Classes of programmed cell death in plants
... particular, plastids, ribosomes, ER membranes, and peroxisomes, disappear during this process. These changes are very similar to autophagy in animal and yeast cells, although it is not yet clear how the plant process is regulated and what organelles are involved (van Doorn et al., 2011). The autopha ...
... particular, plastids, ribosomes, ER membranes, and peroxisomes, disappear during this process. These changes are very similar to autophagy in animal and yeast cells, although it is not yet clear how the plant process is regulated and what organelles are involved (van Doorn et al., 2011). The autopha ...
Actin Dynamics in Muscle Cells
... convection into chemical signals within the cell. myoblast muscle precursor cell with a single nucleus myofibril highly organized bundle of contractile proteins or filaments myofibrillogenesis transition form premyofibril to myofibril myotube multinucleated skeletal muscle cell premyofibril myofibril precu ...
... convection into chemical signals within the cell. myoblast muscle precursor cell with a single nucleus myofibril highly organized bundle of contractile proteins or filaments myofibrillogenesis transition form premyofibril to myofibril myotube multinucleated skeletal muscle cell premyofibril myofibril precu ...
Interaction of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase with the CAT
... facilitates the delivery of extracellular L-arginine to eNOS. Definitive proof of a protein–protein interaction between eNOS and CAT-1 is lacking, however, and it is also unknown whether the two proteins interact directly or via an adaptor protein. In the present study, we raised a polyclonal antibo ...
... facilitates the delivery of extracellular L-arginine to eNOS. Definitive proof of a protein–protein interaction between eNOS and CAT-1 is lacking, however, and it is also unknown whether the two proteins interact directly or via an adaptor protein. In the present study, we raised a polyclonal antibo ...
as a PDF
... reliable coordination of these cell behaviors suggests that several mechanisms must work in concert to control this process. ...
... reliable coordination of these cell behaviors suggests that several mechanisms must work in concert to control this process. ...
The hypoblast (visceral endoderm): an evo
... the embryo itself, as well as to exchange oxygen. Although there is considerable variation between species, the yolk sac endoderm can be both a trophic tissue, taking up nutrients and other factors from the maternal environment in viviparous species (Beck, 1976), and probably also an inducing one, g ...
... the embryo itself, as well as to exchange oxygen. Although there is considerable variation between species, the yolk sac endoderm can be both a trophic tissue, taking up nutrients and other factors from the maternal environment in viviparous species (Beck, 1976), and probably also an inducing one, g ...
Computational modelling of mitotic exit in budding yeast: the role of
... J. R. Soc. Interface (2011) 8, 1128–1141 ...
... J. R. Soc. Interface (2011) 8, 1128–1141 ...
Regulation of KNOLLE syntaxin - Journal of Cell Science
... Likewise, the Caenorhabditis syn-4 gene is involved in embryo cleavage divisions but also plays a role in nuclear membrane reformation (Jantsch-Plunger and Glotzer, 1999). In contrast to the other two syntaxins, KNOLLE is required only for de novo formation of the partitioning plasma membrane during ...
... Likewise, the Caenorhabditis syn-4 gene is involved in embryo cleavage divisions but also plays a role in nuclear membrane reformation (Jantsch-Plunger and Glotzer, 1999). In contrast to the other two syntaxins, KNOLLE is required only for de novo formation of the partitioning plasma membrane during ...
Microbial Cell Factories
... into the plant— have not been fully characterized. Root attachment and colonization by rhizobia follow the twophase sequence of events previously described for bacteria in general [1]. Several bacterial proteins, such as adhesins, and flagellar proteins [2,3], have been proposed to be important fact ...
... into the plant— have not been fully characterized. Root attachment and colonization by rhizobia follow the twophase sequence of events previously described for bacteria in general [1]. Several bacterial proteins, such as adhesins, and flagellar proteins [2,3], have been proposed to be important fact ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Received 31 May 2011; revised 30 June 2011; accepted 2 July 2011; published online 22 August 2011. ...
