Mobile Factories: Golgi dynamics in plant cells
... A large-scale search of plant EST sequences for components of the ER-Golgi transport machinery uncovered a number of expressed genes that show significant similarity to their animal or yeast counterparts8. The high sequence similarity of the encoded proteins suggests that the plant homologues perfor ...
... A large-scale search of plant EST sequences for components of the ER-Golgi transport machinery uncovered a number of expressed genes that show significant similarity to their animal or yeast counterparts8. The high sequence similarity of the encoded proteins suggests that the plant homologues perfor ...
Actin machinery: pushing the envelope Gary G Borisy* and Tatyana
... the tail is mediated by N-WASP, which binds IcsA, F-actin and the Arp2/3 complex, and which may function like VASP to keep barbed ends close to the bacterial surface [27••]. In cells, VASP family proteins may play a role similar to that proposed for Listeria, as they have been found at the tips of f ...
... the tail is mediated by N-WASP, which binds IcsA, F-actin and the Arp2/3 complex, and which may function like VASP to keep barbed ends close to the bacterial surface [27••]. In cells, VASP family proteins may play a role similar to that proposed for Listeria, as they have been found at the tips of f ...
Arabidopsis – a powerful model system for plant cell wall research
... identification and characterization of genes encoding proteins involved in the biosynthesis of Arabidopsis cellwall polysaccharides and arabinogalactan proteins. These studies have improved our understanding of both the mechanisms of cell-wall biosynthesis and the functions of various cell-wall poly ...
... identification and characterization of genes encoding proteins involved in the biosynthesis of Arabidopsis cellwall polysaccharides and arabinogalactan proteins. These studies have improved our understanding of both the mechanisms of cell-wall biosynthesis and the functions of various cell-wall poly ...
Characterization of the Enzymatic Component of the ADP
... Here we studied the enzyme component of CDT and characterized its enzyme activity. We show that the N-terminal part of CDTa is responsible for interaction with the binding component, whereas the C-terminal part harbors transferase activity. For delivery of CDTa into cells we used the Ib binding and ...
... Here we studied the enzyme component of CDT and characterized its enzyme activity. We show that the N-terminal part of CDTa is responsible for interaction with the binding component, whereas the C-terminal part harbors transferase activity. For delivery of CDTa into cells we used the Ib binding and ...
Published version
... with lower affinity (21, 22). The high resolution crystal structure of a co-crystal of the I domain of the ␣2 subunit of integrin bound to the triple helical peptide (GPO)2GFOGER(GPO)3 at 2.1-Å resolution has been reported (23). The integrin I domain shows many interactions with the GFOGER sequence ...
... with lower affinity (21, 22). The high resolution crystal structure of a co-crystal of the I domain of the ␣2 subunit of integrin bound to the triple helical peptide (GPO)2GFOGER(GPO)3 at 2.1-Å resolution has been reported (23). The integrin I domain shows many interactions with the GFOGER sequence ...
Loss of PTEN Promotes Tumor Development in
... tumor formation remain uncertain. The phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) is one of the genes on chromosome 10 whose of which the loss or inactivation may play an important role in melanoma tumorigenesis, but functional studies directly demonstrating PTEN involvement i ...
... tumor formation remain uncertain. The phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) is one of the genes on chromosome 10 whose of which the loss or inactivation may play an important role in melanoma tumorigenesis, but functional studies directly demonstrating PTEN involvement i ...
PDF
... hypoxic conditions. The transcription factor complex hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is a key mediator of adaptive responses to changes in cellular oxygen level (Semenza, 1998). HIF1 is a heterodimer that consists of HIF1␣, the oxygen sensitive subunit, and the constitutively expressed HIF1 (also ...
... hypoxic conditions. The transcription factor complex hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is a key mediator of adaptive responses to changes in cellular oxygen level (Semenza, 1998). HIF1 is a heterodimer that consists of HIF1␣, the oxygen sensitive subunit, and the constitutively expressed HIF1 (also ...
A Critical Role for Extracellular DNA in Dental Plaque Formation
... 1. School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 2. Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 3. Department of Physics, Durham University and 4. Department of Epidemiology, University of ...
... 1. School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 2. Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 3. Department of Physics, Durham University and 4. Department of Epidemiology, University of ...
Pathogenic Fungi bind Serum Amyloid P Component
... deposits such as occur in the various amyloidoses [1]. Serum amyloid P component is also found intracellularly on the amyloid particles of Alzheimer’s disease [10]. Consequently, SAP is an integral part of diseases caused by amyloid by binding to and stabilizing intra- and extracellular amyloid depo ...
... deposits such as occur in the various amyloidoses [1]. Serum amyloid P component is also found intracellularly on the amyloid particles of Alzheimer’s disease [10]. Consequently, SAP is an integral part of diseases caused by amyloid by binding to and stabilizing intra- and extracellular amyloid depo ...
Human pluripotent stem cells
... ever-improving purities and scales, our current understanding of the phenotype of these cardiomyocytes, and the challenges that must be overcome if human PSCs are to become a practical source of heart cells for in vitro modeling and in vivo cardiac regeneration. ...
... ever-improving purities and scales, our current understanding of the phenotype of these cardiomyocytes, and the challenges that must be overcome if human PSCs are to become a practical source of heart cells for in vitro modeling and in vivo cardiac regeneration. ...
Evidence for Multiple Calcium Response
... shuttered between acquisitions and exposure times minimized (typically 50–100 ms). Images were acquired every 2–5 s. Using these conditions, cells remained viable in the recording setup for over two hours without significant effects of dye bleaching or baseline shifts. The use of ratiometric imaging ...
... shuttered between acquisitions and exposure times minimized (typically 50–100 ms). Images were acquired every 2–5 s. Using these conditions, cells remained viable in the recording setup for over two hours without significant effects of dye bleaching or baseline shifts. The use of ratiometric imaging ...
