase from the
... of which is coated with ribosomes that allow coupling of protein translation with translocation into the ER. As newly synthesized proteins emerge from the ribosome, they can interact directly with the translocation machinery. There are three distinct mechanisms of translocation depending on the loca ...
... of which is coated with ribosomes that allow coupling of protein translation with translocation into the ER. As newly synthesized proteins emerge from the ribosome, they can interact directly with the translocation machinery. There are three distinct mechanisms of translocation depending on the loca ...
Molecular mechanism of protrusion formation during Listeria Keith Ireton Luciano A. Rigano
... stimulates Arp2/3 through recruitment of a human nucleation promoting factor known as N-WASP. Unlike ActA or IcsA, the Rickettsia surface protein Sca2 directly promotes assembly of actin filaments independently of Arp2/3 or other host factors. Sca2 may act as a functional mimic of a class of eukaryo ...
... stimulates Arp2/3 through recruitment of a human nucleation promoting factor known as N-WASP. Unlike ActA or IcsA, the Rickettsia surface protein Sca2 directly promotes assembly of actin filaments independently of Arp2/3 or other host factors. Sca2 may act as a functional mimic of a class of eukaryo ...
Plant development, auxin, and the subsystem
... fungi, and bacteria, including the cyanobacteria (Spaepen et al., 2007; Ross and Reid, 2010). A tryptophan-dependent pathway using indole-3-acetamide (IAM) as an intermediate to synthesize the most common auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), has been identified in methylobacteria (Hornschuh et al., 200 ...
... fungi, and bacteria, including the cyanobacteria (Spaepen et al., 2007; Ross and Reid, 2010). A tryptophan-dependent pathway using indole-3-acetamide (IAM) as an intermediate to synthesize the most common auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), has been identified in methylobacteria (Hornschuh et al., 200 ...
Ultrastructure of the Pulmonary Alveolar Cells of Rats Exposed to
... particulates in the smoke has bound to the cell membrane of type II pneumocytes and affected its capability of surfactant secretion. Aracil et al.[24] reported a similar suggestion for materials which can alter cell membrane properties of type II cells and subsequently reduce the release of intracel ...
... particulates in the smoke has bound to the cell membrane of type II pneumocytes and affected its capability of surfactant secretion. Aracil et al.[24] reported a similar suggestion for materials which can alter cell membrane properties of type II cells and subsequently reduce the release of intracel ...
High density lipoprotein-associated lysosphingolipids reduce E
... affected total E-selectin levels in unstimulated cells. However, preincubation of HUVECs for 15 min with HDL (1 g/L), SPC (10 lmol/L), and LSF (20 lmol/L) prior to cytokine stimulation for 6 h markedly restricted TNF-a-induced E-selectin induction (Fig. 2A). As shown in Fig. 2B, the effects of HDL, SP ...
... affected total E-selectin levels in unstimulated cells. However, preincubation of HUVECs for 15 min with HDL (1 g/L), SPC (10 lmol/L), and LSF (20 lmol/L) prior to cytokine stimulation for 6 h markedly restricted TNF-a-induced E-selectin induction (Fig. 2A). As shown in Fig. 2B, the effects of HDL, SP ...
High Peak SAR Exposure Unit With Tight Exposure and
... 0.1 C) for levels of the specific absorption rate (SAR) as high as the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) limit for local exposures set for the general population, i.e., SAR of 2 W/kg [5]. 2) The setup needs to provide high SAR efficiency since exposures at this ...
... 0.1 C) for levels of the specific absorption rate (SAR) as high as the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) limit for local exposures set for the general population, i.e., SAR of 2 W/kg [5]. 2) The setup needs to provide high SAR efficiency since exposures at this ...
05_Microb_biofilm_I_2014
... = the time required to reduce the No of microbes to 1/10 = = the time required to kill 90 % of microbes present (at the specific temperature) ...
... = the time required to reduce the No of microbes to 1/10 = = the time required to kill 90 % of microbes present (at the specific temperature) ...
in pdf format
... formulation can restore homeostasis of the local inflammatory mechanisms and, consequently, assist in the prophylaxis or treatment of this condition. It is known that mycobacterial cell wall formulations (MCWF) possess adjuvant activity and have been used in many vaccine formulations. In the present ...
... formulation can restore homeostasis of the local inflammatory mechanisms and, consequently, assist in the prophylaxis or treatment of this condition. It is known that mycobacterial cell wall formulations (MCWF) possess adjuvant activity and have been used in many vaccine formulations. In the present ...