... Received 31 May 2011; revised 30 June 2011; accepted 2 July 2011; published online 22 August 2011. ...
Caryoneme alternative to chromosome and a new caryological
... group of closely allied substances (for example, adrenalin, mucin, chitin). The word “chromatin” is subject to nearly the same criticism as heterochromatin; but it was introduced long ago, at a time when the invention of such words may have been helpful. It is commonly used ...
... group of closely allied substances (for example, adrenalin, mucin, chitin). The word “chromatin” is subject to nearly the same criticism as heterochromatin; but it was introduced long ago, at a time when the invention of such words may have been helpful. It is commonly used ...
Requirements for CPC localization during anaphase
... depleted, cytokinesis defects are observed 11. ...
... depleted, cytokinesis defects are observed 11. ...
Polysaccharides of higher fungi: biological role, structure and
... biologically active compounds, such as various polysaccharides (β-glucans, chitin and heteropolysaccharides), terpenes, phenols, essential amino acids, lectins, nucleotides, sterols and unsaturated fatty acids. Besides, they also contain many minerals and vitamins. The active components of fungi are ...
... biologically active compounds, such as various polysaccharides (β-glucans, chitin and heteropolysaccharides), terpenes, phenols, essential amino acids, lectins, nucleotides, sterols and unsaturated fatty acids. Besides, they also contain many minerals and vitamins. The active components of fungi are ...
T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for
... However, significantly less (P < 0.0001) overlap was observed between PD-1 and TCR (PCC of 0.69 ± 0.09) (Fig. 1, Movie S1). Strong colocalization of PD-1 and CD28 began from the time of initial cell – bilayer contact (0 sec, Fig. 1B) and was sustained until the T cells fully spread (30 sec, Fig. 1B) ...
... However, significantly less (P < 0.0001) overlap was observed between PD-1 and TCR (PCC of 0.69 ± 0.09) (Fig. 1, Movie S1). Strong colocalization of PD-1 and CD28 began from the time of initial cell – bilayer contact (0 sec, Fig. 1B) and was sustained until the T cells fully spread (30 sec, Fig. 1B) ...
Bradykinin stimulates IL-6 and IL-8 production by human lung
... isolated guinea pig lung strips [12], and IL-1 from cultured human lung fibroblasts [13]. These data suggest that BK may be involved in the control of the inflammatory reaction associated with interstitial lung disorders through proinflammatory cytokines production by lung fibroblasts. It has also b ...
... isolated guinea pig lung strips [12], and IL-1 from cultured human lung fibroblasts [13]. These data suggest that BK may be involved in the control of the inflammatory reaction associated with interstitial lung disorders through proinflammatory cytokines production by lung fibroblasts. It has also b ...
Levels of Ycg1 Limit Condensin Function during the Cell Cycle
... comprised of five protein subunits: two core ATPase subunits (Smc2 and Smc4), a kleisin subunit (CAP-H/Brn1), and two HEAT-repeat subunits (CAP-G/Ycg1 and CAP-D2/Ycs4), each of which is essential for complex function and cell viability [5–8]. Mammalian cells have two condensin complexes, condensin I ...
... comprised of five protein subunits: two core ATPase subunits (Smc2 and Smc4), a kleisin subunit (CAP-H/Brn1), and two HEAT-repeat subunits (CAP-G/Ycg1 and CAP-D2/Ycs4), each of which is essential for complex function and cell viability [5–8]. Mammalian cells have two condensin complexes, condensin I ...
Cryptic O2 –-generating NADPH oxidase in
... KCl extract and β-OG extract of DC membranes The KCl extract of DC membranes was prepared as follows. DC membranes (2 mg protein) in 1.5 ml of 0.5 M KCl were subjected to ultrasonic irradiation at 10 W output at 4°C for 1 minute, with one second interruption every second. Membranes were sedimented b ...
