Role of Adenosine in Response to Vascular Inflammation
... 1990’s and selective agonists and antagonists became available, rapid progress was made in pinpointing the identity and function of adenosine receptor subtypes on cardiac and vascular tissues. During that time it was also realized that 1 or more adenosine receptors are found on all cell types and th ...
... 1990’s and selective agonists and antagonists became available, rapid progress was made in pinpointing the identity and function of adenosine receptor subtypes on cardiac and vascular tissues. During that time it was also realized that 1 or more adenosine receptors are found on all cell types and th ...
Retinoic acid and chick limb bud development
... retinoic acid at stage 18. Coracoid (CO) is short and appears to be duplicated. CO, coracoid, SC, scapula. (E) Wing after the same treatment as in (D). Coracoid is fused with the scapula. Elements on either side of the joint appear symmetrical. The head of the coracoid resembles that of the scapula. ...
... retinoic acid at stage 18. Coracoid (CO) is short and appears to be duplicated. CO, coracoid, SC, scapula. (E) Wing after the same treatment as in (D). Coracoid is fused with the scapula. Elements on either side of the joint appear symmetrical. The head of the coracoid resembles that of the scapula. ...
Ions and Pollen Tube Growth
... Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) has been shown to cause an increase in the intracellular [Ca2+ ] (Franklin-Tong et al. 1996; Malhó 1998), but whether or not this is a natural regulator still requires experimental verification. On balance, the position of the gradient with its maximal level immedi ...
... Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) has been shown to cause an increase in the intracellular [Ca2+ ] (Franklin-Tong et al. 1996; Malhó 1998), but whether or not this is a natural regulator still requires experimental verification. On balance, the position of the gradient with its maximal level immedi ...
Cadaverine is Transported into Vibrio vulnificus Through its CadB in
... Cells that had not been exposed to cadaverine at pH 8.5 showed higher basal levels of cadaverine compared with those measured at pH 7.5. Since the mutants do not synthesize lysine decarboxylase, the basal level should reflect other polyamines that could be generated by other amino acid decarboxylase ...
... Cells that had not been exposed to cadaverine at pH 8.5 showed higher basal levels of cadaverine compared with those measured at pH 7.5. Since the mutants do not synthesize lysine decarboxylase, the basal level should reflect other polyamines that could be generated by other amino acid decarboxylase ...
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... a molecular weight marker, except in F, and the phenotype of each haploid individual is indicated above its lane on the gel. Arrows indicate recombination individuals for the hab locus and the candidate. D: Mapping of ventral neural cadherin (VNcad) to the hab locus using the size polymorphism in mi ...
... a molecular weight marker, except in F, and the phenotype of each haploid individual is indicated above its lane on the gel. Arrows indicate recombination individuals for the hab locus and the candidate. D: Mapping of ventral neural cadherin (VNcad) to the hab locus using the size polymorphism in mi ...
A Calcium-Regulated Gatekeeper in Phloem Sieve Tubes
... Calcium is an important component of many signal transduction pathways, and calcium regulation has been implicated in phloem function. In the current study, Knoblauch et al. show that an influx of calcium into legume sieve elements stimulates the rapid and reversible dispersal of crystalloid P-prote ...
... Calcium is an important component of many signal transduction pathways, and calcium regulation has been implicated in phloem function. In the current study, Knoblauch et al. show that an influx of calcium into legume sieve elements stimulates the rapid and reversible dispersal of crystalloid P-prote ...
Bostrom Slides
... between are “Crystal diseases” Vascular Calcification and Bone where synovial fibroblasts have an inflammatory response to the crystals. ...
... between are “Crystal diseases” Vascular Calcification and Bone where synovial fibroblasts have an inflammatory response to the crystals. ...
Functional Analysis of Cellulose and Xyloglucan
... guard cells, the repeatable expansion and contraction of which control transpiration and gas exchange between the plant and the environment. Stomatal development involves a series of cell divisions and cell identity transitions that are tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Cass ...
... guard cells, the repeatable expansion and contraction of which control transpiration and gas exchange between the plant and the environment. Stomatal development involves a series of cell divisions and cell identity transitions that are tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Cass ...
Communications between Mitochondria, the Nucleus, Vacuoles
... Studies employing the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism have provided deep insights into molecular mechanisms of cellular and organismal aging in multicellular eukaryotes and have demonstrated that the main features of biological aging are evolutionarily conserved. Aging in ...