Vaccinia Protein F12 Has Structural Similarity to Kinesin
... This paper concerns the transport of IEV to the cell surface and the roles of F12 and A36 proteins in that process. F12 and A36 are each important for virus transport within or between cells and have been called transport proteins [2]. However, these proteins have different roles. A36 is a membrane ...
... This paper concerns the transport of IEV to the cell surface and the roles of F12 and A36 proteins in that process. F12 and A36 are each important for virus transport within or between cells and have been called transport proteins [2]. However, these proteins have different roles. A36 is a membrane ...
Gram`s staining - Micro-Rao
... nonviable, gram-negative cells in a gram positive culture, but certain bacterial species are known for their gram variability even under optimal growth conditions. Some bacteria tend to appear Gram negative when grown in acidic medium. Loss of cell walls in Gram positive bacteria may render them Gra ...
... nonviable, gram-negative cells in a gram positive culture, but certain bacterial species are known for their gram variability even under optimal growth conditions. Some bacteria tend to appear Gram negative when grown in acidic medium. Loss of cell walls in Gram positive bacteria may render them Gra ...
An Auxin Gradient and Maximum in the Arabidopsis
... exogenous IAA was quickly transported down through the root system and metabolized, mainly to 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid and 2-oxoindole-3-acetyl-b-D-O-glucopyranose. The 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid was also the major catabolite observed in isolated protoplasts, while IAA conjugates were formed in mino ...
... exogenous IAA was quickly transported down through the root system and metabolized, mainly to 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid and 2-oxoindole-3-acetyl-b-D-O-glucopyranose. The 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid was also the major catabolite observed in isolated protoplasts, while IAA conjugates were formed in mino ...
LvNotch positions the ectoderm-endoderm boundary
... presumptive SMCs by underlying micromeres during early development, (Sherwood and McClay, 1999; Sweet et al., 1999; McClay et al., 2000), suggesting that LvNotch may be a component of the micromere-initiated vegetal-to-animal cascade of inductive signaling that influences the formation of endoderm. ...
... presumptive SMCs by underlying micromeres during early development, (Sherwood and McClay, 1999; Sweet et al., 1999; McClay et al., 2000), suggesting that LvNotch may be a component of the micromere-initiated vegetal-to-animal cascade of inductive signaling that influences the formation of endoderm. ...
Organization of the central nervous system
... existed. More recently, scientists have discovered much more about the structure and function of the BBB ...
... existed. More recently, scientists have discovered much more about the structure and function of the BBB ...
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTOR ROLE OF
... Type III Secretion System (T3SS) for which invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD) is a structural element. Previous studies have established that IpaD is secreted at levels beyond what is needed for its role as the T3SS needle tip protein. Furthermore, IpaD was recently shown to induce apoptosis in B lym ...
... Type III Secretion System (T3SS) for which invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD) is a structural element. Previous studies have established that IpaD is secreted at levels beyond what is needed for its role as the T3SS needle tip protein. Furthermore, IpaD was recently shown to induce apoptosis in B lym ...
Macrophage Exosomes Induce Placental Inflammatory Cytokines: A
... described 30 years ago, exosomes have experienced a resurgence of interest in the wake of the studies implicating their role in multiple cell–cell signalling events, particularly in the immune system. Exosomes are released by many types of immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells ...
... described 30 years ago, exosomes have experienced a resurgence of interest in the wake of the studies implicating their role in multiple cell–cell signalling events, particularly in the immune system. Exosomes are released by many types of immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells ...
A Monoclonal Antibody against a Laminin
... and pathways of migration The role of the ECM in the outgrowth and regeneration of peripheral neurites has been the subject of many recent studies in tissue culture (1, 17, 21, 30). When plated on the ECM deposited by a variety of different cultured cell lines, neurons respond rapidly with extensive ...
... and pathways of migration The role of the ECM in the outgrowth and regeneration of peripheral neurites has been the subject of many recent studies in tissue culture (1, 17, 21, 30). When plated on the ECM deposited by a variety of different cultured cell lines, neurons respond rapidly with extensive ...
y or edat
... Marie et al., 2005). It was used to assess the viability of Microcystis after exposure to an external environmental stress such as nutrient limitation and regeneration of gas vacuoles after ultrasonication. In the study of Brookes et al. (2000) they found that there was a correlation between the rec ...
... Marie et al., 2005). It was used to assess the viability of Microcystis after exposure to an external environmental stress such as nutrient limitation and regeneration of gas vacuoles after ultrasonication. In the study of Brookes et al. (2000) they found that there was a correlation between the rec ...
Bugging the cell wall of bacteria
... organisms on this planet. They have survived for millions of years by adapting to their ever-changing surroundings. Life as it is for humans would be impossible without the presence of bacteria, as they perform essential processes such as fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and the decompositio ...
... organisms on this planet. They have survived for millions of years by adapting to their ever-changing surroundings. Life as it is for humans would be impossible without the presence of bacteria, as they perform essential processes such as fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and the decompositio ...
BCL-6 Negatively Regulates Expression of the NF- p50 Subunit B1 p105/
... BCL-6⫺/⫺ mice fail to form GC and suffer from a severe hyperTh2-type inflammatory disease (6, 7). Because the development of both T and B cells as well as the T cell-independent Ab response are unperturbed in these mice, the GC and Th cell defects reflect BCL-6 function at specific stages of T and B ...
... BCL-6⫺/⫺ mice fail to form GC and suffer from a severe hyperTh2-type inflammatory disease (6, 7). Because the development of both T and B cells as well as the T cell-independent Ab response are unperturbed in these mice, the GC and Th cell defects reflect BCL-6 function at specific stages of T and B ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).