Slow axonal transport and the genesis of neuronal morphology
... probably already identified motors such as cytoplasmic dynein and members of the myosin and kinesin families. In fact, it has already been demonstrated that such motors, when adhered to glass coverslips, can support the rapid movement of cytoskeletal polymers along the surface of the glass (for revi ...
... probably already identified motors such as cytoplasmic dynein and members of the myosin and kinesin families. In fact, it has already been demonstrated that such motors, when adhered to glass coverslips, can support the rapid movement of cytoskeletal polymers along the surface of the glass (for revi ...
Human microcephaly ASPM protein is a spindle pole
... when the activity of kinesin-14 or a centrosomal MT nucleation factor is suppressed; normally, kinesin-14 and CDK5RAP2 are active enough to mask the function of ASPM in this cell type. This scenario may hold true for many other cell types in mammals. In a mouse model, mutations in Aspm cause a reduc ...
... when the activity of kinesin-14 or a centrosomal MT nucleation factor is suppressed; normally, kinesin-14 and CDK5RAP2 are active enough to mask the function of ASPM in this cell type. This scenario may hold true for many other cell types in mammals. In a mouse model, mutations in Aspm cause a reduc ...
The Pseudomonas syringae HrpJ protein controls the secretion of
... fractions. Interestingly, the two additional putative translocator proteins, the HopAK1 harpin and HrpK1, were not detectable in the supernatant fraction of the mutant indicating that HrpJ is required for their secretion (Fig. 1B). The HopP1 harpin was secreted by the hrpJ mutant (Fig. 1B) indicatin ...
... fractions. Interestingly, the two additional putative translocator proteins, the HopAK1 harpin and HrpK1, were not detectable in the supernatant fraction of the mutant indicating that HrpJ is required for their secretion (Fig. 1B). The HopP1 harpin was secreted by the hrpJ mutant (Fig. 1B) indicatin ...
Hormonally Regulated Programmed Cell Death in
... 1991). The effects of endogenous GA on the aleurone of mature barley grain can be manipulated experimentally by the application of GA to isolated aleurone layers and aleurone protoplasts (Chrispeels and Varner, 1967; Bush et al., 1986; Jones and Jacobsen, 1991). Many of these effects can be antagoni ...
... 1991). The effects of endogenous GA on the aleurone of mature barley grain can be manipulated experimentally by the application of GA to isolated aleurone layers and aleurone protoplasts (Chrispeels and Varner, 1967; Bush et al., 1986; Jones and Jacobsen, 1991). Many of these effects can be antagoni ...
Structure and Function of the TMJ Disc and Disc Attachments
... Structure and Function of the TMJ Disc and Disc Attachments The TMJ Disc The TMJ disc is a fibrocartilage tissue, biconcave and elliptical in shape. The disc provides low friction articulation surfaces in the joint. Moreover, its biconcave profile allows a smooth articulation between two incongruent ...
... Structure and Function of the TMJ Disc and Disc Attachments The TMJ Disc The TMJ disc is a fibrocartilage tissue, biconcave and elliptical in shape. The disc provides low friction articulation surfaces in the joint. Moreover, its biconcave profile allows a smooth articulation between two incongruent ...
Plant Cell, 20, 1623-1638. - McGill Biology
... and/or secrete mucilage have been studied, including mucilage modified4 (mum4) (Western et al., 2001, 2004), in which the production of mucilage in the seed coat has been disrupted. The MUM4 gene encodes a putative rhamnose synthase that is upregulated during the mucilage-producing stage of seed coa ...
... and/or secrete mucilage have been studied, including mucilage modified4 (mum4) (Western et al., 2001, 2004), in which the production of mucilage in the seed coat has been disrupted. The MUM4 gene encodes a putative rhamnose synthase that is upregulated during the mucilage-producing stage of seed coa ...
Maintenance of ZPA signaling in cultured mouse limb bud cells
... autonomous manner and supports the idea that a maintenance activity stabilizes the signaling ability of limb bud cells during development. We also provide evidence that this maintenance activity is present in supernatant from microdissociation cultures and also in medium conditioned by isolated ecto ...
... autonomous manner and supports the idea that a maintenance activity stabilizes the signaling ability of limb bud cells during development. We also provide evidence that this maintenance activity is present in supernatant from microdissociation cultures and also in medium conditioned by isolated ecto ...
Analysis of the Golgi Apparatus in Arabidopsis Seed
... and/or secrete mucilage have been studied, including mucilage modified4 (mum4) (Western et al., 2001, 2004), in which the production of mucilage in the seed coat has been disrupted. The MUM4 gene encodes a putative rhamnose synthase that is upregulated during the mucilage-producing stage of seed coa ...
... and/or secrete mucilage have been studied, including mucilage modified4 (mum4) (Western et al., 2001, 2004), in which the production of mucilage in the seed coat has been disrupted. The MUM4 gene encodes a putative rhamnose synthase that is upregulated during the mucilage-producing stage of seed coa ...
UNIT 1 – FORCE AND MOTION (SEPUP Force and
... B-2.1 Recall the three major tenets of cell theory (all living things are composed of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and all presently existing cells arose from previously existing cells). B-2.2 Summarize the structures and functions of organ ...