Tendons, Ligaments, Joints
... actions, it would be impossible for the body to move in the way it does. Since tendons are important for the body to move, it is important to keep them strong, healthy, and free from harm. The composition of tendons is much like gelatin, but harder and not as elastic. They are made of special cells ...
... actions, it would be impossible for the body to move in the way it does. Since tendons are important for the body to move, it is important to keep them strong, healthy, and free from harm. The composition of tendons is much like gelatin, but harder and not as elastic. They are made of special cells ...
Synthesis and characterization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate
... polyesters and elastomers, which accumulate as cytoplasmic inclusions in certain bacteria during unbalanced growth conditions1-3, usually characterized by an excess carbon supply and the lack of one or more essential nutrients4. About 150 different hydroxyalkanoic acids have been identified as const ...
... polyesters and elastomers, which accumulate as cytoplasmic inclusions in certain bacteria during unbalanced growth conditions1-3, usually characterized by an excess carbon supply and the lack of one or more essential nutrients4. About 150 different hydroxyalkanoic acids have been identified as const ...
Spatial and temporal regulation of DNA
... barley grains, not only is the embryo unable to initiate the germination processes, but that the aleurone is impaired in its activities as well (Schuurink et al., 1992; Wang et al., 1995). After contributing their hydrolytic enzymes, the aleurone cells will not become part of the young plant but are ...
... barley grains, not only is the embryo unable to initiate the germination processes, but that the aleurone is impaired in its activities as well (Schuurink et al., 1992; Wang et al., 1995). After contributing their hydrolytic enzymes, the aleurone cells will not become part of the young plant but are ...
Caveolae as potential macromolecule trafficking
... With inhalational delivery the alveolar epithelium appears to be the appropriate lung surface to target for the systemic delivery of macromolecules, such as therapeutic proteins. The existence of a high numerical density of smooth-coated or non-coated plasma membrane vesicles or invaginations within ...
... With inhalational delivery the alveolar epithelium appears to be the appropriate lung surface to target for the systemic delivery of macromolecules, such as therapeutic proteins. The existence of a high numerical density of smooth-coated or non-coated plasma membrane vesicles or invaginations within ...
Farnesoid X Receptor Ligands Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
... in VSMCs.10 These newer selective FXR ligands, 6ECDCA and GW4064, similarly induced the FXR target gene SHP and cause VSMC death at higher concentrations, consistent with their relative potencies on FXR.11,25,26Although we find in other systems that high concentrations of GW4064 induce caspase-3– de ...
... in VSMCs.10 These newer selective FXR ligands, 6ECDCA and GW4064, similarly induced the FXR target gene SHP and cause VSMC death at higher concentrations, consistent with their relative potencies on FXR.11,25,26Although we find in other systems that high concentrations of GW4064 induce caspase-3– de ...
Nucleolus-like body of mouse oocytes contains lamin A and B and
... have been found at the NLB periphery or in its vacuole: coilin, polymerase II, and splicing factors [3, 9]. Recently, the following nucleolar proteins have been discovered in the dense fibre centre of NLB, under special treatments: UBF, fibrillarin, NPM1, C23 [14, 15], NPM2 [16], and RPL26 [15]. Thi ...
... have been found at the NLB periphery or in its vacuole: coilin, polymerase II, and splicing factors [3, 9]. Recently, the following nucleolar proteins have been discovered in the dense fibre centre of NLB, under special treatments: UBF, fibrillarin, NPM1, C23 [14, 15], NPM2 [16], and RPL26 [15]. Thi ...
Tomato: a model species for fruit growth and development studies
... evidence at the molecular level for a physiological role of ABA in cell wall catabolism related to fruit ripening. According to these results, ABA directly participates in the cell wall catabolism involved in fruit ripening via regulation of the expression of a suite of important genes during this p ...
... evidence at the molecular level for a physiological role of ABA in cell wall catabolism related to fruit ripening. According to these results, ABA directly participates in the cell wall catabolism involved in fruit ripening via regulation of the expression of a suite of important genes during this p ...
Study of moss vacuoles and functional
... The endomembrane system (secretory pathway) of plant cells has been studied by analogy with those of animals and yeasts, which have been well characterized. In plants, the secretory pathway comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as site of protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus (GA) as m ...
... The endomembrane system (secretory pathway) of plant cells has been studied by analogy with those of animals and yeasts, which have been well characterized. In plants, the secretory pathway comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as site of protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus (GA) as m ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).