... Studies employing the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism have provided deep insights into molecular mechanisms of cellular and organismal aging in multicellular eukaryotes and have demonstrated that the main features of biological aging are evolutionarily conserved. Aging in ...
Organ-Level Quorum Sensing Directs Regeneration in Hair Stem
... lengths, typically on the order of no more than 100 mm (Teleman and Cohen, 2000; Müller et al., 2012; Sarris et al., 2012; Weber et al., 2013; Shimozono et al., 2013), approximately the same scale as the inter-follicular distance in mouse skin. In contrast, as we show in the next section, the decay ...
... lengths, typically on the order of no more than 100 mm (Teleman and Cohen, 2000; Müller et al., 2012; Sarris et al., 2012; Weber et al., 2013; Shimozono et al., 2013), approximately the same scale as the inter-follicular distance in mouse skin. In contrast, as we show in the next section, the decay ...
Long-Term Acclimation of the Cyanobacterium
... subunits of PSI/PSII, we analyzed the Synechocystis wild type acclimated to different light intensities. Cells were first grown for 5 d under continuous illumination at 40 mE m22 s21 (moderate light [ML]) and subsequently moved for 24 h to either lower light (LL; 10 mE m22 s21) or higher light intens ...
... subunits of PSI/PSII, we analyzed the Synechocystis wild type acclimated to different light intensities. Cells were first grown for 5 d under continuous illumination at 40 mE m22 s21 (moderate light [ML]) and subsequently moved for 24 h to either lower light (LL; 10 mE m22 s21) or higher light intens ...
Imaging of the Yellow Cameleon 3.6 Indicator
... of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), an oscillating tip-focused Ca21 gradient can be resolved through imaging of a cytosolically expressed Yellow Cameleon 3.6 fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based Ca21 sensor. Both elongation of the root hairs and the associated tip-focused Ca21 gradient sh ...
... of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), an oscillating tip-focused Ca21 gradient can be resolved through imaging of a cytosolically expressed Yellow Cameleon 3.6 fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based Ca21 sensor. Both elongation of the root hairs and the associated tip-focused Ca21 gradient sh ...
Sorting of plant vacuolar proteins is initiated in the ER
... recognition occurs on the basis of a tertiary structurebased signal patch that involves two or three lysine residues (Tikkanen et al., 1997). This is recognized by the enzyme GlcNac-1-phosphotransferase, whose action results in blockage of the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides on these hydrola ...
... recognition occurs on the basis of a tertiary structurebased signal patch that involves two or three lysine residues (Tikkanen et al., 1997). This is recognized by the enzyme GlcNac-1-phosphotransferase, whose action results in blockage of the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides on these hydrola ...
articles
... Basement membrane (BM) breakdown is the first recognizable step and is controlled by loss of basally localized RhoA activity and its activator neuroepithelial-transforming-protein-1 (Net1). Failure of RhoA downregulation during EMT leads to BM retention and reduction of its activity in normal epithe ...
... Basement membrane (BM) breakdown is the first recognizable step and is controlled by loss of basally localized RhoA activity and its activator neuroepithelial-transforming-protein-1 (Net1). Failure of RhoA downregulation during EMT leads to BM retention and reduction of its activity in normal epithe ...
Human HL-60 Myeloid Leukemia Cells Transport
... concentration of 2 X io6 cells/mL. Cell viability was greater than 95% as determined by trypan blue exclusion. For uptake assays, 0.5 mL of incubation buffer containing 2 X lo6 cellslml was added to 0.5 mL of incubation buffer containing 0.1 mmoVL DTT and the appropriate concentrations of ascorbic a ...
... concentration of 2 X io6 cells/mL. Cell viability was greater than 95% as determined by trypan blue exclusion. For uptake assays, 0.5 mL of incubation buffer containing 2 X lo6 cellslml was added to 0.5 mL of incubation buffer containing 0.1 mmoVL DTT and the appropriate concentrations of ascorbic a ...
VP5 autocleavage is required for efficient infection by in vitro
... infection with intact virions, but not ISVPs, can be blocked by treating cells with a weak base, such as NH4Cl, that inhibits the proteolysis of m1 within cells (Chandran & Nibert, 1998; Jané-Valbuena et al., 1999). Studies on the characteristics of infectious GCRV particles have demonstrated that ...