... KCl extract and β-OG extract of DC membranes The KCl extract of DC membranes was prepared as follows. DC membranes (2 mg protein) in 1.5 ml of 0.5 M KCl were subjected to ultrasonic irradiation at 10 W output at 4°C for 1 minute, with one second interruption every second. Membranes were sedimented b ...
PDF + SI - Development - The Company of Biologists
... 1995). FCs are born from the asymmetric division of progenitor cells (PCs) specified at precise positions and times within the somatic mesoderm. Detailed characterization of a few somatic muscle lineages has established that muscle identity (specific shape, size, orientation) reflects the expression ...
... 1995). FCs are born from the asymmetric division of progenitor cells (PCs) specified at precise positions and times within the somatic mesoderm. Detailed characterization of a few somatic muscle lineages has established that muscle identity (specific shape, size, orientation) reflects the expression ...
OPTIMISATION OF CHO CELL GROWTH AND
... increased in culture, improvements of approximately 40% in both of these parameters were achieved; the glycosylation of JFN-y was not affected. The former analysis also indicated that different stimuli were required for growth and production. Fed-batch feeding of glucose and glutamine, components de ...
... increased in culture, improvements of approximately 40% in both of these parameters were achieved; the glycosylation of JFN-y was not affected. The former analysis also indicated that different stimuli were required for growth and production. Fed-batch feeding of glucose and glutamine, components de ...
Rainbow on Mustard Border
... Overview of Tissues a tissue is an organized group of cells and non-living interstitial material. Each tissue specializes in performing at least one unique function that is essential for healthy survival of the body. ...
... Overview of Tissues a tissue is an organized group of cells and non-living interstitial material. Each tissue specializes in performing at least one unique function that is essential for healthy survival of the body. ...
The SMN Complex Is Associated with snRNPs throughout Their
... The common neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein. SMN associates with several proteins (Gemin2 to Gemin6) to form a large complex which is found both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. The SMN complex functions ...
... The common neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein. SMN associates with several proteins (Gemin2 to Gemin6) to form a large complex which is found both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. The SMN complex functions ...
Linköping University Post Print
... according to their active site amino acids, into cysteine (cathepsins B, C, F, H, K, L, O, S, V, W, and X), serine (cathepsins A and G), and aspartic cathepsins (cathepsins D and E) [3]. Cell death through apoptosis is tightly controlled by changes in protein expression, proteinprotein interactions, ...
... according to their active site amino acids, into cysteine (cathepsins B, C, F, H, K, L, O, S, V, W, and X), serine (cathepsins A and G), and aspartic cathepsins (cathepsins D and E) [3]. Cell death through apoptosis is tightly controlled by changes in protein expression, proteinprotein interactions, ...
Flamingo controls the planar polarity of sensory
... apterous–Gal4 also disrupted bristle planar polarity (Figure 2b), consistent with earlier experiments using fz constructs driven by the heat shock gene (hs) promoter [8]. Besides the planar polarity phenotype, overexpression of fz also led to the formation of ectopic macrochaetes. The apterous–Gal4 ...
... apterous–Gal4 also disrupted bristle planar polarity (Figure 2b), consistent with earlier experiments using fz constructs driven by the heat shock gene (hs) promoter [8]. Besides the planar polarity phenotype, overexpression of fz also led to the formation of ectopic macrochaetes. The apterous–Gal4 ...
The Rhopalosiphum padi virus 59 internal ribosome entry site is
... shown to function in a Drosophila cell-based in vitro translation system and also functions efficiently in RRL and wheat germ lysates (Woolaway et al., 2001). The ability of the RhPV 59 IRES to function in insect translation systems suggests potential utility of this IRES in insect cell expression s ...
... shown to function in a Drosophila cell-based in vitro translation system and also functions efficiently in RRL and wheat germ lysates (Woolaway et al., 2001). The ability of the RhPV 59 IRES to function in insect translation systems suggests potential utility of this IRES in insect cell expression s ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).