... B-2.1 Recall the three major tenets of cell theory (all living things are composed of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and all presently existing cells arose from previously existing cells). B-2.2 Summarize the structures and functions of organ ...
Live cell imaging reveals actin-cytoskeleton
... Luxembourg. 2Plateforme d’Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire PTIBC-IBISA, CNRSUMR 7563 et FR3209. Université de Lorraine, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. ...
... Luxembourg. 2Plateforme d’Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire PTIBC-IBISA, CNRSUMR 7563 et FR3209. Université de Lorraine, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. ...
Biofilms are described as surface ... et al.,
... The primary stage for biofilm formation is the attachment of bacteria to a surface followed by proliferation of attached cells which leads to the accumulation of multilayer clusters of cells and glycocalix formation (EPS) (Shakeri et al., 2007). Biofilms are composed of bacteria, extracellular poly ...
... The primary stage for biofilm formation is the attachment of bacteria to a surface followed by proliferation of attached cells which leads to the accumulation of multilayer clusters of cells and glycocalix formation (EPS) (Shakeri et al., 2007). Biofilms are composed of bacteria, extracellular poly ...
CFTR modulates lung secretory cell proliferation and - AJP-Lung
... cftr gene. The gene transfer targeted somatic stem cells in the developing lung and intestine, and these epithelial surfaces demonstrated permanent developmental changes after treatment. The survival statistics from the progeny of heterozygote-heterozygote matings after in utero cftr gene treatment ...
... cftr gene. The gene transfer targeted somatic stem cells in the developing lung and intestine, and these epithelial surfaces demonstrated permanent developmental changes after treatment. The survival statistics from the progeny of heterozygote-heterozygote matings after in utero cftr gene treatment ...
Reverse migration of neutrophils: Where, when, how and why
... Once in the interstitial tissue, neutrophils can move into cellular clusters, exhibiting “neutrophil swarming” [35]. Some of these swarms are “temporary” and neutrophils may move away from the inflammatory focus over time, enabling them to participate in other swarms; ultimately swarm resolution may ...
... Once in the interstitial tissue, neutrophils can move into cellular clusters, exhibiting “neutrophil swarming” [35]. Some of these swarms are “temporary” and neutrophils may move away from the inflammatory focus over time, enabling them to participate in other swarms; ultimately swarm resolution may ...
Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Microtubule
... performed transcript profiling during wood development in poplar, a tree considered as a model for wood development. The majority of the genes upregulated during cellulose biosynthesis encode proteins with known or predictable functions, such as carbohydrate active enzymes (CAzymes). However, some o ...
... performed transcript profiling during wood development in poplar, a tree considered as a model for wood development. The majority of the genes upregulated during cellulose biosynthesis encode proteins with known or predictable functions, such as carbohydrate active enzymes (CAzymes). However, some o ...
THE RENAL ELECTROGENIC Na+:HCO3 COTRANSPORTER
... However, DIDS is notoriously non-specific; it can inhibit a wide variety of membrane proteins, including certain Cl− channels, that could influence Vm. Thus, a DIDS-induced Vm change can hardly be regarded as specific for an electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporter. Another approach that has been used t ...
... However, DIDS is notoriously non-specific; it can inhibit a wide variety of membrane proteins, including certain Cl− channels, that could influence Vm. Thus, a DIDS-induced Vm change can hardly be regarded as specific for an electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporter. Another approach that has been used t ...
Muscle precursor cells isolated from aged rats exhibit
... We also measured the basal mRNA level for the TNF receptor adaptor protein, TRAF-2. TRAF-2 was of particular interest for three reasons: (i) it facilitates cell signaling for both TNFR1 and TNFR2 (Gupta & Gollapudi, 2005); (ii) it was shown to be decreased in T cells from aged humans (Aggarwal et al ...
... We also measured the basal mRNA level for the TNF receptor adaptor protein, TRAF-2. TRAF-2 was of particular interest for three reasons: (i) it facilitates cell signaling for both TNFR1 and TNFR2 (Gupta & Gollapudi, 2005); (ii) it was shown to be decreased in T cells from aged humans (Aggarwal et al ...
Determinants in HIV-2 Env and tetherin required for
... Background: The interferon-inducible factor BST-2/tetherin blocks the release of nascent virions from the surface of infected cells for certain enveloped virus families. The primate lentiviruses have evolved several counteracting mechanisms which, in the case of HIV-2, is a function of its Env prot ...
... Background: The interferon-inducible factor BST-2/tetherin blocks the release of nascent virions from the surface of infected cells for certain enveloped virus families. The primate lentiviruses have evolved several counteracting mechanisms which, in the case of HIV-2, is a function of its Env prot ...
Mobile Factories: Golgi dynamics in plant cells
... A large-scale search of plant EST sequences for components of the ER-Golgi transport machinery uncovered a number of expressed genes that show significant similarity to their animal or yeast counterparts8. The high sequence similarity of the encoded proteins suggests that the plant homologues perfor ...
... A large-scale search of plant EST sequences for components of the ER-Golgi transport machinery uncovered a number of expressed genes that show significant similarity to their animal or yeast counterparts8. The high sequence similarity of the encoded proteins suggests that the plant homologues perfor ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).