... infection with intact virions, but not ISVPs, can be blocked by treating cells with a weak base, such as NH4Cl, that inhibits the proteolysis of m1 within cells (Chandran & Nibert, 1998; Jané-Valbuena et al., 1999). Studies on the characteristics of infectious GCRV particles have demonstrated that ...
Molecular approaches to vertebrate limb
... range of about half an order of magnitude. This implies that cells in the limb bud would have to sense relatively small concentration differences. That they are capable of doing this can be deduced from the dose-response analyses: it was found that to generate a pattern with an additional digit 4 re ...
... range of about half an order of magnitude. This implies that cells in the limb bud would have to sense relatively small concentration differences. That they are capable of doing this can be deduced from the dose-response analyses: it was found that to generate a pattern with an additional digit 4 re ...
Naturally Occurring Ligand Isoforms Receptor Binding and Function
... hemopoietic growth factors, CSF-1 and steel factor (SLF) (1, 2), have demonstrated that the conformation of the extracellular domain is critical to maintaining function. Flt3 ligand, CSF-1, and SLF are all type 1 transmembrane proteins characterized by short cytoplasmic domains and four conserved cy ...
... hemopoietic growth factors, CSF-1 and steel factor (SLF) (1, 2), have demonstrated that the conformation of the extracellular domain is critical to maintaining function. Flt3 ligand, CSF-1, and SLF are all type 1 transmembrane proteins characterized by short cytoplasmic domains and four conserved cy ...
Effects of Ammonia and Lactate on Hybridoma Growth, Metabolism
... parameters that have been investigated as a function of ammonia concentration. Most of these studies emphasized the influence of ammonia on cell growth. Although ammonia inhibited cell growth in all these studies, the sensitivity of the growth rate to ammonia concentration varied among the cell line ...
... parameters that have been investigated as a function of ammonia concentration. Most of these studies emphasized the influence of ammonia on cell growth. Although ammonia inhibited cell growth in all these studies, the sensitivity of the growth rate to ammonia concentration varied among the cell line ...
Ion Changes in Legume Root Hairs Responding to Nod
... two general features of most plant electrophysiological responses. Felle et al. have since demonstrated the necessity of the rise in cytosolic Ca2⫹ for activation of downstream events such as Cl⫺ efflux and membrane depolarization (Felle et al., 1999a). (Further discussion of Ca2⫹ issues will occur ...
... two general features of most plant electrophysiological responses. Felle et al. have since demonstrated the necessity of the rise in cytosolic Ca2⫹ for activation of downstream events such as Cl⫺ efflux and membrane depolarization (Felle et al., 1999a). (Further discussion of Ca2⫹ issues will occur ...
Differential Effects of Rapamycin on Mammalian Target of
... day until colonies were visible to the naked eye. Colonies were stained with plating 50,000 cells/ml in the presence or absence of 20 nM rapamycin and crystal violet (0.1% in 20% methanol). FL5.12 cells were maintained in RPMI measuring cell number at 24-h intervals with a Coulter Z2 particle analyz ...
... day until colonies were visible to the naked eye. Colonies were stained with plating 50,000 cells/ml in the presence or absence of 20 nM rapamycin and crystal violet (0.1% in 20% methanol). FL5.12 cells were maintained in RPMI measuring cell number at 24-h intervals with a Coulter Z2 particle analyz ...
The Iron-Sulfur Cluster Proteins Isa1 and Isa2 Are Required for the
... † Present address: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. 䌤 Published ahead of print on 26 January 2007. ...
... † Present address: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. 䌤 Published ahead of print on 26 January 2007. ...
Essays41 Chap03 - Essays in Biochemistry
... evolved from the same predecessor. The most primitive archaeal proteasomes contain just one - and one -subunit and their subunit stoichiometry is therefore 7,7,7,7. During evolution, each of these two subunits diverged into seven different - and -subunits, resulting in a stoichiometry of 1– ...
... evolved from the same predecessor. The most primitive archaeal proteasomes contain just one - and one -subunit and their subunit stoichiometry is therefore 7,7,7,7. During evolution, each of these two subunits diverged into seven different - and -subunits, resulting in a stoichiometry of 1– ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).